The interrelated use of geological information and other types of geoinformation in local governments

There is a growing interest in the use of geoinformation in government decision‐making. Studies on the usability of geological information, which is one type of geoinformation, have however been scarce in the literature. A system built for an efficient organization may, therefore, not be catering to the needs of the individual user and understanding the perceived barriers to using geological information should be an important goal of geodata implementation. The objectives of this article are to: (1) investigate whether the analyses of user patterns are improved by considering an interrelated estimation with two types of geoinformation, and (2) explore whether there are gender differences in how peer advice affects the use of geoinformation. The data were collected in 2014 through a web survey, and the sample consisted of 390 women and 287 men working in Swedish municipalities. The results indicates a more accurate prediction pattern when a secondary geoinformation decision was included, thus suggesting that different types of geoinformation should be jointly analyzed. The officials tend to use both types of geoinformation, alluding to a demand for combined geoinformation products among the target population. Finally, there is evidence of women's decision to use geoinformation being affected by peer advice.     

地理国情大数据研究框架

地理国情监测作为大数据时代测绘地理信息领域一个新的、重要战略方向,其发展迫切需要顶层设计与新型技术的支撑,需要建立一种灵活、高效、低成本的大数据处理模式与服务方式。本文以地理国情监测与大数据研究相结合为切入点,阐述了地理国情大数据的分类及特点,提出了云计算环境下地理国情大数据研究架构,并从地理国情大数据存储、处理、挖掘、应用服务4个方面探讨了地理国情大数据云平台建设思路。本文将有助于地理国情监测的生产方式与服务模式变革,推动地理国情监测的广泛应用与产业化发展。     

The concept,key technologies and applications of temporal-spatial information infrastructure

Abstract

Smart city is the development of digital city; as its main supporting technology, the digital city geo-spatial framework has to be upgraded to the temporal-spatial information infrastructure (TSII). First, this paper proposes the concept and basic framework of smart city and defines the concept of TSII – processes, integration, mining analysis, and share time-stamps geographic data – and the related policy, regulations and standards, technology, facilities, mechanism, and human resources. The framework has four components: the benchmark of time and space, temporal-spatial big data, the cloud service platform and the related supporting environment. Second, the temporal-spatial big data and cloud service platform are elaborated. Finally, an application of TSII constructed by the Xicheng District Planning Bureau in Beijing is introduced, which provides a useful reference for the construction of smart city.     

Stakeholder analysis of the governance framework of a national SDI dataset – whose needs are met in the buildings and address register of the Netherlands?

ABSTRACT

National spatial data infrastructures are key to achieving the Digital Earth vision. In many cases, national datasets are integrated from local datasets created and maintained by municipalities. Examples are address, building and topographic information. Integration of local datasets may result in a dataset satisfying the needs of users of national datasets, but is it productive for those who create and maintain the data? This article presents a stakeholder analysis of the Basisregistratie Adressen en Gebouwen (BAG), a collection of base information about addresses and buildings in the Netherlands. The information is captured and maintained by municipalities and integrated into a national base register by Kadaster, the Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency of the Netherlands. The stakeholder analysis identifies organisations involved in the BAG governance framework, describes their interests, rights, ownerships and responsibilities in the BAG, and maps the relationships between them. Analysis results indicate that Kadaster and the municipalities have the highest relative importance in the governance framework of the BAG. The study reveals challenges of setting up a governance framework that maintains the delicate balance between the interests of all stakeholders. The results provide guidance for SDI role players setting up governance frameworks for national or global datasets.     

Towards integrated essential variables for sustainability

ABSTRACT

Measuring the achievement of a sustainable development requires the integration of various data sets and disciplines describing bio-physical and socio-economic conditions. These data allow characterizing any location on Earth, assessing the status of the environment at various scales (e.g. national, regional, global), understanding interactions between different systems (e.g. atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere), and modeling future changes. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) was established in 2005 in response to the need for coordinated, comprehensive, and sustained observations related to the state of the Earth. GEO’s global engagement priorities include supporting the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Paris Agreement on Climate, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. A proposition is made for generalizing and integrating the concept of EVs across the Societal Benefit Areas of GEO and across the border between Socio-Economic and Earth systems EVs. The contributions of the European Union projects ConnectinGEO and GEOEssential in the evaluation of existing EV classes are introduced. Finally, the main aim of the 10 papers of the special issue is shortly presented and mapped according to the proposed typology of SBA-related EV classes.     

数字南极地理信息公共服务平台建设中的数据质量研究

通过分析地理信息数据生产中的数据质量和空间数据基础设施的数据质量内容和特性,基于数字南极地理信息公共服务平台建设中的数据内容,讨论了在地理信息数据生产和地理信息公共服务平台建设中质量控制和元数据制作工作的重要性,并以保证数字南极地理信息公共服务平台建设的数据质量为目标提出了数据质量元素和评价方法,最后就进一步提高平台数据质量提出了建议。     

Geospatial data infrastructure for sustainable development in sub-Saharan countries

Abstract

People are now using geoinformation for many different purposes and consequently one can confidently say that the need for geospatial data infrastructure (GDI) cannot be overstated in sub-Saharan Africa. Geospatial information (GI) is essential to socio-economic planning and development of sub-Sahara African countries. This paper therefore examines: GI during the last centuries in sub-Sahara Africa; recent paradigms in GDI in sub-Sahara Africa; the benefit of GDI to the African economy and the future of GDI in sub-Sahara Africa. This study discovered that most countries in sub-Saharan Africa did not have timely access to accurate geospatial data throughout the last centuries. This significantly hindered meaningful social and economic development. Development of GDI nonetheless, will enhance search and retrieval of geospatial data in Africa. This is one of the benefits that can be derived from implementing GDI in sub-Sahara Africa. Therefore, it is necessary to review cadastral survey laws and regulations so as to incorporate the use of recent geospatial equipment.     

Research on SAR data integrated processing methodology oriented on earth environment factor inversions

ABSTRACT

As an important advanced technique in the field of Earth observations, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) plays a key role in the study of global environmental change, resources exploration, disaster mitigation, urban environments, and even lunar exploration. However, studies on imaging, image processing, and Earth factor inversions have often been conducted independently for a long time, which significantly limits the application effectiveness of SAR remote sensing due to the lack of an overall integrated design scheme and integrated information processing. Focusing on this SAR application issue, this paper proposes and describes a new SAR data processing methodology – SAR data integrated processing (DIP) oriented on Earth environment factor inversions. The simple definition, typical integrated modes and overall implementation ideas are introduced. Finally, focusing on building information extraction (man-made targets) and sea ice classification (natural targets) applications, three SAR DIP methods and experiments are conducted. Improved results are obtained under the guidance of the SAR DIP framework. Therefore, the SAR DIP theoretical framework and methodology represent a new SAR science application mode that has the capability to improve the SAR remote sensing quantitative application level and promote the development of new theories and methodologies.     

开放式空间基础信息平台的发展特征与技术内涵

基于测绘和地理信息产业发展背景,针对日益增长的数据融合、实时共享、深度处理和个性化的需求,对数字城市中测绘服务特征进行分析,重点介绍符合云计算模型的开放式计算环境、多路径数据更新、多源数据一体化集成、全尺度城市编码、自适应空间数据处理和动态在线制图等理论、方法与关键技术。在此基础上,研制开发了开放式空间基础信息平台,并成功应用于数字深圳的建设中。     

基于GML的多源异构空间数据集成框架研究

基于GML的多源异构空间数据集成将GML技术与空间数据集成技术相结合,能解决网络环境下地理信息资源相互不兼容的瓶颈问题,有效的实现数据的互操作。本文在分析GML数据格式特征的基础上,基于J2EE网络环境提出一个基于GML的多源异构空间数据应用集成框架。重点介绍了E00格式的空间数据规格定义以及向GML格式转换处理过程,并以福建省主要公路数据集为样本数据验证了集成结果。结果表明,采用GML作为多源异构数据集成的描述格式,可在数据层上有效地实现空间数据的集成和互操作。     

An integrated virtual geographic environmental simulation framework: a case study of flood disaster simulation

Dynamic flood disaster simulation is an emerging and promising technology significantly useful in urban planning, risk assessment, and integrated decision support systems. It is still an important issue to integrate the large assets such as dynamic observational data, numerical flood simulation models, geographic information technologies, and computing resources into a unified framework. For the intended end user, it is also a holistic solution to create computer interpretable representations and gain insightful understanding of the dynamic disaster processes, the complex impacts, and interactions of disaster factors. In particular, it is still difficult to access and join harmonized data, processing algorithms, and models that are provided by different environmental information infrastructures. In this paper, we demonstrate a virtual geographic environments-based integrated environmental simulation framework for flood disaster management based on the notion of interlinked resources, which is capable of automated accumulating and manipulating of sensor data, creating dynamic geo-analysis and three-dimensional visualizations of ongoing geo-process, and updating the contents of simulation models representing the real environment. The prototype system is evaluated by applying it as a proof of concept to integrate in situ weather observations, numerical weather and flood disaster simulation models, visualization, and analysis of the real time flood event. Case applications indicate that the developed framework can be adopted for use by decision-makers for short-term planning and control since the resulting simulation and visualization are completely based on the latest status of environment.     

Toward an integrated framework for geosensor grid

Abstract

Grid computing is deemed as a good solution to the digital earth infrastructure. Various geographically dispersed geospatial resources can be connected and merged into a ‘supercomputer’ by using the grid-computing technology. On the other side, geosensor networks offer a new perspective for collecting physical data dynamically and modeling a real-time virtual world. Integrating geosensor networks and grid computing in geosensor grid can be compared to equipping the geospatial information grid with ‘eyes’ and ‘ears.’ Thus, real-time information in the physical world can be processed, correlated, and modeled to enable complex and advanced geospatial analyses on geosensor grid with capability of high-performance computation. There are several issues and challenges that need to be overcome before geosensor grid comes true. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework, comprising the geosensor network layer, the grid layer and the application layer, to address these design issues. Key technologies of the geosensor grid framework are discussed. And, a geosensor grid testbed is set up to illustrate the proposed framework and improve our geosensor grid design.     

构建智能交通地理信息及定位平台

计算机技术、通信技术、现代控制技术、全球定位技术和地理信息系统技术为智能交通系统 (ITS)的建设提供了可靠的技术支撑。描述地球表面的基础地理信息数据是国家空间数据基础设施建设中的重要组成部分。交通地理信息及定位平台是面向交通运输 ,以地理信息系统和空间定位技术为依托的广泛概念 ,构架交通地理信息及定位平台 ,提供车辆在四维时空中的位置和有关空间目标描述的技术和信息 ,为实现交通智能化奠定基础。     

A framework for user-generated geographic content acquisition in an age of crowdsourcing

ABSTRACT

Obtaining useful geographic information from the flood of user-generated geographic content (UGGC) data is of significant interest, but comes with challenges in an age of crowdsourcing. To address this issue, we adopt Maslow’s model of human needs to frame UGGC. Synthesizing across literature about volunteered geographic information and participatory GIS, we present a conceptual framework for characterizing collection of UGGC. The framework is composed of multiple dimensions and levels that include perspectives about motivations, participatory methods, and participants. We also articulate four levels of participants (stakeholders, core-engaged participants, semi-core-engaged participants, and engaged citizens) together with four work principles (communication, cooperation, coordination, and collaboration). Finally, a case study describes an example we use to evaluate the conceptual framework for its suitability in design of a UGGC system. We conclude by reflecting on how and why this framework offers a valuable perspective for deriving useful geographic information and offer future research directions.     

Data field for mining big data

Abstract

Big data is a highlighted challenge for many fields with the rapid expansion of large-volume, complex, and fast-growing sources of data. Mining from big data is required for exploring the essence of data and providing meaningful information. To this end, we have previously introduced the theory of physical field to explore relations between objects in data space and proposed a framework of data field to discover the underlying distribution of big data. This paper concerns an overview of big data mining by the use of data field. It mainly discusses the theory of data field and different aspects of applications including feature selection for high-dimensional data, clustering, and the recognition of facial expression in human–computer interaction. In these applications, data field is employed to capture the intrinsic distribution of data objects for selecting meaningful features, fast clustering, and describing variation of facial expression. It is expected that our contributions would help overcome the problems in accordance with big data.     

Towards a knowledge base to support global change policy goals

ABSTRACT

In 2015, it was adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The year after, 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) officially came into force. In 2015, GEO (Group on Earth Observation) declared to support the implementation of SDGs. The GEO Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) required a change of paradigm, moving from a data-centric approach to a more knowledge-driven one. To this end, the GEO System-of-Systems (SoS) framework may refer to the well-known Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) paradigm. In the context of an Earth Observation (EO) SoS, a set of main elements are recognized as connecting links for generating knowledge from EO and non-EO data – e.g. social and economic datasets. These elements are: Essential Variables (EVs), Indicators and Indexes, Goals and Targets. Their generation and use requires the development of a SoS KB whose management process has evolved the GEOSS Software Ecosystem into a GEOSS Social Ecosystem. This includes: collect, formalize, publish, access, use, and update knowledge. ConnectinGEO project analysed the knowledge necessary to recognize, formalize, access, and use EVs. The analysis recognized GEOSS gaps providing recommendations on supporting global decision-making within and across different domains.     

Analysis of mobility data – A focus on Mobile Mapping Systems

ABSTRACT

The increasing availability of devices to capture the position of moving objects (and other environmental information) leads to a very large amount and variety of mobility data. In order to obtain important information about the objects, their behavior or the environment of the objects, an automatic analysis is required. This article highlights current research questions in the context of the analysis of mobility data and presents them on the basis of work carried out at the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics (ikg) at Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany. A focus is put on the analysis and exploitation of information from Mobile Mapping vehicles.     

The Digital National Framework and Digital Photogrammetry at Ordnance Survey

Over recent months the Ordnance Survey, Britain's national mapping agency, has changed the way in which it uses photogrammetry to update its large scales topographic database. The nature of the database itself has also changed during the same period, as the concept of a "Digital National Framework" has developed. This paper describes the Digital National Framework, the topographic data captured by Ordnance Survey within this framework and the capture methods currently used. The paper concentrates on the use of photogrammetry in the update process, describing the methods of the past, the methods currently in production, and the outlook for photogrammetry within the Ordnance Survey in future.     

“天地图·中山”电子地图改造技术研究

基于"数字中山地理空间框架"的电子地图数据基础,详细阐述了"天地图·中山"电子地图数据建设流程,包括矢量电子地图数据集、影像电子地图数据集建设与质量控制。通过实践形成了从"数字框架"电子地图到"天地图"电子地图的数据升级改造生产方案,避免了数据的冗余,为地理信息数据的共建共享打下基础。