华北板块与西伯利亚板块缝合带之地球物理特征

内蒙古地域辽阔,全区跨越了西伯利亚、华北、哈萨克斯坦、塔里木四大板块。受多期构造运动影响,地质构造环境极其复杂。历年来关于华北板块、西伯利亚板块缝合带界限的位置,始终是地质工作者讨论的热点。笔者从地球物理学的角度,分析了华北板块与西伯利亚板块缝合带之地球物理场(重磁场)特征,认为西拉木伦河断裂带应是华北板块与西伯利亚板块的终极缝合带。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区恩格尔乌苏缝合带二叠纪放射虫及其地质意义

报道了采自恩格尔乌苏缝合带的蛇绿混杂岩硅质外来岩块中的二叠纪阿尔拜虫目放射虫化石,包括3属7种,可以划分为2个放射虫化石组合,能够与日本、美国的放射虫化石带进行对比,其地质时代分别为早二叠世和中二叠世晚期-晚二叠世早期。恩格尔乌苏缝合带位于华北板块和塔里木板块之间,这些放射虫化石的发现为研究恩格尔乌苏缝合带的构造演化提供了新的证据。鉴于其中最新的放射虫组合的地质时代为中二叠世晚期-晚二叠世早期,认为华北板块与塔里木板块之间自中二叠世晚期-晚二叠世早期曾经存在古海洋,即华北板块和塔里木板块的拼合时间是晚二叠世晚期。     

新疆卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带中硅质岩的放射虫化石

新疆卡拉麦里构造带在奇台县南明水地区可划分为三个岩石一构造单元：①北带，由中泥盆世复理石组成；②南带，由中泥盆世—早石炭世沉积岩—火山质碎屑岩组成；③蛇绿岩带。三者之间均为断裂接触。蛇绿岩套上部单元的红色硅质岩中发现丰富的放射虫化石，经鉴定，其时代确定为晚泥盆世法门期一早石炭世杜内期，代表卡拉麦里蛇绿岩形成的晚期年龄。     

中国的混杂地质体

<正> 随着板块构造学说的问世和发展,混杂地质体愈来愈引起构造地质学者的浓厚兴趣,因为它是古俯冲带或缝合带的主要标志之一。最早研究混杂地质体的当推Griesbash、Diener 和Middlemiss(1883),Kaufmann(1886)在描述阿尔卑斯复理石中的杂乱堆积物时,启用了“野复理石”(Wildflysch),Greenly(1919)首次将“melange”一词引入混杂地质体的研究中,Flores(1955)提出了滑混堆积(Olistostrome)的概念。板块构造学说问世以后,许靖华(1     

On Palaeozoic Tectonics in the Alxa Region, Inner Mongolia, China

Two ophiolitic melange belts in the Late Carboniferous formations have been discovered recently in the Alxa region. One is in the Engger Us fault and possesses properties of oceanic crust. The other is in the Badain Jaran fault and shows properties of a back-arc basin. These two faults, together with the Yagan fault, constitute the important boundaries of tectonic units in the Alax region. The four tectonic units delimited by these faults are different in rock assemblages, metamorphism and geochemistry. They reflect the nature of tectonic environments in which they are found. The tectonic units may be traced and correlated to the eastern and western neighbouring areas. The formation and evolution process of the units and their interaction in the Alxa region may be described in terms of the evolution of the Palaeo-Mongolian Ocean and its continental margins.     

通安-小关河元古代碰撞缝合线的发现及其地质意义

在四川南部地区发现了从通安延伸到小关河的蛇绿混杂带,它可能代表了元古代的一条碰撞缝合带。这条东西延伸的缝合带的证据是:1.残留洋壳经消减、冲断形成的蛇绿混杂带;2.该带两侧的地层有明显的差异;3.强烈变形的冲断褶皱带;4.变质程度在两侧有明显的不同;5.有类似于阿巴拉契亚山带的夹心糕式模式,依次为南部的被动边缘的俯冲表壳岩系、中间的蛇绿混杂带和北部的上冲基底。上述证据说明通安-小关河蛇绿混杂带代表了两个陆壳地质体的碰撞缝合带,碰撞事件的年龄大约为距今1000Ma。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗两种不同成因类型金矿

在内蒙古苏尼特左旗南部,近年来发现了白音宝力道和巴彦哈尔等多处金矿床。白音宝力道金矿位于苏尼特左旗蛇绿混杂岩带北侧,而巴彦哈尔金矿位于该蛇绿混杂岩带西部。苏尼特左旗蛇绿混杂岩带被认为是西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间的苏尼特左旗-贺根山缝合带的组成部分。通过综合研究认为,苏尼特左旗存在两种不同成因类型的金矿:一种是以白音宝力道金矿为代表的、与形成于早古生代岛弧的花岗斑岩有关的中温热液型金矿;另一种是以巴彦哈尔为代表的、与侵入于蛇绿混杂岩带中的晚古生代中晚期花岗斑岩有关的浅成低温热液型金矿。     

Subduction,ophiolite genesis and collision history of Tethys adjacent to the Eurasian continental margin: new evidence from the Eastern Pontides,Turkey

This paper presents several types of new information including U–Pb radiometric dating of ophiolitic rocks and an intrusive granite, micropalaeontological dating of siliceous and calcareous sedimentary rocks, together with sedimentological, petrographic and structural data. The new information is synthesised with existing results from the study area and adjacent regions (Central Pontides and Lesser Caucasus) to produce a new tectonic model for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic development of this key Tethyan suture zone.

The Tethyan suture zone in NE Turkey (Ankara–Erzincan–Kars suture zone) exemplifies stages in the subduction, suturing and post-collisional deformation of a Mesozoic ocean basin that existed between the Eurasian (Pontide) and Gondwanan (Tauride) continents. Ophiolitic rocks, both as intact and as dismembered sequences, together with an intrusive granite (tonalite), formed during the Early Jurassic in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) setting within the ?zmir–Ankara–Erzincan ocean. Basalts also occur as blocks and dismembered thrust sheets within Cretaceous accretionary melange. During the Early Jurassic, these basalts erupted in both a SSZ-type setting and in an intra-plate (seamount-type) setting. The volcanic-sedimentary melange accreted in an open-ocean setting in response to Cretaceous northward subduction beneath a backstop made up of Early Jurassic forearc ophiolitic crust. The Early Jurassic SSZ basalts in the melange were later detached from the overriding Early Jurassic ophiolitic crust.

Sedimentary melange (debris-flow deposits) locally includes ophiolitic extrusive rocks of boninitic composition that were metamorphosed under high-pressure low-temperature conditions. Slices of mainly Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks within the suture zone are interpreted as a deformed forearc basin that bordered the Eurasian active margin. The basin received a copious supply of sediments derived from Late Cretaceous arc volcanism together with input of ophiolitic detritus from accreted oceanic crust.

Accretionary melange was emplaced southwards onto the leading edge of the Tauride continent (Munzur Massif) during latest Cretaceous time. Accretionary melange was also emplaced northwards over the collapsed southern edge of the Eurasian continental margin (continental backstop) during the latest Cretaceous. Sedimentation persisted into the Early Eocene in more northerly areas of the Eurasian margin.

Collision of the Tauride and Eurasian continents took place progressively during latest Late Palaeocene–Early Eocene. The Jurassic SSZ ophiolites and the Cretaceous accretionary melange finally docked with the Eurasian margin. Coarse clastic sediments were shed from the uplifted Eurasian margin and infilled a narrow peripheral basin. Gravity flows accumulated in thrust-top piggyback basins above accretionary melange and dismembered ophiolites and also in a post-collisional peripheral basin above Eurasian crust. Thickening of the accretionary wedge triggered large-scale out-of-sequence thrusting and re-thrusting of continental margin and ophiolitic units. Collision culminated in detachment and northward thrusting on a regional scale.

Collisional deformation of the suture zone ended prior to the Mid-Eocene (~45?Ma) when the Eurasian margin was transgressed by non-marine and/or shallow-marine sediments. The foreland became volcanically active and subsided strongly during Mid-Eocene, possibly related to post-collisional slab rollback and/or delamination. The present structure and morphology of the suture zone was strongly influenced by several phases of mostly S-directed suture zone tightening (Late Eocene; pre-Pliocene), possible slab break-off and right-lateral strike-slip along the North Anatolian Transform Fault.

In the wider regional context, a double subduction zone model is preferred, in which northward subduction was active during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, both within the Tethyan ocean and bordering the Eurasian continental margin.     

~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SUTURE ZONE, LADAKH, INDIA

~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SUTURE ZONE, LADAKH, INDIA1　TalatAhmedetal.GeochemicalJournal,1999. 2　HoneggerK ,etal.EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,1982 ,6 0 :2 53. 3　SearleMP ,etal.GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin ,1987,98:6 78. 4　SharmaK ,K .PhysicsandChemistryoftheEarth ,1990 ,17( 2 ) :133. 5　Venkatesan ,etal.EarthandPlanetSciLett,1993,119:181.…     

秦岭造山带晋宁期加里东期板块汇聚及成矿关系

本文根据重大地质问题野外地质调研、锆石SHRIMP年代学与岩石地球化学研究,揭示出秦岭造山带腹地明显存在晋宁期和加里东期的两期叠加板块汇聚结合带。新提出晋宁期具主次两条板块汇聚结合带,系中新元古宙古中华陆块群裂解—古秦岭多岛洋形成（1800-940 Ma）,可识别出具蛇绿岩、岛弧火山岩与深成侵入岩、陆缘弧变质地层四位一体的组合,时空紧密关联。北部即古华北南缘古商丹带,沿北秦岭南缘被后者商丹带重叠,南部为古扬子西北缘板块汇聚结合带,总体延伸近北东向,从三湾（西乡）、黑木林、峡口驿、三岔子、鞍子山、马道、佛坪至小磨岭以东。其南段受扬子地块燕山期向北推挤位错,三湾蛇绿构造混杂岩带呈构造窗出露,中段遭晚期东西向勉略带构造捋顺。而早古生代Rodinia超大陆裂解——原特提斯洋形成（561-447）,认为消失的原特提斯洋是中国最具规模的早古生代大洋,商丹—昆南板块汇聚带,便是中国大陆造山带最重要的一条大地构造界线。研究了两期板块汇聚结合带分布与区域成矿关系,对铁、铜、镍钴等区域成矿前景赋予新的启示。     

新疆古生物地理与大地构造演化

根据古生物群的组成和特征,新疆可以分为阿尔泰区,准噶尔-天山区、塔里木区和昆仑山-喀喇昆仑山区。晚志留世末期,塔里木区与准噶尔-天山区拼结,形成蛇绿混杂岩和双变质带。早泥盆世末期,准噶尔-天山区俯冲于阿尔泰区之下,并形成双变质带和蛇绿岩套。早白垩世末期,昆仑山-喀刺昆仑山区俯冲于塔里木区之下,并形成蛇绿岩带。     

恩格尔乌苏冲断带特征及大地构造意义

研究表明恩格尔乌苏冲断带是华北板块和塔里木板块的缝合线,北东东向断续延长800km以上。该冲断带连同南北陆缘地带构造构成典型的陆-弧-陆碰撞造山带,与碰撞造山作用同时,形成区域性透入性劈理。地层学和同位素地质年代学资料表明,碰撞造山作用发生于海西末期或印支早期。碰撞造山作用的动力学过程主要表现为向南的洋壳俯冲和向北的陆壳仰冲,并伴随右旋剪切滑移运动。恩格尔乌苏混杂岩带为韧性-韧脆性冲断推覆构造,其北侧的前陆褶皱冲断带为脆性-脆韧性冲断推覆及褶皱构造。     

山系的形成与板块构造碰撞无关

本文根据对中国重要蛇绿岩带的观察,并参考大量国内外文献,对板块构造学说的造山模式提出了否定意见,认为古老山系和现代山系的形成都与板块构造碰撞无关,并提出大陆内部山系形成与盆地形成研究的必要性。     

秦岭造山带勉略缝合带构造变形与造山过程

秦岭晚古生代以来造山过程中的构造变形研究对建立华北板块与华南板块之间的最终拼合过程尤为重要。为此，选择勉略带进行了详细的野外调查，对其物质组成，几何学结构，变形序列，运动学和动力学作了系统解剖，认为：勉略带是有一定宽度，由一定实体组成的蛇构造混杂岩带，它包括不同时代，不同构造背景，不同起源的一系列构造岩片，如：基底岩片组，洋壳岩片组，岛弧岩片组，碰撞构造沉积楔形体，大陆边缘岩片组，它们被一系列的北倾南冲的断裂分割。勉略带到－高川段的北倾南冲逆冲断裂和勉略带北部南倾北冲的逆冲断裂组合成为现今不对称的正花状几何学结构，但勉略带的北界状元碑断裂和南界 到－略阳断裂走滑特征明显。结合勉略带邻区的构造特征，分别对带内重要断裂及岩片的构造解析表明，除主造山的大地构造演化阶段外，可将勉略带构造变形序列及演化历程总体归纳为三大阶段：俯冲变形阶段，主造山碰撞变形阶段的陆内造山调整变形阶段，并对不同变表阶段的时限，变形特征，运动学和动力学分别作了描述；最后针对该区复杂的楔入，挤出（逃逸）走滑，逆冲过程，提出了一个统一的动力学演化模式。     

再论甘肃省的板块构造

甘肃省的构造部位独特,构造形迹十分复杂。本文在总结前人研究成果和结合近年来的研究进展的基础上,对甘肃省中生代以前的古板块构造重新研究,认为甘肃省地处西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦、塔里木、华北、柴达木—祁连和扬子6个板块的交汇处。红石山蛇绿岩带以北属西伯利亚板块,柳园—大奇山—帐房山蛇绿岩带以南属塔里木板块,西伯利亚板块和塔里木板块之间是哈萨克斯坦板块,阿尔金走滑断裂、龙首山断裂及北祁连走廊南山—毛毛山蛇绿岩带中东段以南属于柴达木—祁连板块,龙首山断裂及北祁连走廊南山—毛毛山蛇绿岩带中东段以北属华北板块,西秦岭北缘天水关子镇蛇绿岩带是柴达木—祁连板块和扬子板块的分界。又据板内的深断裂和建造特点进一步划分为12个二级单元和22个三级单元。     

北山地区早古生代板块构造特征

位于甘肃省西北边界和内蒙古自治区西端的北山地区,早古生代大地构造单元由塔里木板块东段北缘和北侧贝加尔期分裂出来的旱山微板块组成,其间被石板井-小黄山蛇绿混杂岩带所分隔。在漫长的构造演化进程中发育有蛇绿岩带。同时,经历了大西洋型、安第斯型(?)和西太平洋型大陆边缘的演化阶段,陆壳增厚,地壳成熟度增加,由大洋地壳和过渡型地壳向大陆型地壳转化。晚古生代初,全区进入板内活动时期。     

川西南乡城——得荣地区的两种混杂岩及其构造意义

混杂岩或混杂堆积是一种奇特的地质现象。早在一个世纪以前,就有过描述和讨论。但是,直到板块构造提出之前,混杂岩没有得到合理的解释。就目前所知,我国台湾、祁连山、西秦岭、喜马拉雅山等地都有混杂岩分布。笔者通过近三年来在金沙江沿岸的地质填图及专题研究证实,四川乡城、得荣一带是混杂岩分布的又一典型地区。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区恩格尔乌苏缝合带二叠纪放射虫及其地质意义

报道了采自恩格尔乌苏缝合带的蛇绿混杂岩硅质外来岩块中的二叠纪阿尔拜虫目放射虫化石,包括3属7种,可以划分为2个放射虫化石组合,能够与日本、美国的放射虫化石带进行对比,其地质时代分别为早二叠世和中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期。恩格尔乌苏缝合带位于华北板块和塔里木板块之间,这些放射虫化石的发现为研究恩格尔乌苏缝合带的构造演化提供了新的证据。鉴于其中最新的放射虫组合的地质时代为中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期,认为华北板块与塔里木板块之间自中二叠世晚期—晚二叠世早期曾经存在古海洋,即华北板块和塔里木板块的拼合时间是晚二叠世晚期。     

阿拉善地块北缘的蛇绿混杂岩带及其大地构造意义

阿拉善地块北缘新近发现两条蛇绿混杂岩带,即恩格尔乌苏蛇绿混杂岩带和查干础鲁蛇绿混杂岩带。这两条蛇绿混杂岩带在地球化学特征和构造特征等方面都有各自的特点。前者规模巨大,表现为洋壳的性质,是华北地台和中亚陆块的最终缝台线;后者表现为弧后小洋盆的性质,是华北地台北缘的一条岛弧和地台的缝合线。这两条蛇绿混杂岩带的发现,以及对它们性质的研究。对该区的构造单元划分和大地构造演化研究有着重要的意义。并为邻区的对比研究提供了依据。     

中国板块构造研究的某些新进展

<正> 1972年尹赞勋综合大量国外资料,在我国首次较系统地介绍了板块构造理论,接着李春昱、傅承义等又著文进一步介绍板块构造的基本理论,在我国广大地质工作者中引起了强烈的反响。由于当时还处在十年动乱时期,板块构造这一新兴学说得不到应有的重视,研究工作未能广泛开展,只有局部地区的探索。李春昱先生不顾古稀之年,带领西北地质研究所少数几人,首先开展了祁连山—秦岭地区的板块构造研究工作,这对我国板块构造研究起了先锋作用。