多能互补海洋能集成发电技术研究综述

介绍了国内外基于风能、太阳能、波浪能和潮流能等海上可再生能源进行多能互补集成发电的研究发展情况,从不同技术研究侧重点、不同装置机理差异性和多能互补集成发电方式等方面进行了概括和综述,对已有设备和理论研究等进行了对比,评述了目前海洋多能互补集成发电技术研究中存在的主要问题以及未来的研究发展趋势,指出未来海洋能源集成发电需在离岸化、新材料、大型化和阵列布局等方面进行技术研究和攻关。     

南极长城湾沉积物的放射性研究

海洋沉积物的放射性研究是海洋环境科学以及同位素地球化学、沉积化学、地质年代学和水文学研究的重要组成部分,我国已对本国沿海及近海海域沉积物的放射性进行了部分研究,但对远洋沉积物的放射性研究较少,至于南极沿岸沉积物的放射性研究尚未进行,为了探讨放射性的全球分布特征,我们对南极长城湾沉积物的放射性进行了初步研究.     

中国的海滩岩研究与进展

海滩岩作为海陆交互作用的直接产物之一,对于研究古海平面变化、海岸带演化以及古气候变化等海陆相互作用过程具有重要意义.对我国的海滩岩研究历史与现状进行了分析,对当前的海滩岩研究中存在的一些争议和问题如海滩岩的定义、海滩岩的胶结物及其形成机制、海滩岩的形成时代、研究方法等进行了讨论,并对今后我国海滩岩研究的发展进行了展望.     

植物硅酸体化学成分的研究

植物硅酸体化学成分的研究,在植物学和地质学中都有重要意义。前者是为了研究不同化学元素在植物生理、生化中的作用;后者是了解不同植物硅酸体中Ｃ与Ｏ元素的含量,为利用硅酸体进行年代学研究、进行Ｃ与Ｏ同位素及古环境研究提供依据。本文除对硅酸体化学成分的重要意义进行阐述外,并研究了１６个种属植物硅酸体的化学成分,将为硅酸体研究在我国的应用提供有意义的科学依据     

近十年中国海雾研究进展

中国沿海和近海是多海雾区.由于海雾发生时能见度低,往往导致人员和财产损失.文中对中国近十几年有关海雾的研究进行了回顾,包括海雾天气气候学研究、海雾数值研究、海雾卫星遥感实时监测技术研究和海雾微物理研究.对一些问题进行了讨论,并对今后海雾研究的发展提出了若干看法.     

一九八六年冬季热带西太平洋海温、气温及海-气交换通量特征

海-气相互作用的研究,是近代海洋学家和气象学家研究的重点。中、美热带西太平洋合作调查研究,就是为研究热带海洋与全球大气而进行的。西太平洋热带海区,过去国内外研究甚少,为了充分利用调查资料,我们考虑了热带地区气候特征,即把调查资料近似地看作准同步资料进行分析研究。不难看出,该区终年水温、气温都较高,特别是130—175°E,空气垂直对流旺盛,是台风形成的重要源地,所以,对该区水温、气温及海-气通量进行研究,无论是气象学,还是物理海洋学都是有意义的。     

山东半岛东北部滨浅海地区灾害地质

通过浅地层剖面、岸滩剖面测量、遥感解译等资料,对山东半岛东北部滨浅海地区的主要灾害地质进行了研究。研究表明,研究区域内主要存在埋藏浅层气、埋藏古河道、海岸侵蚀等几种灾害地质,并对各种灾害地质的形态及空间分布特征进行了论述,最后绘制了研究区域内灾害地质因素的平面分布图。     

中国东部第四纪海面变化信息系统研究

应用ＧＩＳ软件ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ进行中国东部第四纪海面变化信息系统的研究,对中国东部第四纪海面变化进行动态模拟、数值分析、趋势预测和应用研究,恢复中国东部陆架区末次冰消期以来古地形变化及岸线变迁过程,进行中国东部第四纪海面变化的各项研究。其结果可用计算机屏幕、图形终端、笔式绘图仪、静电绘图仪和打印机输出     

北黄海盆地某研究区块钻井层序地层及沉积特征

运用旋回层序地层学的方法,利用钻井、地震、岩心和各种分析资料,对北黄海某研究区块的层序进行了综合分析研究,在中生代上侏罗统—新生代渐新统识别出11个中期基准面旋回,并与相应三级层序对应,从下到上依次命名为层序Ⅰ—层序Ⅺ,从而建立了北黄海某研究区块的高分辨率钻井层序地层格架。在此基础上,通过对北黄海盆地构造发育过程的认识,以及钻井、地震等资料提供的信息,进一步对研究区中新生代地层的沉积特征进行了研究分析,认为研究区主要发育了侏罗系、白垩系两套勘探层系,纵向上主要有三套有利的储盖组合的结论,这对研究区油气分布规律进行研究有重要的指导意义。     

海水鱼类寄生甲壳动物生物学研究现状及其存在问题

对海水鱼类寄生甲壳动物生活史、环境因子对鱼虱发育的影响、鱼虱的种间进货关系、形态结构与功能、生殖器官与繁殖等生物学问题研究现状进行描述，并对存在问题及今后的研究方向进行探讨。     

Assessment of Impact on Seafloor Features in INDEX Area

Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions.     

我国近海陆架锋面与生态效应研究回顾

海洋锋面存在于特征明显不同的2种或多种水系或水团交界处,锋面区域形成的次生环流和辐聚作用可显著影响到海洋中的物质输运与生物生产,故受到海洋学家的广泛关注。研究发现,我国近海陆架存在14个永久性的准静止锋面（渤海海峡锋面、山东半岛沿岸锋面、苏北沿岸锋面、西韩湾锋面、京畿湾锋面、济州岛西锋面、长江环形浅滩锋面、闽浙沿岸锋面、黑潮锋面、台湾沿岸锋面、闽粤沿岸锋面、珠江口沿岸锋面、琼东锋面和北部湾锋面）,且部分海域观测到双锋面、穿刺锋面和锋面波等现象。它们与陆架环流及其他动力过程（如：涡旋、内波等）共同控制着我国边缘海的物质能量输运与交换以及生物生产力格局。近岸物质沿锋面、跨锋面输运与锋区的垂向输送过程对我国边缘海生物地球化学循环和生态过程存在显著季节性影响。冬季到春季,沿岸锋面松弛能够加强物质从近岸向陆架的输运,进而在空间上调制春季藻华暴发的时间与量级;夏季到秋季,我国边缘海存在显著的潮汐锋面系统,锋面的辐聚效应以及次级环流可显著提高锋面区域的营养盐浓度和改善光照水平,对浮游植物的生长聚集起到促进作用,故在富营养化的河口与沿岸海域,锋面区域容易成为赤潮或缺氧高发区。此外,锋面的物理屏障作用使得两侧水团保持相对独立的物理与化学特征,因而在我国边缘海生境区划和生物多样性梯度变化等方面扮演重要角色,这些研究对认识我国边缘海物质循环与生物生产的控制机制具有重要作用。未来仍需充分结合观测与卫星资料,运用多过程耦合的高分辨率模型,深入认识锋面的精细结构与动态变化,加强亚中尺度和小尺度过程及其生态效应的研究。     

牛磺酸的生物活性及应用研究进展

对近年来国内外有关牛磺酸的生物学作用、生理活性研究、临床应用以及在营养食品方面的应用作综述报导。     

Physical,biological, geochemical and sedimentological controls on the ichnology of submarine canyon and slope channel systems

Sediments of the continental slope are commonly bioturbated by endo- and epibenthic organisms, particularly in and around submarine canyons and channels. This study reviews the architecture and depositional environments associated with canyons and channels on the continental slope, and assesses the key physical and chemical conditions encountered in and around these conduits. Hydrodynamic energy, concentration and quality of organic carbon, dissolved oxygen concentration and sedimentation rate are identified as key controls on the composition of benthic ecosystems in slope environments. Submarine canyons and channels focus a variety of turbid and clear-water currents, all of which serve to increase the concentration of oxygen, labile organic carbon and other nutrients, which tend to elevate the abundance and biodiversity in the seafloor sediments, compared with those of the surrounding slope. Ancient slope channel and canyon systems reflect some of the variation in ichnological assemblages that is seen in modern analogues, although processes of erosion and trace fossil preservation mean that the benthic environment is often incompletely preserved in the ancient record. By integrating current understanding of sedimentology, oceanography, biology and ichnology of slope environments it is possible to provide a first order summary of the inter-relationships between ichnology and depositional environments on the continental slope. The combination of these data has the potential to improve our understanding of changes in deep marine benthic ecosystems through geological time, and to further the use of ichnology in assessing hydrocarbon reservoir presence, quality and performance from bioturbated slope, canyon and channel-levee hydrocarbon reservoirs.     

管角螺消化系统的组织学研究

本研究采用解剖学及组织学方法对管角螺消化系统的结构进行了系统分析．结果表明,管角螺的消化系统由消化道和消化腺两大部分组成．消化道包含吻、食道、嗉囊、胃、肠、直肠及肛门;消化腺由唾液腺、肝及食道腺组成,其中肝为最大消化腺．唾液腺细胞分为粘液细胞和分泌细胞;食道腺细胞由排泄细胞和杯状细胞组成．在光学显微镜下,消化道的管壁由外向内依次为：外膜、肌层、粘膜下层和粘膜层4层;唾液腺、肝及食道腺均为复管状腺．管角螺的肝由肝被膜和许多盲管（肝小管）组成,肝管的组织结构与消化道基本相同,内有单层纤毛柱状上皮,可观察到肌层和管腔。     

The Gulf of California: Review of ecosystem status and sustainability challenges

The Gulf of California is unique because of its geographical location and conformation. It hosts diverse ecosystems and important fisheries that support industry and provide livelihood to coastal settlements. It is also the site of interests and problems, and an intense interaction among managers, producers, and conservationists. In this report, we scrutinize the abiotic (hydrography, climate, ocean circulation, and chemistry) and biotic (phyto- and zooplankton, fish, invertebrates, marine mammals, birds, and turtles) components of the marine ecosystem, and some particular aspects of climate variability, endemisms, harmful algal blooms, oxygen minimum layer, and pollution. We also review the current conditions and conflicts around the main fisheries (shrimp, small and large pelagic fishes, squid, artisanal and sportfishing), the most important human activity in the Gulf of California. We cover some aspects of management and conservation of fisheries, especially the claimed overexploitation of fish resources and the ecosystems, and review proposals for creating networks of marine protected areas. We conclude by identifying main needs for information and research, particularly the integration of data bases, the implementation of models and paleoreconstructions, establishment of monitoring programs, and the evaluation of fishing impacts and management actions.     

Bacterial and cyanobacterial diversities determined by T-RFLP analyses in the Jiaozhou Bay

1Introduction Bacteriaareactivelyinvolvedinthedecomposi tionanddegradationoforganicmatterandxenobiotic compound,biogeochemicaltransformationsandnu trientrecyclingoflife essentialelements.Owingto freshwaterrunoff,wastewaterdischargeandaquacul turalpractice…     

Review of three-dimensional ecological modelling related to the North Sea shelf system: Part 1: models and their results

The state-of-the-art in modelling the marine ecosystem of the greater North Sea is reviewed, providing an overview especially about three-dimensional models that describe and predict how the marine ecosystem of the greater North Sea area functions and how concentrations and fluxes of biologically important elements vary in space and time, throughout the shelf and over years, in response to physical forcing. Articles with a strong concentration on modelling were selected from the available literature, and all articles around the existing “ecological modelling groups” dealing with the area of the North Sea were sorted in chronological order of their appearance in the literature. We found eleven of such groups and described their different modelling efforts. Selecting the seven three-dimensional models (NORWECOM, GHER, ECOHAM, ERSEM, ELISE, COHERENS and POL3dERSEM), we characterized the complexity of the models, by comparing the resolution in time and space, and the resolution of the trophic structure by discussing the number and kind of state variables and of the processes relating these state variables to each other.The review of biogeochemical/ecological modelling for the greater North Sea shows that important findings by model simulations have either confirmed existing knowledge derived from field work or have given new insight into the mechanisms of the functioning of the North Sea system: the temporal and spatial development and magnitude of primary production, its spreading from the coasts to the north-west over the open North Sea, its mechanisms of limitation, the functioning of the pelagic small food web and of the benthic web, the mechanisms of nutrient regeneration, the effects of riverine and atmospheric nutrient inputs causing eutrophication of coastal waters, the extent of eutrophication in the North Sea, and the budgets for nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon. The three-dimensional ecological models of the greater North Sea have provided consistent distributions and dynamics of the lower trophic levels on their regional, annual and decadal scales which cannot be derived to this degree of coverage by observations.The state-of-the-art in validation for these models is presented in part 2     

从溺谷湾到三角洲:现代珠江三角洲形成演变研究辨析

现代珠江三角洲经历了从溺谷湾到三角洲的形成演变,富有区域特色。本文提出百余年来珠江三角洲的研究可归纳为4种范式:历史描述、实地考察?学术推理、器测?学科理论和“动力?沉积?地貌”跨尺度范式,各以范例说明。基于笔者及其团队研究,对现有文献关于珠江三角洲形成演变若干重要观点提出不同意见并从多视角作必要辨析,包括:海侵盛期以来千年尺度三角洲岸线位置变化,现代珠江三角洲形成演变的模式和三角洲干流河段形成过程与机理。最后对三角洲研究中的多学科、跨尺度和时空量化做了简要讨论。     

红树林生态修复固碳效果的主要影响因素分析

红树林是具有重要碳汇功能的生态系统,其保护和修复成为海洋领域应对气候变化的重要手段。适宜的生境条件是红树林生态修复成功与否的关键因素,而红树植物物种和种植措施等也决定了修复后生态系统结构和功能的发展。本研究综述了红树林生态修复固碳功能的特点,分析了生境条件、物种和种植措施等因素对红树林生态系统固碳效果的影响,以期为红树林生态修复提供参考。总体上,红树林生态修复促进了有机碳在植物体和土壤中的累积,而在生态修复初期红树植被的固碳能力高于土壤。水文条件、滩涂高程、底质条件、物种、种植密度和种苗来源等关系到修复后红树植物的生长、颗粒态有机物的沉降、有机物的输出和保留、有机质的分解等过程,进而影响生态系统的固碳能力。因此,开展红树林生态修复时选择适宜生境条件的修复地块,合理选择物种和种植措施,在提高植被恢复效果的同时可提高红树林固碳增汇的生态功能。