山东胶东矿集区燕山期构造热事件与金矿成矿耦合探讨

中生代胶东地区有2次重要的碰撞造山事件,印支造山作用主要表现为扬子板块向华北板块俯冲,形成苏鲁高压—超高压变质带,同造山花岗岩及后造山高碱正长岩;燕山造山作用的大陆动力学环境起源于中亚-特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域转化和太平洋板块的俯冲,在胶东地区表现为3次造山和2次伸展.本文基于汇集的71个SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年龄,并参考前人已有划分方案,提出胶东地区燕山期花岗岩年代格架:160～150Ma玲珑-昆嵛山花岗岩侵位,130～126Ma郭家岭花岗闪长岩形成,120～110Ma伟德山花岗闪长岩-花岗岩侵位,110～100Ma崂山A型晶洞过碱性碱长花岗岩侵位,代表燕山运动的结束;区内3期金矿成矿事件(150Ma、120～110Ma和100Ma～90Ma)则与玲珑、郭家岭和伟德山岩体的构造-岩浆热事件相耦合.胶东地区构造-岩浆事件和金矿成矿作用受控于特提斯、古亚洲洋和太平洋3大构造域的相互作用,金矿形成的动力学背景是中生代构造体制转折和岩石圈减薄,起因与太平洋板块向华北板块的俯冲机制有关.     

胶东夏甸金矿床构造-热历史:成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束

胶东是全球唯一已知前寒武纪变质地体内的晚中生代巨型金成矿系统,其成矿机制独具特色,属胶东型金矿床成因新类型;深入剖析该成矿系统的形成、变化与保存过程对丰富和完善金成矿理论具有重要意义。夏甸超大型金矿床位于胶东招平金矿带中南段,赋存于晚侏罗世玲珑花岗岩和早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩中,是一典型的胶东型金矿床;该矿床成岩-成矿时代已有精确限定,但其精细演化过程与成矿后变化-保存尚缺乏有效约束,是开展矿床形成与隆升剥蚀研究的理想选择。因此,本文通过成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束该矿床的构造-热历史,揭示其主控因素,提高对该成矿系统的认识,为深部找矿潜力评价提供支撑。本次获取的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗岩分别于151.7±2.1Ma(2σ)和125.8±1.6Ma(2σ)侵位。区域已有黑云母和白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄表明玲珑岩体侵位后缓慢冷却,并发生韧性变形;郭家岭花岗岩则经历了同岩浆韧性变形和快速冷却;约于124Ma两者均冷却至350±50℃,区域发生韧脆性变形转换。夏甸金矿床与载金矿物共生的热液绢云母^4...     

胶东地区燕山期岩浆活动及其构造环境——来自单颗锆石SHRIMP年代学的记录

山东胶东地区中生代构造-岩浆事件和金矿成矿作用密切相关,其主要构造-岩浆事件包括:1220~200 Ma,扬子板块相对华北板块的南北向碰撞形成苏鲁高压-超高压变质带及同造山花岗岩与造山后高碱正长岩,属于典型的幔源型花岗岩系列;2 165~150 Ma,晚侏罗世时期形成与金矿有关的玲珑(昆嵛山)造山早期片麻状二长花岗岩组合,为过铝质花岗岩类,属胶东基底岩系的部分重熔产物。3 135~110 Ma,由壳幔混合岩浆结晶分异形成郭家岭花岗岩和伟德山花岗闪长岩。燕山期是胶东地区岩浆活动的鼎盛时期,表现为四次强烈的构造-岩浆事件,代表了燕山造山事件四个构造幕,并以挤压与伸展相互转化为特征。研究表明胶东地区中生代花岗岩具有继承性和再生性特点,采自郭家岭花岗闪长岩中的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素年代学测定结果表明:锆石由核部到边部年龄值分别为2573~2194Ma、164.8~147.8和126.6~126.2Ma,显示了胶东结晶基底、玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗岩形成的年代学信息,揭示了它们之间复杂的继承性和再生性,即新太古代胶东岩群、TTG岩系和古元古代荆山群、粉子山群等胶东基底岩系交代重熔形成S型玲珑花岗岩,由壳幔混合岩浆形成的郭家岭花岗岩在形成与侵位过程中重熔交代了部分玲珑花岗岩物质并侵位于玲珑花岗岩中。分析认为2573.4~2194.4 Ma是胶东结晶基底的年龄信息,164.8~147.8Ma代表了玲珑花岗岩形成的年龄信息,126.2~126.6Ma则代表了郭家岭花岗岩形成的年龄信息。这种年龄信息组合也反映了胶东地区从新太古代陆块形成、古元古代克拉通化到三叠纪华北陆块与扬子陆块碰撞至玲珑S型花岗岩形成、郭家岭壳幔混合型花岗岩形成演化的年代学记录,浓缩了胶东地区中生代岩浆起源和演化的过程,进而为诠释胶东地区深部岩浆作用过程提供了新的资料,并对后续的相关科学研究尤其是金矿的多期成矿作用提供了佐证。     

The mixing of Mesozoic crust-mantle magma is the key to the source of large amounts of gold deposits in the Jiaobei uplift,ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

胶东地区金矿巨量金质来源一直是学界争论的焦点,很难找到有说服力的直接证据。在没有其它更有效的直接证明巨量金质来源的情况下,本文通过胶北隆起主要地质体新鲜岩石大量微量元素地球化学数据的变化规律,间接得出中生代壳幔岩浆的混合反应是巨量金质来源的关键,即郭家岭和伟德山两期壳幔岩浆的混合反应和演化可能是巨量金质来源的主要形成机制,同时更是热量供给源,而玲珑花岗岩可能是少量金质的提供者和主要赋矿地质体。胶东地区金矿主要成矿时间(130～105Ma)与郭家岭(130～125Ma)和伟德山(126～108Ma)两期花岗岩浆演化结晶时间完全吻合,说明其关系密切,岩浆混合反应和冷凝期,岩浆热液上升运移沉淀成矿。该区中生代地质体对早前寒武纪的地球化学环境有一定的继承性,中生代地壳混合了大量地幔物质,Au丰度偏高,平均为1.31×10^-9,为地球化学高背景场。     

胶东金矿床成矿流体、稳定同位素及成矿时代研究进展

胶东金矿成矿具有"多期叠加,时空集中,规模巨大"的显著特征,胶东金矿床在成矿流体性质、成矿时代上具有一致性。各类矿床不同蚀变带、各成矿阶段的流体包裹体类型主要有H2OCO2包裹体、富CO2包裹体和H2O溶液包裹体,各成矿阶段具有不同的流体包裹体类型组合,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的CO2-H2O-NaCl流体。稳定同位素研究表明,成矿流体可能源于统一的流体库——壳幔相互作用过程的流体系统,成矿晚期有大气降水混入。胶东地区岩浆活动主要集中于152~160Ma(玲珑花岗岩)、126~130Ma(郭家岭花岗岩)和108~118.8Ma(伟德山花岗岩)等3个时期,主成矿期年龄集中于112~127Ma,成矿主要与郭家岭和伟德山花岗岩有关。     

胶西北丛家花岗闪长岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究

胶西北地区是我国最重要的金矿集中区,区内大量展布的中生代花岗岩与金矿关系十分密切,本文通过对郭家岭序列的丛家花岗闪长岩体的地质背景和SHRIMP锆石年代学研究,获得该岩体的成岩年龄为(127±1)Ma,地质时代属早白垩世。郭家岭序列各个岩体所测得的年龄值相差不大,表明它们近于同时侵位,侵位时间为127.9 Ma。丛家岩体锆石样品中测得Ar_3、Pt_1、J_3等多个期次的继承锆石年龄。结合前人研究,表明郭家岭序列岩浆源区成分非常复杂,既有来自胶辽陆块的前寒武纪基底、晚侏罗世玲珑序列,也有来自胶南—威海造山带的三叠纪同碰撞花岗岩类,还有幔源组分的加入。其中,壳源组分以玲珑序列为主。郭家岭序列与胶西北地区金矿的关系十分密切。从时间上看,郭家岭序列的形成年龄早于胶西北地区金矿的形成年龄5~10 Ma,符合同源岩浆成因金矿的成岩成矿时间差。从空间上看,胶西北地区三条主要控矿断裂带下均有隐伏郭家岭序列存在,金矿与郭家岭序列形影不离。从物质成分上看,与其他早白垩世岩浆岩类相比,郭家岭序列相对富Na,有可能是郭家岭序列在侵位之前,经历了含Au的富K热液组分分离的结果。因此,郭家岭序列更接近于胶西北地区金矿的成矿母岩。     

胶东晚中生代花岗岩的源区性质与构造环境演化及其对金成矿的启示

胶东地区位于华北板块与大别-苏鲁造山带拼合位置的东北端,晚中生代发育强烈的构造-岩浆事件,是研究区域构造活动体制转换和克拉通破坏过程的理想之地。本文以晚中生代花岗岩为研究对象,通过详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及Sr-Nd同位素研究,探讨了岩浆源区性质和成岩成矿的构造环境演变历史。研究结果表明,胶东地区的玲珑型花岗岩、郭家岭型花岗岩、伟德山型花岗岩的侵位时代分别为163.2～157.9、132.9～130.0和121.3～116.7 Ma,崂山型花岗岩和脉岩的侵位时代分别为125.0和120.7 Ma。由侏罗纪至早白垩世,岩石化学成分由高钾钙碱性系列→橄榄安粗岩系列,由过铝质→偏铝质;微量元素由高Ba、Sr→低Ba、Sr,由高Sr低Y→低Sr高Y;稀土元素由无或弱正铕异常→显著负铕异常;花岗岩类型由S型→Ⅰ型→A型;地幔性状由EM2型向EM1型演化,由富集地幔转向亏损地幔或由岩石圈转向软流圈演变。胶东地区晚中生代花岗岩的岩浆演化特征是深层次构造背景转换的反映,即由华北-扬子板块构造体系向欧亚-太平洋板块构造体系和由挤压机制向伸展机制的转换,在这一过程中发生的早白垩世热隆-伸展构造为胶东大规模金成矿提供了有利条件。     

应用蚀变矿物测定胶东金矿的成矿年龄

本文应用热液蚀变富钾、铷微细矿物测定胶东金矿的成矿年龄获得了满意的结果。从蚀变围岩和金矿石中分选出粒径<200目、纯度>95％非变质成因的单一水白云母,用Rb—Sr等时线法和Ar同位素稀释法测得其年龄值彼此一致,与野外地质观察结果相符,表明玲珑西山石英脉型金矿形成于115.0±3.7Ma,灵山沟金矿115±5Ma;焦家金矿有105±7Ma和88.1±0.1Ma两期重要矿化。胶东金矿的主要成矿期为燕山期,金的成矿与花岗岩的成岩密切相关。马家窑式金矿(成矿年龄135.1±5.2Ma)并非为元古代形成的变质侧分泌矿床;对产于牟平——乳山一带胶东群变质岩中金矿床的前景应予以重新认识。     

胶东与白垩纪花岗岩有关的金及有色金属矿床成矿系列

胶东地区除产出大量金矿外,还发现有钼、钨、铜、铅、锌等有色金属矿。为了探讨这些不同矿化类型矿床之间的成生联系,本文对典型矿床特征、成岩成矿时空关系、成矿物质来源和成矿条件等进行了研究。研究表明,成岩成矿时代主要集中在127.6~105 Ma之间,物质来源具有壳幔混合源特点。由胶东东部到西部,表现出金矿床数量渐趋增多,有色金属矿床及与之相关的花岗岩数量和规模逐渐减少的趋势,呈现出由伟德山花岗岩内部向外依次出现钼矿、钼钨矿→铜、银、铅锌、多金属矿→金矿化的特点。金矿赋存于伟德山花岗岩侵位之前的各种围岩中,包括产于较大规模的缓倾断裂中的焦家式破碎带蚀变岩型金矿和产于低序次的陡倾裂隙中的玲珑式石英脉型金矿。有色金属矿成矿显示出"一源、二岩、三带、四化"的矿化规律。胶东金及有色金属矿床具有密切的成因联系,由于形成时的物理化学条件及产出位置的不同,导致了成矿的差异性;它们均为燕山期同一阶段岩浆活动的产物,具有相近的成岩成矿时代,构成了一套与伟德山花岗岩岩浆作用有关的热液矿床成矿系列。岩浆作用、流体活动、伸展构造是成矿的关键因素,在中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄的构造背景下,胶东地区大规模岩浆侵位形成的热隆-伸展构造为成矿提供了有利空间。成矿过程可概述为:由伟德山花岗岩岩浆分异演化出的流体和幔源流体萃取岩体内部金属元素,形成斑岩-矽卡岩型钼矿、钼钨矿、铅锌矿床;由围岩中的活化流体、岩浆分异演化流体及幔源流体形成的复合流体,共同萃取花岗岩内部及围岩中的金属元素,形成蚀变岩型、脉型等金矿和脉型多金属矿床。     

论胶西北河西金矿床成因及其动力学条件

胶东河西金矿床属于典型的蚀变岩型金矿床.金矿体赋存于玲珑黑云母花岗岩体内,并受北东向断裂构造带所控制.87Sr/86Sr的初始比值表明,玲珑黑云母花岗岩和郭家岭花岗闪长岩均为壳源深熔花岗岩.地质和同位素年代学资料表明,金成矿作用发生在早白垩世.据硫、氧同位素组成判断,河西金矿床的成矿作用可能与郭家岭花岗闪长岩的流体活动有关,其成矿温度以中温为主,成矿压力为(1*!200～1*!400)×105 Pa.河西金矿床的花岗岩、蚀变岩和矿石的稀土与微量元素分布模式明显相似,说明它们有着共同的成因,与壳熔花岗岩岩浆作用有关.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with