煤层底板水害防治智能决策支持系统框架构建

煤层底板突水是华北型煤田煤矿生产过程中一种常见的水害类型,为解决水害防治工程的科学决策问题,进一步提高防治水工程的可靠性,提出构建智能决策支持系统的技术思路。智能决策支持系统是传统决策支持系统与人工智能技术相互融合的产物,在分析底板水害防治决策支持功能需求的基础上,提出“数据-模型-方案”一体化设计流程,从数据导入、模型驱动、智能决策等3个层次构建底板水害防治智能决策支持系统的基本框架。将模型驱动层进一步细分为方法库、模型库、知识图谱构建3项专业化服务,模型库包括底板突水空间点预测模型、疏水降压数值模拟模型、注浆改造工程可靠性分析模型、隔离工程设计模型及底板水害监测预警模型。系统最终输出的决策方案包括底板突水危险性分区、疏水降压Q-t-s方案、区域注浆改造设计及工程可靠性评价、隔离工程设计、底板突水监测预警警情发布。系统通过注浆过程的反馈-控制、突水监测预警的深度学习、疏水降压方案的动态优化等实现其智能决策。智能决策支持系统将会在煤层底板水害防治可靠性保障方面提供新的技术支撑。      

基于ARCGIS的地质灾害防治信息与决策支持系统的研制

提出以四库一体模式实现基于ARCGIS的地质灾害防治决策支持的思路,即以模型为主导,调用方法,提取相关数据计算,对模型进行求解;利用ES对系统判识进行匹配、分析,辅助专家进行决策;将专家决策结果作为知识源提取而存入知识库中.信息系统是整个系统的事务管理层,决策支持系统则是系统应用处理层,两者互为依托.信息系统是决策支持系统的信息源,决策支持系统所产生的结果进入信息系统并对其进行管理,当决策支持系统的模型、方法、知识运作成熟,数据结构化后,又将进入信息系统中,成为信息系统的组成部分.     

决策支持系统在资源评价中的应用

决策支持系统（DSS）是综合利用各种数据、信息、知识和模型技术，辅助决策者解决决策问题的人机交互系统。根据源岩与油气藏的空间组合关系建立模型，将盆地与油气藏模拟技术与决策支持系统的思想相结合建立资源评价系统，能将盆地模拟技术与地质描述技术有机结合起来，可以有效地避免纯正演模拟带来的偏差。     

京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统研究

京津唐地区水资源规划是一个影响这一地区工农业发展和人民生活的多目标、大时空跨度的复杂问题.采用系统论的观点对这一问题进行了分析,并采用原型方法建立了京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统.系统由交互式对话子系统、数据库、模型库、方法库和知识库组成.模型库中装有系统动力学和多目标优化等模型;方法库中装有密切值法和两两比较法等,用于方案的排序;知识库中存贮着用于决策支持的知识.重点介绍京津唐水资源决策支持系统的逻辑和结构.     

岩石边坡基质-植被-大气系统的水分循环

基质-植被系统是岩石边坡植被护坡工程的主要功能构件,其水分循环过程影响工程效应的实现.以高羊茅为建植植物,用TDR水分测定仪对不同表面处理、不同坡度的模拟边坡进行了1年的定位观测试验,研究了岩石边坡基质-植被-大气系统的水分循环过程.结果显示:坡度是影响岩石边坡基质-植被-大气系统水分循环的主要制约因素,坡度增加不仅降低坡面的实际受雨量,同时影响基质的水分输入,系统的蒸散量随坡度增加而降低,但变化幅度较小;试验地气象条件下,生长季的自然降水可满足45°及0°坡面植被所需,75°坡面则出现水分亏缺;由于基质良好的水分物理特性,坡面产流为蓄满产流,受降雨特征及基质初期含水量的影响较小,在同一时空条件下,不同坡面处理的基质含水量表现出微小差异,为喷射混凝土面>灰岩>砂岩.研究从水分循环角度提出了植被护坡技术应用的工程调整措施,为工程应用提供了必要的技术理论支持.     

Decision-support systems for groundwater protection: innovative tools for resource management

Governmental authorities are forced by law to make decisions within the framework of European, national and regional directives in the fields of spatial planning, groundwater and environmental protection. These tasks can be supported by a decision-support system, which integrates data from various sources and helps to make decision processes more effective and transparent. Basic work for such a decision support system has been done in a transnational and interdisciplinary project (Interreg II C: KATER), including metadata definition, metadata system, cartographic tools and GIS tools. The direct integration of these tools and information in the decision process will be implemented in the next few years (project KATER II).     

基于案例的边坡治理方案选择决策支持系统研究

边坡治理是边坡工程研究的核心问题,其治理方案的选择直接关系到边坡治理的成功与否。边坡的治理需要很丰富的经验和知识,但知识的获取一直是边坡治理决策的瓶颈问题。长期以来,边坡治理工程实践已积累了大量的工程案例,这些案例中蕴涵了大量的经验和知识,急需挖掘与开发,并应用于边坡治理决策中,进而指导边坡治理工程实践。为此,针对边坡治理决策中的边坡治理方案选择问题,提出了一种基于案例的边坡治理方案选择系统,用以对边坡治理方案选择提供有效的决策支持。该研究具有较好的工程应用价值。     

A decision support system for geotechnical applications

A knowledge-based system shell called ‘Confound’ has been developed for the production of decision support systems. It was initially used for developing a system for conceptual foundation design but has subsequently been used for retaining wall, expansive soil and ground investigation applications. It uses a hierarchical object-oriented knowledge base where each object represents a decision in the decision making process. A simple rule-based approach is used to provide advice on the suitability of each potential choice, based on project specific information that is provided by the user. Confound has the ability to work with incomplete information and uses a system of confidence levels so that the user is aware of the confidence with which each piece of advice is given. Conflicting information in areas where knowledge is poorly defined can also be handled. Confound is designed to leave the user in full control. It simply provides comments on suitability (with an indication of confidence) and leaves the final decision to the user.     

A decision support system for assessing and managing environment risk cross borders

Risk assessment and management, are increasingly established as key procedures in dealing with the range of environmental issues at different scales and of different nature. Although at the EU and international policy level requirements for the use of risk assessment and management are being established through emerging policy and legislation, this demand has not been followed with common guidance on how to do so. This has proven to hinder the effective adoption of such processes, and posed a barrier more so in its implementation for large transboundary issues. In this paper is presented a Decision Support System (DSS) designed to provide a common framework and procedure for environmental risk assessment and management. The DSS is web-based and was developed to enable the formalized and more systematic utilization of risk assessment and management procedures in environmental decision making processes, in particular for users such as public authority officials charged with the responsibility of implementing risk management legal and policy obligations, yet which have limited know how in the field of risk. The DSS presented herein enables environmental administrators and decision makers to undertake generic risk assessment and management identifying areas where detailed risk assessment is required, proposing as well as appropriate risk management options. The web DSS was developed and piloted as part of the STRiM project funded by the European Union. Herein are shown results from the web application which has been trailed successfully in four pilot trials addressing risks of forest damage from storms, water pollution from olive mill waste discharges, wetland loss from water abstraction, and damage from flooding.     

油轮实时监控及生产调度决策支持系统设计与实现

主要介绍了GIS和决策支持在海洋石油开发船舶监控与调度领域的应用,结合GPS卫星定位技术、GSM全球移动通讯技术、GIS地理信息技术及计算机网络通信与数据处理技术,设计实现了一套远程监控调度决策系统。系统包括油轮实时监控和生产调度决策二个子系统,这里分别从硬件和软件二个角度对系统进行了描述,并对生产调度决策支持的简单设计模式进行了论述。实际运用证明,该系统能够较好的解决在海洋石油开采中,石油运输所存在的部分问题。     

河北平原区域地下水资源决策支持系统设计与开发

以河北平原水资源决策支持系统为例，介绍在地理信息系统平台上，如何结合地下水资源管理、决策的具体需求，构建一个可以实现对地下水资源进行管理、决策的支持系统，并系统介绍了系统平台的选取、决策支持系统结构的组成框架、空间数据库的组成等基本思路，重点介绍了 模型库、方法库的设计与开发技术过程，最后分析了河北平原区域地下水资源决策支持系统的应用，认为实例对类似地区建立水资源与环境管理的决策支持系统有很好的借鉴作用。     

基于GIS的城市规划空间辅助决策平台

城市规划管理工作越来越复杂, 利用GIS和数据库技术建立空间辅助决策平台来处理规划管理业务显得尤为迫切。介绍了空间决策支持系统(spatial decision support system, SDSS), SDSS是通过空间数据引擎(spatial data engine, SDE) 建立与商用数据库的关系与存储, 其结果体现利用了GIS的VRML和3D技术, 设计出城市规划空间辅助决策软件平台的体系结构和应用模型.文章提出了决策平台核心内容在于建立成熟完备的决策模型库和决策算子的实现过程, 以及计算结果的多样化表达.通过决策软件平台的建立能够为城市规划管理决策提供客观准确的理论依据, 为决策者科学决策奠定基础.      

Embedding a Geographic Information System in a Decision Support System for Landslide Hazard Monitoring

In this paper we present an application that exploitsa geographic information system as a front-end of acomplex information system supporting the managementof landslide hazard in Valtellina, an alpine valley inNorthern Italy.A decision support system (EYDENET, operational sinceOctober 1996), incorporating a geographic informationsystem and a data interpreter based on artificialintelligence techniques, processes the readings of the250 most significant instruments of a monitoring netof about 1000 sensors installed on differentlandslides in several alpine valleys.Data gathered by extensometers, clinometers andpluviometers, to check both movements of rocks andclimatic conditions which could affect them, areprocessed by EYDENET, that provides on-lineinterpretation of data, helps the users analyse them,and generates natural language explanations and alarmmessages for the people responsible for theenvironmental management and the civil protection.     

基于GIS的滑坡综合预测预报信息系统

由于滑坡的复杂性、随机性和不确定性,加之目前的滑坡灾害预测预报理论研究还存在局限性,大大增加了滑坡预报的难度。本文针对目前滑坡预测预报研究中的不足,提出了滑坡综合预测预报信息系统,并对该系统的结构、功能和内容等进行了详尽地设计和开发。滑坡综合预测预报信息系统以G IS为平台,利用智能决策支持系统的理论和方法将以监测资料为依据的滑坡定量预报与以专家经验知识为依据的滑坡定性预报有机结合起来,做到了各取所长,优势互补,实现了滑坡的综合预测预报,提高了滑坡的预报水平。运用该系统不仅可以判断滑坡体的变形破坏机制、目前的稳定性状况和破坏概率,而且可以对滑坡体的变形演化阶段以及滑动时间作出预测预报,从而给滑坡现场工程师的综合判断和决策提供了重要的参考和有关科学依据的实用化工具。     

传统护坡与生态护坡在护岸设计中的组合应用

该文对传统护坡和生态护坡进行了比较分析,并以重庆市江津区大肚子河整治工程为实例,说明2种护坡组合应用可以扬长避短,为今后水利工程建设提供了较好的参考。     

Site Soundings Density for Geotechnical Investigation with Combined Fuzzy and Probabilistic Input Information

A fuzzy sets decision support system is proposed for geotechnical site investigation. The system considers parameters such as geology and soil variability that affect the required number of soundings to adequately characterize a site. It permits also to consider vagueness and lack of information. On the basis of available qualitative and quantitative information, the system allows estimating, for common projects, the number of site soundings. Monte Carlo simulations of entry ranges, where each point has a uniform probability distribution, permit to arrange the output in form of histograms fitted with probability functions. The cases presented show that the fuzzy inference system can be used as a systematic decision support for engineers dealing with site characterization.     

ICT-Based Remediation with Knowledge Information Management for Contaminated Groundwater

ICT-based remediation with knowledge information management is presented for the pump-and-treat method of contaminated groundwater. The usefulness of ICT is discussed for monitoring contaminants and groundwater level, transferring data between the remediation well and the remote remediation center, and decision support analysis for controlling the remediation well. A prototype system was developed and applied to field measurement. The prototype system performed reliably for ~600 days. As a decision support analysis, a fuzzy inference model is discussed. The membership functions were determined based on simple reliability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed method was assessed by numerical simulations. The simulation results suggest that the proposed method is likely to reduce the pumped quantity compared to PID control or an engineer’s empirical knowledge. Analysis results are also shown for cancer risks from contaminants and ground settlement risks due to excess pumping up of groundwater.     

利用面向对象技术研究开发水量调度决策支持系统

面向对象技术改变了以往软件系统分析、系统设计、系统开发的方式,大大提高开发的效率和维护的便利,因此从面向对象技术诞生以来,就在软件系统开发中得到了愈来愈多的应用。利用面向对象技术和可视化编程语言Visual FoxPro和Visual Basic进行水量调度决策支持系统的研究和开发,可以充分发挥面向对象技术的特点和可视化编程语言的长处,缩短开发周期,提高人机交互的友善性和系统的可扩充性,是进行水量调度系统开发的有效方法。     

基于GIS的水资源管理信息系统

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）因为其强大的空间数据处理能力,为水资源管理提供了一个新颖、高效的工具。本文深入ＧＩＳ的功能和水资源管理的实际,通过山西汾阳县的应用实例,阐述了应用ＡｒｃｈＩｎｆｏ／ＡｒｃＶｉｅｗ构建水资源管理信息系统过程中的信息收集、储存、分析以及二次开发的方法和过程,分析了两者结合应用的可行性和优越性,并讨论了这种方法在水资源系统模拟、辅助决策支持等方面的广泛应用前景。     

Integrating GIS and DSS for identification of suitable areas for artificial recharge,case study Meimeh Basin,Isfahan, Iran

Flood spreading is an inexpensive method for flood mitigation and artificial recharge of aquifers that results in a large budget return for relatively small investment.It is necessary to study some regional characteristics in order to determine the appropriate areas for artificial groundwater recharge by flood spreading in Meimeh Basin, Isfahan Province, Iran. Necessary regional characteristics to be studied are: slope, infiltration rate, sediment thickness, transmissivity, and water quality. In this research to identify suitable areas for artificial recharge several thematic layers were prepared, assigning each layer to one of the mentioned characteristics. The thematic layers were classified to several classes based on the existing criteria. All of the classes of the thematic layers were integrated and analyzed using a decision support system (DSS) in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. Finally suitability of the integrated classes for artificial recharge was identified in which the following classes were separated:(i) Very suitable, (ii) suitable, (iii) moderate suitability, and (iv) unsuitable.The validity of the generated model was verified by applying the model to a number of successful floodwater spreading stations throughout Iran. The verified model showed satisfactory results for all of the stations. The results for Meimeh Basin showed that about 70% of the Quaternary sediments in the studied area are suitable and moderately suitable for artificial recharge by flood spreading.