冀西北东坪金矿床的成矿期次及成矿阶段研究

冀西北东坪金矿床的成矿期次及成矿阶段研究莫测辉（华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州５１０６４２）王秀璋程景平梁华英（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词金矿床石英脉型蚀变岩型成矿期次成矿阶段“石英脉型”与“蚀变岩型”是中温（中深）热液脉...     

抚顺地区金矿成矿规律及找矿设想

抚顺地区（特别是清原）金矿资源丰富,岩金矿床主要分为岩浆-热液型金矿床、（次）火山-热液型金矿床及沉积-变质型金矿床三大类型.在分析矿床地质特征、控矿因素的基础上,总结出三类金矿床的成矿规律,建立成矿模式,提出找矿设想.     

变质地体中脉金矿床的研究现状和进展

最近研究表明，西澳大利亚、加拿大、津巴布韦、印度等地变质地体中脉金矿床形成于葡萄石－绿纤石相到低麻粒岩相变质环境。这组矿床的地质地球化学特征、成矿机理、成矿时代和产出的地球动力学背景相近，虽然 它们形成深度和环境不同，但连续有序地产于地壳由浅到深的不同深度上，根据矿床形成的温度、压力和深度条件，可将脉金矿床划分为浅成矿床、中成矿床和深成矿床。我国变质地体中的一些脉金矿床 成矿特征与国外矿床类似，而另一些矿床则存在重大差异。90年代以来提出的脉金矿床成矿模式包括：地壳连续成矿模式、多阶段多成因模式和改造成矿模式等。巨大的脉金成矿省出现在地史上三个时期，即晚太古代（约27-2.6Ga）、晚古生代（450－340Ma）和中－新生代，这与超大陆的增生和拉拼接作用发生的时期相应。巨大的金矿集中区位于外部造山;立小矿床的形成在时间和空间上也与超大陆旋回内部造山带的碰撞构造作用有关。脉金矿床与煌斑岩不民因联系，但橄榄玄粗 岩浆作用反映了外来地体斜向碰撞一隆升和减压的地球动力学状态，而金矿床即形成于这一特殊背景。应力制图技术（STM^TM）是预测成矿靶区的有效方法。     

燕山地区金矿床类型及区域成矿特征

燕山地区内生金矿床分为5类（其中产于侵入岩和变质岩中的金矿床是最重要的类型），具显著的区域成矿学特征；明显分为密云-青龙和尚义-平泉南北两个金矿成矿带；内生热液成矿期主要分为4个成矿阶段；成矿时代主要为燕山期（150-200Ma)。     

新疆准噶尔地区与火山—浅在岩有关的金矿成矿系列

通过对新疆准噶尔地区金矿床（点）产出特征的研究，提出了“与火山－浅成岩有关的金矿成矿系列”并划分了两种矿化类型，即浅成（低温）热液型和浅成岩－构造蚀变岩型，通过成矿地质特征的研究和总结，建立了该类矿床的成矿模型，初步提出了该类金矿床的找矿评价标志。     

冀西北东坪金矿床成矿流体的来源研究

冀西北东坪金矿床成矿流体的来源研究＊莫测辉王秀璋程景平梁华英（华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州５１０６４２）（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词金矿床成矿流体来源岩浆热液大气降水热液侵入岩体中的金矿床乃至岩体接触带或附近地层中的金矿...     

初论黔西南微细浸染型金矿床深源流体成矿

初论黔西南微细浸染型金矿床深源流体成矿＊朱赖民１）金景福２）何明友１）胡瑞忠１）１（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）２（成都理工学院，成都６１００５９）关键词深源流体改造交代成矿模式１问题的提出近２０年来，前人对黔西南地区金矿床成因开展了...     

金矿成矿预测中成矿流体场研究——以赤峰红花沟金矿为例

本文以赤峰红花沟金矿为例讨论内生金矿床的成矿流体场研究方法在金矿成矿预测中的应用。成矿流体场是利用矿床（体）中的流体包裹体研究所得到的成矿热晕场、成矿蒸发晕场、成矿气晕场的综合，并与成矿的物化参数相结合确定成矿预测的指标和成矿预测部位。     

初论中国金矿床的成矿时代

本文基于中国５０个岩金矿床８４组直接测年数据，提出中国金矿床具“一老（２５００－１８００Ｍａ）一新（２８０－１００Ｍａ）”的成矿格架。区域分布上，前寒武纪形成的金矿床成矿年代为“西低东高”，而显生宙金矿为“西高东低”。中国金矿床最重要类型为绿岩带型金矿。测年方法上，应采用单颗粒含铀矿物Ｕ－Ｐｂ法，而４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ、Ｋ－Ａｒ法和Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线法仅适于测定显生宙形成的金矿床。     

鲁东金矿成矿规律及新的找矿方向

通过分析鲁东地区金矿成矿地质条件和区域地球物理场、区域地球化学场特征,并与典型金矿床地质特征进行类比,初步认为胶北隆起的破碎带蚀变岩型（焦家式）和石英脉型（玲珑式）金矿,以及近年来在胶莱盆地周缘找到的蓬家夼金矿床（产在盆缘控制性断裂带中）和发云夼金矿床（产在早白垩世莱阳群砾岩中）,是在早白垩世同一个区域构造应力场下形成的,属同源、同期成矿作用的产物,为同一成矿系列的金矿床组合。胶莱盆地周缘具有源、     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。