基于GPRS/GPS的海上移动目标监测系统设计

提出了一种运用GPRS/GPS技术实现海上移动目标监控及位置测量的系统设计方案,介绍了监测系统的结构组成及工作原理,阐述了系统嵌入式平台搭建、GPS定位数据获取以及利用GPRS无线通信技术实现远距离数据传输的方案设计与实现,并提出了对海上移动目标异常状况的判断和处理方法。该方案能够满足海上移动目标远程监控及位置测量的要求,并可以有效地降低成本,便于在实际中进行推广和应用。     

浅谈浅海桩基导管架式采油平台的施工安装

桩基导管架式采油平台是海上油气生产的主要设施,它在胜利油田海上石油开发中发挥了重要的作用。文中主要通过对导管架平台施工安装工艺过程和要求进行了探讨,并简单介绍了导管架式采油平台的结构,并根据以往胜利油田海上导管架平台施工的经验和特点,结合该区域的实际情况及有关规定要求,按照导管架的施工安装原则,对导管架陆上制作过程中的下料、组装和探伤等方面进行了概述,对导管架海上施工过程中的装船、运输、定位、吊装、打桩、灌浆等方面进行了详细的分析和探讨,并结合有关法规和标准的要求,提出了一套合理的导管架海上施工安装工艺。     

海上风电基础结构安全监测系统开发与应用研究

海上风电基础结构的安全是风电场安全运营的重中之重,因此需要对海上风电基础结构的受力状态、振动状态、腐蚀情况进行实时、准确的监测,文章基于以上需求,开发一套基于物联网技术和云平台技术的海上风电基础结构安全监测系统,可满足海上风电基础结构安全自动监测的要求,集数据实时监测与传输、远程测控、数据分析与预警等功能于一体,可远程读取风机基础结构在各种工况下的结构安全数据,并进行结构安全评估、分析,为全面分析风机基础结构的寿命及安全性提供了数据支撑。     

桶形基础平台负压沉贯数据分析处理系统

介绍了桶形基础平台负压沉贯数据分析处理系统的组成及数据分析处理方法.该数据分析处理系统是为保证海上桶形基础平台现场施工能顺利沉贯到位而研制,可对海上平台现场施工过程进行实时监测,对沉贯数据进行快速分析、处理,并根据桶形基础平台状态对负压沉贯过程进行智能控制.     

桶形基础平台负压沉贯数据分析处理系统

介绍了桶形基础平台负压沉贯数据分析处理系统的组成及数据分析处理方法。该数据分析处理系统是为保证海上桶形基础平台现场施工能顺利沉贯到位而研制,可对海上平台现场施工过程进行实时监测,对沉贯数据进行快速分析、处理,并根据桶形基础平台状态对负压沉贯过程进行智能控制。     

船舶与海上移动平台焊接系数安全性验证研究

建立一套验证船体结构与海上移动平台规范焊缝安全性的理论方法,提出了船体与海上移动平台结构焊缝应力计算的3种模型和焊缝应力计算方法,确定了焊缝强度的应力标准。通过5个板条梁和4个短柱的焊缝强度试验,验证了焊缝的强度标准、焊缝应力公式的正确性和适用性。进行了11艘船体结构焊缝应力的提取和焊接系数利用因子的计算,获得了船体结构各类角焊缝利用因子的统计结果,证明现有规范的焊接系数符合GBS的要求。     

老龄自升式平台极限承载能力与体系可靠性分析

通过海洋平台桩-土非线性弹簧模型的研究,结合桩基荷载-位移数据计算程序的编制,为工程实际应用提供简便可靠的方法。对某自升式钻井平台在完好状态和受损状态下的极限承载能力作了对比研究,通过逐级增加载荷的方法,基于精确计算模型对平台结构进行非线性分析,具体依据载荷类型、载荷作用力方向等,得到12种计算工况,研究老龄平台在受损状态下对强度储备的影响,并评估其安全状况。考虑外界荷载的随机性和不确定性,基于极限承载能力分析,采用等效荷载法,运用JC法进行平台体系可靠性计算,分析完好平台与老龄平台的结构体系可靠性,并作对比研究。     

适于海上边际油田开发的平台选型与结构计算

通过对边际油田特点和近海结构形式的深入研究,提出适合于海上边际油田的结构形式和开发思路。简易平台和小型浮式生产系统等结构的设计与应用,使得海上中小型孤立小油田的开发安全可行且有利可图。然而渤海油气田有其自身特点,设计一种集采油、生产、储油等多功能于一体的新型移动式平台,也为我国边际油田的高效开发提供了新的思路。在总体性能分析的基础上,对该平台展开结构计算,使其满足强度要求,为将来的实际应用提供理论支持。     

海上固定油气开采设施结构完整性管理分析

在对美国海上固定油气开采设施安全监管体系和业界相关标准、规范研究的基础上,结合我国海洋油气工程开发的特点,提出了适合国内海上固定设施的结构完整性管理的先进理念,并建议从国内立法、海洋工程业界规范、标准完善以及业主安全管理意识提升等几个方面加强国内海上固定设施的结构安全性管理,对保障我国海洋油气安全生产具有重要意义。     

三桩筒型基础平台的结构和拖航稳性分析与应用

以渤海湾应用的典型三桩筒型基础为例,通过结构静力分析和拖航稳性分析,推导出结构浮运重量与吃水对应关系,为结构设计和浮运施工方案提供理论依据。现场施工证明了计算分析的正确性,并对渤海近年该典型结构海上成功应用实例进行介绍,以期开阔工程技术人员海上简易平台设计思路,为极浅海海洋工程技术提供有益参考。     

Discussion on key points of wind load of jack-up unit

The anti-overturning ability and structure safety of jack-up unit in in-place condition are often affected by environment loads, especially wind load. According to the MODU rule, the projected area method is used for calculating the wind load. However, the calculated results are conservative and not good for structure optimization design. In this paper, a 400 ft jack-up is studied as an example. Based on the wind tunnel test and numerical simulation method, some key points of wind load calculation, such as shielding effect, lift effect and shape coefficient of component, are discussed. The study shows that the points mentioned above, which are ignored in the MODU rule calculation, result in the conservative result.     

Numerical prediction of MODUs drift during Hurricane Katrina

Severe hurricanes, such as Katrina, broke the mooring lines of a number of mobile offshore drilling units (MODU) deployed in the Gulf of Mexico and some of those MODUs went adrift. A drifting MODU may damage other critical elements of the offshore oil and gas infrastructure by colliding with floating or fixed production systems and transportation hubs, or by rupturing pipelines owing to their dragging anchors over the seabed. To avoid or mitigate the damage caused by a drifting MODU, it is desirable to understand the mechanics of the drift of a MODU under the impact of severe wind, wave and current and have the capability of predicting the trajectory of the drift. To explore the feasibility and accuracy of predicting the trajectory of a drifting MODU based on hindcast met-ocean conditions and limited knowledge of the condition of the drifting MODU, this study employed a simplified equation describing only the horizontal (surge, sway and yaw) motions of a MODU under the impact of steady wind, current and wave forces. The simplified hydrodynamic model neglects the first- and second-order oscillatory wave forces, unsteady wind forces (owing to wind gustiness), wave drift damping, and the effects of the body oscillation on the steady wind and current forces. It was assumed that the net effects of the oscillatory forces on the steady motion are insignificant. To verify the accuracy and feasibility of our simplified approach, the predicted drifting trajectories of two MODUs were compared with the corresponding measurements recorded by the global positioning system (GPS).     

强潮高浊度海域坐底结构物稳定性分析

为满足强潮高浊度海域海底观测网布设需求,以潮动力强、泥沙浓度高的舟山群岛螺头水道为例,研究坐底结构物的稳定性。对3种形状的观测网坐底混凝土结构体进行计算分析,结果表明3种结构体抗滑安全系数2.22~7.40,抗倾覆安全系数1.59~1.64,沉降14.32~43.60 mm,地基承载力符合规范要求。针对冲刷可能导致的结构倾斜,建立结构体泥沙冲淤三维数值模型,分析了3种结构体的局部微流场与底床冲淤特性。模型结果表明,3种观测网坐底结构体在强潮流高浊度海域中符合稳定性要求,其中圆台结构体的稳定性最好。     

Legal challenges of carbon capture and storage in the South China Sea region

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one method to reduce CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere. As CCS has the greatest potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, it gains a wide currency in the developed countries. However, the technology for CCS does not spread at the international level especially to the developing countries like South China Sea states. As the CO₂ storage period is quite long and potential environmental risks involved, fully deployed CCS projects need not only the technological support but the appropriate legal and regulatory regime to safeguard CCS operations. This article offers a survey of CCS projects in the South China Sea region and discusses the legal challenges associated with CCS activities in state practice.     

威海船厂万吨级圆弧形滑道设计

该弧形滑道工程设计,成功地解决了大吨位船舶在纵向滑道上墩,下水的问题。对大吨位纵向弧形滑道的结构计算,平面布置及工艺方案等问题进行了详细阐述。     

深远海工程调查作业保障体系探讨

深远海海洋工程活动需要在手续齐全、批文合法的条件下开展作业,但因其面临更为复杂的环境和挑战,建立健全调查作业保障体系十分必要。文章通过分析深远海工程调查作业的类型、特点、需求等,探讨了其保障体系的内容组成,并对船舶及装备保障、组织及人员保障、远海通信保障、调查实施方案保障、质量管理和控制保障、HSE保障、应急预案保障进...     

自升式平台穿刺计算方法探讨

自升式平台的穿刺会对平台结构或桩腿造成不同程度的损伤,因此非常有必要对作业井位进行插桩穿刺安全性评估。在总结国内外穿刺计算方法的基础上,首先分析了接近穿刺状态下上覆砂层的抗剪切能力,对桩基承载力公式进行了修正;然后对穿刺安全系数进行了探讨,推荐了平台作业期处于台风季时采用的安全系数;最后提出了更完善的穿刺分析和作业流程,并以HYSY9××平台在某井位插桩计算为例验证了所提出的方法。     

Investigation on Cutting Stability of Jacket in Decommissioning Process

Jacket cutting operation is one of the most complicated and highest risk operations in the process of decommissioning offshore piled platform, the security and stability of which must be assured. In this paper, the current research on offshore structure removal and jacket cutting is introduced, on the basis of which the types of load along with the load calculation method are determined. The main influences on the stability of a jacket in cutting are analyzed. The experiment test plan is drawn by using orthogonal testing method, and the formula of critical load during the cutting procedure is deduced by differential evolution algorithm. To verify the method and results of this paper, an offshore piled platform to be decommissioned in the South China Sea is taken for an example, and the detailed schedule for jacket cutting is made with the three-dimensional finite element model of the jacket established. The natural frequency, stress, strain and stability of the jacket during cutting process are calculated, which indicates that the results of finite element analysis agree well with that of the deduced formula. The result provides the scientific reference for guaranteeing the safety of jacket in cutting operation.     

The Jebel Hadid structure (Al Kufrah Basin,SE Libya)—A possible impact structure and potential hydrocarbon trap?

The Jebel Hadid structure that formed in the Nubian Sandstone of the southern Al Kufrah Basin is a ∼4.7 km circular feature with a set of multiple concentric annular ridges. The age of the structure is probably post-Early Cretaceous to pre-Pliocene. As the prevalent geological processes that usually account for the formation of circular structures (magmatism, diapirism, sand volcanism, karst dissolution, glacial erosion) can be widely excluded in this region, we suggest that the Jebel Hadid structure might represent an eroded, complex impact structure. In particular, the Jebel Hadid structure bears a strong morphological resemblance to the impact structure of Tin Bider in Algeria; general host rock properties may be compared to those at the Upheaval Dome impact structure, USA. Numerous terrestrial impact structures are hosts to hydrocarbon reservoirs. This investigation provides a first prospective approach based on remote sensing, discussing the economic potential of a circular structure of suspected impact origin. The still underexplored Al Kufrah Basin is considered as a high potential area for future hydrocarbon exploration. If we consider a possible impact origin of the Jebel Hadid structure, this feature might provide local secondary pathways and traps for hydrocarbon migration/accumulation in the Nubian Series and, thus, ought to be considered as a preferential site for oil and gas exploration.     

ROV在我国海洋区域地质调查中的应用

远程遥控水下机器人系统是一种先进的海洋综合调查设备,能够实现海底长时间、高精度的定点取样作业及其他精细调查,在海洋区域地质调查中利用ROV开展高精度海底取样及其环境调查方面具有其他调查设备无法比拟的优越性。ROV具有功能多、综合作业能力强、安全可靠和实时遥控等优点。目前国内利用ROV进行海洋区域地质调查还处于起步阶段,随着ROV在海洋调查中的应用技术不断成熟和完善,利用ROV进行海洋区域地质调查将大大提高海洋区域地质调查的装备水平和调查精度,具有广阔的应用前景。以＂海狮号＂ROV系统为例,介绍其在我国海洋区域地质调查中的典型应用。