东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息地指数模型的比较

根据2009–2011年东太平洋海域长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓的生产数据,结合海洋遥感获得的表温(SST)和海面高度(SSH)的数据,采用外包络法,以投钩数、单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)为适应性指数,按月份分别建立基于SST和SSH的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数(SI)。采用算术平均法(AMM)和几何平均法(GMM)获得基于SST和SSH环境因子的栖息地指数(HSI)综合模型,并以2012年各月生产数据进行模型验证。结果表明,基于两种HSI模型所得的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地综合指数不相同,通过算术平均法的HSI模型,当HSI为0.6以上时,渔获量占总渔获量的87.9%,通过几何平均法的HSI模型,当HSI为0.6以上时,渔获量所占比例为87.2%。算术平均法较GMM更适于东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息地指数模型。     

南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场预报模型研究

长鳍金枪鱼资源是南太平洋金枪鱼渔业的重要目标种类,也是我国金枪鱼延绳钓的主要捕捞对象之一。根据2008-2009年我国海洋渔业公司在南太平洋海域的生产数据,结合表层、105 m和205 m水层温度,以及海面高度、叶绿素a浓度等海洋环境数据,运用一元非线性回归方法,按季度建立基于各环境因子的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数,采用算术平均法获得基于多环境因子的栖息地指数综合模型,并用于中心渔场的预报。通过与实际作业渔场的比较与验证,结果表明:模型预报准确性达到70%以上,具较高渔情预报准确度。     

南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息地指数模型的比较研究

根据1994-2010年南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼生产统计数据,结合海表面温度(SST)和海面高度(SSH)等海洋环境数据,将投放钩数(捕捞努力量)作为适应性指数,采用外包络法,利用算术平均法(AM)、几何平均法(GM)、连乘法(CP)、最大值法(Max)和最小值法(Min)等5种方法建立栖息地指数(HSI)模型。研究表明,通过对这5种方法进行比较,最大值法、算术平均法和几何平均法均得到较好的拟合效果,其中最大值法拟合效果最好,模型的准确度可达到85.2%。研究认为,可基于海表面温度和海面高度等海洋遥感因子,利用最大值法栖息地指数模型,较好地预测南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼中心渔场。     

基于GIS的印度洋大眼金枪鱼延绳钓钓获率与水温关系的研究

采用GIS定性分析和数值分析的方法,研究了印度洋大眼金枪鱼延绳钓钓获率与水温的 关系。结果表明,大眼金枪鱼延绳钓高钓获率的出现与印度洋加权水温大面分布存在明显的相互 关系,大眼金枪鱼的渔获适温在14～17℃间。建议测量200m水深处的水温作为海上生产时的参 考。     

酶解法提取鱼油的工艺参数优化

利用蛋白酶酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)加工的下脚料———鱼头中提取鱼油。以鱼油提取率和感官特征为指标,通过正交优化实验设计,获得了胰蛋白酶提取鱼油的最佳酶解工艺参数:酶解温度45℃,酶添加量1.5%,料液质量比1∶1,酶解时间4 h,酶解pH 8。在该条件下,鱼油的提取率为4.34%,理化指标除过氧化值外均达到SC/T3502-2000的粗鱼油二级标准,多不饱和脂肪酸总含量高达38.47%,其中DHA和EPA的含量分别为23.63%和4.84%。     

酶解法提取鱼油的工艺参数优化

利用蛋白酶酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）加工的下脚料——鱼头中提取鱼油。以鱼油提取率和感官特征为指标，通过正交优化实验设计，获得了胰蛋白酶提取鱼油的最佳酶解工艺参数：酶解温度45℃，酶添加量1．5％．料液质量比1：1，酶解时间4h，酶解pH8。在该条件下．鱼油的提取率为4．34％，理化指标除过氧化值外均达到SC／T3502-2000的粗鱼油二级标准。多不饱和脂肪酸总含量高达38．47％,其中DHA和EPA的含量分别为23．63％和4．84％。     

金枪鱼油的精炼工艺对脂肪酸组成的影响

粗鱼油通过精炼可以除去非甘油三酯杂质成分,研究表明黄鳍金枪鱼鱼油精炼的工艺参数为:800 g/L的H3PO4脱胶,添加量为油量的1%(体积分数);300 g/L的NaOH脱酸,添加量为油量的2%(体积分数);活性土脱色,添加量为油量的10%(质量分数);85℃下减压蒸馏脱臭15 min。经过精炼,鱼油呈淡黄色,澄清透明,有淡鱼腥味,理化指标达到鱼油SC/T3502-2000标准的精制鱼油一级要求,精制鱼油中PUFA的总含量(w)达37.06%,DHA和EPA含量(w)分别为25.10%和4.45%。     

盐度及pH对黄鳍东方纯受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响

比较了不同盐度（5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45）及pH条件（5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0、9.5）下黄鳍东方鲀受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期和孵化率,同时对黄鳍东方鲀初孵仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数SAI值。结果表明,黄鳍东方鲀受精卵孵化的适宜盐度范围是5.0-40.0,适宜pH范围是6.0-8.5;仔鱼生存的适宜盐度为5.0-45.0,适宜pH值是5.5-9.0。     

红鳍笛鲷皮肤色素细胞组成、分布及类胡萝卜素含量分析

【目的】揭示红鳍笛鲷（Lutjanus erythropterus）红体色的分布特征及影响机制。【方法】利用色差仪分别测定背部、腹部和尾部皮肤的体色值,用形态学观察、石蜡切片、冰冻切片和透射电镜切片等方法分析色素细胞组成、分布和数量特征,并使用紫外分光光度法和液相色谱-质谱/质谱法研究类胡萝卜素和体色特征的关系。【结果与结论】红鳍笛鲷体表的红色素细胞显著多于黑色素细胞（P <0.001）,且从背部向腹部逐渐减少,红体色受到黑色素细胞分布的影响;皮肤和视网膜是类胡萝卜素的主要沉积部位,皮肤中类胡萝卜素以脂肪酸结合的形式存在,其中红色类胡萝卜素主要有虾青素、角黄素和β-柠乌素等3种,虾青素和角黄素含量与红色素细胞数量呈正相关。建议在饲料中补充虾青素和角黄素以提升红色。     

多变量分位数回归构建印度洋大眼金枪鱼栖息地指数

以0～300m水层加权平均水温、50～150m水层的温差和氧差及其交互变量为影响因子,运用分位数回归法,寻找出环境变量与大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)延绳钓钓获率的最佳上界分位数回归方程,计算出栖息地指数(HSI),并应用地理信息系统(GIS)软件绘制各月HSI空间分布图。研究表明:大眼金枪鱼延绳钓钓获率(HR)依加权平均水温(x)、温差(y)、氧差(z)与的最佳上界分位数回归方程为HR0.70=-15.596+2.124x-0.003x3+0.033xyz-0.036y2z+0.107yz2-0.337z3;HSI空间分布为:16°S—10°N印度洋海域HSI高于0.7,HSI>0.8的海域随季节发生显著变化,马达加斯加外海至100°E、16°S—26°S海域常年存在一片HSI<0.4的区域,26°S—40°S海域的HSI介于0.4～0.5,40°S以南海域HSI<0.4,东非外海季节性地出现一片HSI<0.6的海域。利用多个环境变量的栖息地指数模型来预测分析大洋金枪鱼资源分布效果较好。     

通用土壤流失方程最新研究改进分析

通用土壤流失方程(USLE)是水动力土壤侵蚀研究领域应用广泛的经验模型。其结构简单,所需输入数据量少,计算结果可满足一定精度下,土壤侵蚀预测的要求。模型的改进使其应用范围扩大,适用性增强,计算精度提高。通用土壤流失方程的发展趋势:其一,传统方法,不改变模型的结构,通过引进合理的新参数或优化参数的取值来提高模型的预测能力;其二,非传统方法,通过模糊逻辑或人工神经网络方法来改变模型的结构,使土壤侵蚀影响因子的确定更加灵活合理,土壤流失量的计算结果更加精确可信。     

一种新的基于模糊分析观测信息的局地化方法

地球表层系统是一个极其复杂的巨系统,为了更精确地表达地球表层系统各种过程的动态演进,解决数据同化系统观测误差的估计与处理已经成为地球科学领域备受关注的问题之一。在地球科学系统数值模拟中,一般采用集合数据同化来探讨地学变量预报时的各种误差。集合类卡尔曼滤波通常会由于集合数过小而带来欠采样、协方差低估、滤波发散和远距离虚假相关等问题。针对背景误差协方差被低估问题,局地分析方法（Local Analysis, LA）在一定程度上能起到抑制作用,但无法彻底解决背景误差协方差的虚假相关问题。因此,本文在集合卡尔曼滤波的算法框架下提出了一种与模糊逻辑控制算法相耦合的局地化分析方法（Fuzzy Analysis, FA）。在强非线性Lorenz-96模型中,对不同模型误差下的LA和FA方法进行了性能优劣方面的探讨,并比较分析了2种方法在集合数、观测数和观测位置、放大因子以及强迫参数变化时的同化性能。实验采用均方根误差作为算法评判依据,同时用功率谱密度（Power Spectral Density, PSD）更直接地对2种算法性能优劣作出了评价。结果表明：在完美模型下,FA相对于LA降低了17.5%的均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error, RMSE）;随着模型误差增大,RMSE减小的百分比和减小幅度都在降低;在严重模型误差下,FA降低了8.6%的RMSE。总体而言,新算法FA的有效性和鲁棒性都得到了验证,并且在EnKF同化基础下有效改进了传统的局地化分析方案,优化了观测误差处理,为今后的数据同化研究提供了一个较为全面的观测误差研究平台。     

APPLICATION OF LEAST MEDIAN OF SQUARED ORTHOGONAL DISTANCE (LMD) AND LMD BASED REWEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES (RLS) METHODS ON THE STOCK RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIP

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｎｄｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｍｏｓｔｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｆｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓｉｓｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｔｏｃｋａｎｄｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｍｅｎｔ(Ｈｉｌｂｏｒｎｅｔａｌ.,1992).Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｔｏｃｋｒｅｃｒｕｉｔｍｅｎｔ(ＳＲ)ｄａｔａｉｓｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｅｎｄｏｎｅｂｙｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｖａｒｉｏｕｓｃｕｒｖｅｓｏｆＳＲｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｔｏｔｈ…     

Analyses of structure of planetary boundary layer in ice camp over Arctic ocean

The vertical structure of Planetary boundary layer over Arctic floating ice is presented by using about 50 atmospheric profiles and relevant data sounded at an ice station over Arctic Ocean from 22 August to 3 September,2003.It shows that the height of the convective boundary layer in day is greater than that of the stability boundary layer in night.The boundary layer can be described as vertical structures of stability,instability and multipling The interaction between relative warm and wet down draft air from up level and cool air of surface layer is significant,which causes stronger wind shear,temperature and humidity inversion with typical wind shear of 10 m/s/100 m,intensity of temperature inversion of 8 ℃/100 m.While the larger pack ice is broken by such process,new ice free area in the high latitudes of arctic ocean.The interactions between air/ice/water are enhanced.The fact helps to understanding characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer and its effect in Arctic floating ice region.     

Evaluating effectiveness of frequency ratio,fuzzy logic and logistic regression models in assessing landslide susceptibility: a case from Rudraprayag district,India

Rudraprayag in Garhwal Himalayan division is one of the most vulnerable districts to landslides in India. Heavy rainfall, steep slope and developmental activities are important factors for the occurrence of landslides in the district. Therefore, specific assessment of landslide susceptibility and its accuracy at regional level is essential for disaster management and proper land use planning. The article evaluates effectiveness of frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and logistic regression models for assessing landslide susceptibility in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand state, India. A landslide inventory map was prepared and verified by field data. Fourteen landslide parameters and generated inventory map were utilized to prepare landslide susceptibility maps through frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and logistic regression models. Landslide susceptibility maps generated through these models were classified into very high, high, medium, low and very low categories using natural breaks classification. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, spatially agreed area approach and seed cell area index (SCAI) method were used to validate the landslide models. Validation results revealed that fuzzy logic model was found to be more effective in assessing landslide susceptibility in the study area. The landslide susceptibility map generated through fuzzy logic model can be best utilized for landslide disaster management and effective land use planning.     

Statistic characteristics of thermal structure in the southern Yellow Sea in summer

Based on the temperature data along 34°N, 35°N and 36°N sections in August from 1977 to 2003, the structure and formation of the Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (SYSCWM) and its responses to El Nino events are analyzed. Results show that: (1) There exist double cold cores under the main thermocline along the 35°N and 36°N sections. Also, double warm cores exist above the main thermocline along the 36°N section. (2) Thermocline dome by upwelling separates the upper warm water into two parts, the eastern and western warm waters. Additionally, the circulation structure caused by upwelling along the cold front and northeastward current along the coast in summer is the main reasons of double warm cores along the 36°N section. The intermediate cold water is formed in early spring and moves eastward slowly, which results in the formation of the western one of double cold cores. (3) Position of the thermocline dome and its intensity vary interannually, which is related to El Nino events. However, the     

Earthquake, strong tide and global low temperature

"La Madre" is a kind of upper atmospheric air current, and occurs as "warm phase" and "cold phase" in the sky of Pacific Ocean alternately. There exists this phenomenon, called "Oscillation Decade in the Pacific" (ODP), for 20～30years. It is concerned with 60 year cycle of the tides. Lunar oscillations explain an intriguing 60-year cycle in the world's temperature. Strong tides increase the vertical mixing of water in the oceans, drawing cold ocean water from the depths to surface, where it cools the atmosphere above. The first strong seismic episode in China was from 1897 to 1912; the second to the fifth was the in1920-1937, 1946-1957, 1966-1980, 1991-2002, tsrectruely. The alternative boundaries of"La Madre" warm phase and cold phase were in 1890, 1924, 1946 and 2000, which were near the boundaries of four strong earthquakes. It indicated the strong earthquakes closedly related with the substances' motion of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, the change of gravity potential, and the exchange of angular momentum. The strong earthquakes in the ocean bottom can bring the cool waters at the deep ocean up to the ocean surface and make the global climate cold. the earthquake, strong tide and global low temperature are close inrelntion for each othen.     

Earthquake, strong tide and global low temperature

" La Madre " is a kind of upper atmospheric air current, and occurs as " warm phase " and " cold phase " in the sky of Pacific Ocean alternately. There exists this phenomenon, called " Oscillation Decade in the Pacific" (ODP), for 20-30 years. It is concerned with 60 year cycle of the tides. Lunar oscillations explain an intriguing 60-year cycle in the world's temperature. Strong tides increase the vertical mixing of water in the oceans, drawing cold ocean water from the depths to surface, where it cools the atmosphere above. The first strong seismic episode in China was from 1897 to 1912; the second to the fifth was the in1920-1937, 1946-1957, 1966-1980, 1991-2002, tsrectruely. The alternative boundaries of "La Madre " warm phase and cold phase were in 1890, 1924, 1946 and 2000, which were near the boundaries of four strong earthquakes. It indicated the strong earthquakes closedly related with the substances' motion of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, the change of gravity potential, and the exchange of angular momentum. The strong earthquakes in the ocean bottom can bring the cool waters at the deep ocean up to the ocean surface and make the global climate cold, the earthquake, strong tide and global low temperature are close inrelntion for each othen.     

An Analysis and Modeling Study of a Sea Fog Event over the Yellow and Bohai Seas

In this study, a sea fog event which occurred on 27 March 2005 over the Yellow and Bohai Seas was investigated observationally and numerically. Almost all available observational data were used, including satellite imagery of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-9, three data sets from station observations at Dandong, Dalian and Qingdao, objectively reanalyzed data of final run analysis (FNL) issued by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) results. Synoptic conditions and fog characteristics were analyzed. The fog formed when warm,moist air was advected northwards over the cool water of the Yellow and Bohai Seas, and dissipated when a cold front brought northerly winds and cool, dry air. In order to better understand the fog formation mechanism, a high-resolution RAMS modeling with a 6km×6km grid, initialized and validated by FNL data, was designed. A 48h modeling that started from 12 UTC 26 March 2005reproduced the main characteristics of this sea fog event. The simulated lower visibility area agreed reasonably well with the sea fog region identified from the satellite imagery. Advection cooling effect seemed to play a significant role in the fog formation.     

Preliminary results of assessing the mixing of wave transport flux residualin the upper ocean with ROMS

The effects of the mixing of wave transport flux residual(Bvl) on the upper ocean is studied through carrying out the control run(CR) and a series of sensitive runs(SR) with ROMS model.In this study,the important role of Bvl is revealed by comparing the ocean temperature,statistical analysis of errors and evaluating the mixed layer depth.It is shown that the overestimated SST is improved effectively when the wave-induced mixing is incorporated to the vertical mixing scheme.As can be seen from the vertical structure of temperature 28℃ isotherm changes from 20 min CR to 35 m in SR3,which is more close to the observation.Statistic analysis shows that the root-mean-square errors of the temperature in 10 m are reduced and the correlation between model results and observation data are increased after considering the effect of Bvl.The numerical results of the ocean temperature show improvement in summer and in tropical zones in winter,especially in the strong current regions in summer.In August the mixed layer depth(MLD) which is defined as the depth that the temperature has changed 0.5℃ from the reference depth of 10 m is further analyzed.The simulation results have a close relationship with undetermined coefficient of Bvl,sensitivity studies show that a coefficient about 0.1 is reasonable value in the model.