准噶尔盆地莫索湾—陆西地区基于重磁资料的石炭系火山岩识别

该文首先从研究区内岩石的磁性、密度测量结果出发,阐述了利用重磁方法圈定火山岩的可行性。然后利用频率域滤波和边界增强技术,获得由石炭系火山岩引起的剩余重磁异常及其垂向二阶导数和Tilt导数,据此划定出研究区内火山活动带,并根据准噶尔地区火山机构岩相模式和重磁异常的对应关系,在各火山活动带内圈定火山机构。同时以剩余重磁异常的视密度和视磁化率反演结果为基础,结合重磁异常的组合情况和实测岩石物性数据,确定研究区内火山岩岩性分布情况。最后利用磁力数据开展欧拉反演,定量了解研究区火山岩的埋深情况,并在地震数据的约束下,选择典型剖面开展二维重磁联合正演,刻画剖面地质结构和火山岩垂向分布。总之,通过重磁异常研究,获得了火山岩及其岩性的空间分布情况,为后续进一步的火山岩油气勘探提供了依据。     

应用趋势分析建立蔡家营矿床的物性分布模式

在河北蔡家营铅锌银矿区有代表性的Ｖ矿带，选取了一条钻探剖面，作物性研究。采集了３１２块标本，测试了磁化率、剩余磁化强度及密度等物性参数；结合地面重磁测量，用趋势分析方法，建立该矿床物性分布模式为本区建立质－地球物理分布模型提供了物性依据。     

霍邱岩群物性参数特征

物性差异是地球物理勘探前提。"安徽省重要矿集区物性参数集成"对霍邱地区密度、磁化率、天然剩余磁化强度、电阻率、极化率进行补测和集成,从平面及纵向分析霍邱岩群物性变化,同时探讨物质成分变化与物性参数变化关系,总结霍邱岩群物性变化规律。适用于重力勘查、磁法勘查、电法勘查等地球物理勘查[1]。     

莺歌海盆地前新生代基底特征

结合盆缘露头、盆地基底钻井及重磁震资料,综合研究莺歌海盆地前新生代基底特征。基于盆地西北缘Song Da带18个剖面点地层序列、166件岩石样品密度和2 800套磁化率测量结果,建立密度--磁化率交汇图版,约束盆内地震剖面和重磁异常解释,通过海陆结合的方法填制出盆地基底地质图。其前新生界由前震旦系、寒武系—上三叠统下部、上三叠统上部—白垩系三个构造层构成,它们沿红河断裂呈北西向分布,中间老,为前震旦纪中—高级变质岩;两侧新,向西为中生代沉积岩,向东为古生代浅变质岩、灰岩。     

基于已知信息约束的重磁三维反演在深部磁铁矿勘查中的应用——以安徽泥河铁矿为例

安徽泥河铁矿是一个典型的玢岩型铁矿,矿体埋深大,在地表产生的重磁异常幅值较小。为评估重磁资料精细处理与三维反演在磁铁矿深部勘查中的应用效果,选择泥河铁矿开展基于已知信息约束的重磁反演试验:首先通过模型试验对比了不同已知信息约束条件下的三维反演效果,然后通过针对性的位场分离方法提取了泥河铁矿的剩余重磁异常,将已知的地表地质信息转化为物性信息,构建了剩余密度和磁化率参考模型,用以约束重磁三维反演。根据反演所得密度体及磁化率体的三维分布模型,结合物性与岩性之间的关系,确定了泥河铁矿体的三维空间形态,该结果与地质勘探结果基本吻合。研究结果表明,基于已知信息约束的重磁三维反演,可以大幅提高反演结果的可靠性,对于高磁高密度的磁铁矿而言,是寻找和刻画深部磁铁矿体的有效方法。     

四川盆地前白垩系岩石物理性质的研究

<正> 作者通过对四川盆地及其附近地区自前震旦系至侏罗系各地层岩石的密度、纵波速度、横波速度、孔隙度、磁化率、剩余磁化强度和电阻率的测定,研究本区各地质时代地层岩石的物性参数分布特征,初步探讨影响这些物性参数变化的主要因素,为本区进一步寻找和勘探石油、天然气以及区域地质的研究,提供基础资料。     

江西相山火山盆地岩石物性基本特征

为全面了解相山火山盆地主要岩石物性特征,为该区非震物探方法综合解释提供依据,于2014—2016年系统收集、整理和测量了相山盆地70多口钻孔的岩石样本,并先后多次在全盆开展野外岩矿石取样和物性实测。在统计、分析和对比岩矿石密度、磁化率、电阻率等参数的基础上,获取了盆内几大类岩石的密度、磁化率和电阻率特征,并探讨了该地区岩石物性分布情况,这些物性数据为盆内实施的非震物探方法的反演和解译提供了物性基础。     

湖南铜山岭岩体地球物理特征及勘探方法评价

本文从岩石物性(密度、磁化率、剩余磁化强度、电阻率、极化率)和1︰5万重力、航磁、综合剖面等方面资料,分析了铜山岭岩体地球物理特征并进行综合解释,认为铜山岭岩体为半隐伏岩体,总体向北倾伏,在北侧有一宽板状分枝凸起,上顶埋深约200 m。结果表明,铜山岭花岗闪长斑岩与不同类别岩性的围岩,存在不同的物性差异,重磁电各项异常均有所反映。在南岭地区,根据实际情况可选择多方法组合,能有效圈定该类型隐伏岩体的空间位置。     

加拿大马尼托巴Lac du Bonnet岩基磁化率测量的意义

在马尼托Lac du Bonnet岩基进行岩石物理参数(体积磁化率、磁各向异性、天然剩余磁化强度)的测量,用来描述岩石的岩性特征。钻了5个钻孔,共进尺2.8Km。确立了岩芯的磁化率与岩性之间的关系。磁化率值与岩性特征对应为:低磁化率(0～5×10~(-3)SI)为断裂带(开口断裂和闭合断裂)并伴生蚀变岩石;中等磁化率值(7～10×10~(-3)SI)对应于无蚀变及无断裂的均质岩石;高磁化率(20～100×10~(-3)SI)兼有低磁化率(0～5×10~(-3)SJ)区是非均质的岩石,如含镁铁质矿物的捕虏体。通过钻孔间的对比,在UKL-1,-5,-3岩芯上确定了两个无间断的主断裂带,这与利用地震反射资料确定的断裂带相吻合。磁各向异性与岩石组构有关。剩磁测量没有得到稳定的磁方向。火成岩的磁性测量是确定岩体特征的一个有效方法。     

钻孔岩芯磁参数测定提高磁铁矿矿层预测精度

为了提高磁铁矿勘探过程中矿层预测精度,解决钻孔钻进过程中终不终孔的问题,认为可以采用勘探线剖面高精度磁场观测、岩芯标本磁参数测定、磁参数与钻孔编录成果约束后的磁异常正演计算,由此来确定剩余磁异常的有无,从而推断地下有无隐伏磁铁矿矿层。笔者在预测过程中采用：①最大剩余磁化强度、磁化率;②平均剩余磁化强度、磁化率来正演,取得了一些实际效果和经验,为磁铁矿矿区开展勘探施工提出一些参考意见。     

河北省岩石物性参数相关关系及物探方法的有效组合

对河北省近3000件样品的多种岩石物性参数进行了相关分析,以此探讨物探方法的有效组合问题。结果发现,对不同的地质目标,物探方法的有效组合不同。     

西藏朗县秀沟铬铁矿高精度重磁勘探效果

2010年笔者完成了西藏朗县秀沟工区1∶5 000高精度重磁勘探,重力测量总精度达0.069 4 mGal。根据岩矿石物性特征建立了铬铁矿地球物理模型与找矿标志。局部重力高异常0.1～0.6 mGal、宽度几十米至一二百米,并且磁异常中等强度、反向磁化的重磁异常组合特征是识别铬铁矿的标志;局部重力高异常带与环状镶边的正磁异常带的组合特征是识别超基性岩带的标志。运用小波分析提取铬铁矿与超基性岩体局部重磁异常,倾斜角(tilt-angle)法识别岩体边界,Paker法密度填图及2.5D交互反演推断了蛇纹石化橄榄岩的范围及14个铬铁矿与矿化体的重磁远景异常,其中6个远景异常已经得到证实。指出在西藏进行铬铁矿勘探,不仅要求野外施工精度高,而且要求室内处理解释工作精细,应充分运用各种数据处理的新方法技术,才能够获得良好的地质效果。     

赣南新林屋—均村地区低磁性隐伏岩体的识别:来自重磁场的证据

通过在赣南新林屋—均村地区开展1∶5万高精度磁法测量工作,结合1∶20万重力测量数据,以岩石物性为基础,分析该区重磁异常并圈定隐伏花岗岩体。新林屋—均村地区低磁性、低密度的花岗岩侵入至具有磁性的前寒武纪变质岩中,形成磁低重低的异常特征;推断新林屋—均村地区存在1个呈NW向展布的隐伏花岗岩体,该隐伏花岗岩体浅部受SN—NE向弧状断裂控制,深部受NW向断裂控制,浅部分布范围较深部更广。这些信息为该区进一步找矿提供了基础地球物理资料,也为同类地区寻找隐伏花岗岩体提供参考。     

Characteristics of the Density and Magnetic Susceptibility of Rocks in Northern Borneo and their Constraints on the Lithologic Identification of the Mesozoic Rocks in the Southern South China Sea

Based on the volume magnetic susceptibility and specific gravity measurements and mineral and lithologic identification results for 540 samples,the rock type,density,and magnetic susceptibility of rocks from northern Borneo were analyzed,and the applicability of gravity and magnetic data to the lithologic identification of the Mesozoic strata in the southern South China Sea was assessed accordingly.The results show that there are 3 types and 25 subtypes of rocks in northern Borneo,mainly intermediate-mafic igneous rocks and exogenous clastic sedimentary rocks,with small amounts of endogenous sedimentary rocks,felsic igneous rocks,and metamorphic rocks.The rocks that are very strongly-strongly magnetic and have high-medium densities are mostly igneous rocks,tuffaceous sandstones,and their metamorphic equivalents.The rocks that are weakly magnetic-non-magnetic and have medium-very low densities are mostly conglomerates,sandstones,siltstones,mudstones,and coal.The rocks that are weakly magnetic-diamagnetic and have highmedium densities are mostly limestones and siliceous rocks.The Cenozoic rocks are characterized by low densities and medium susceptibilities;the Mesozoic rocks are characterized by medium densities and medium-high susceptibilities;and the pre-Mesozoic rocks are characterized by high densities and low magnetism.Based on these results and the distribution characteristics of the various rock types,it was found that the pre-Mesozoic rocks produce weak regional gravity anomalies;the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks produce negative regional gravity anomalies;whereas the Mesozoic igneous rocks produce positive regional gravity anomalies;and the Cenozoic igneous rocks produce positive regional gravity anomalies.The regional high magnetic anomalies in the southern part of the South China Sea originate from the Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks and their metamorphic equivalents;and the regional medium magnetic anomalies may be produced by the felsic igneous rocks and their metamorphic equivalents.Accordingly,the identification of the Mesozoic lithology in the southern South China Sea shows that the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are distributed over a large area of the southern South China Sea.Thus,it is concluded that the Mesozoic strata in this area have the potential for oil and gas exploration.     

Physical Characteristics of Rocks and Ores and Their Application in Qihe Area,Western Shandong

In order to understand the physical characteristics of rocks and ores in Qihe, western Shandong and serve to basic geology and mineral resources investigation, the magnetic and density properties were collected in the survey area and the surrounding area, and statistics and analysis were given on the physical properties in terms of different kinds of rocks and ores. The result is that magnetite has the maximum value of magnetic property, the values of magnetic properties of basic rocks are bigger than the intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks, and the values of magnetic properties of sedimentary rocks are the smallest. The density of the Cenozoic strata is obviously different from formations and intrusive rocks under the covered area. Their interfaces cause the obvious gravity anomalies. The density value of magnetite is the biggest, and the density value of iron pyrite is the second biggest. The density of the metamorphic rocks of the Archeozoic Taishan rock group can cause certain gravity anomaly. Taking advantage of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the geophysical field, this paper mapped the lithology synthesizing other data, determined the ranges of metamorphic rocks and intrusive rocks, and delimited the ranges of ferromagnetic geological bodies as the target prospecting areas. Based on the physical characteristics, the depth and thickness information about the magnetite ore was inferred by conducting gravity and magnetic joint inversion. The result was nearly the same as the result of the verification borehole. The work of the research has promoted the understanding of physical characteristics of rocks and ores in this area, and provided more reliable basis for geophysical inversion and interpretation, geological structure and mineral resources research.     

超高压变质岩物理性质的相关性对建立结晶岩区地球物理解释标尺的意义

大陆科学钻探为认识深部地壳的结构、组成、力学性质和物理状态提供了重要的基础数据。岩石物理性质的测量对于原位测井资料的校正和地表地球物理测量的解释具有重要意义,岩石物理性质和岩石学研究相结合,还能为岩石的变质作用以及变质过程中化学成分的迁移提供必要的约束。本文主要对CCSD100-3100m的综合岩石物理资料进行了相关性调查和聚类分析,并得出如下结论:(1)岩石物理性质中的地震波速度、密度、热导率之间具有强相关性,他们都受岩石中主要矿物的组成和含量所控制;(2)岩石的电阻率和磁化率受金属氧化物含量的控制,与岩性有相关性;孔隙度、渗透率与岩性没有相关性;(3)利用岩石的物理性质可以反演不同的岩性,其中地震波速度、密度和热导率对榴辉岩和片麻岩大类具有很好的分类效果,而结合磁化率和电阻率则能更好的区分出超基性岩、正片麻岩和副片麻岩。上述结论对综合地球物理解释中物理参数的选取和结晶岩区地球物理解释标尺的建立具有重要的意义。     

On the use of gravity and magnetic anomalies for locating probable areas of metallic mineralization in South Sinai, Egypt

The present study deals with processing and interpreting the potential gravity and magnetic data in order to locate promising sites for metallic mineral occurrences in the basement rocks of South Sinai. Two promising sites were anticipated by combining the geophysical results and the available geological information. Each site was profiled and interpreted to the nearly approximated subsurface feature model, and the geometrical parameters of the expected subsurface structures may form mineralized bodies such as depth, thickness, width, dipping, density contrast, and magnetic susceptibility contrast could be delineated. Detailed ground Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Vertical Magnetic Gradient (VMG) methods were carried out in the site A2, eight VLF and VMG anomalies were determined, and their depths were calculated.     

Geological interpretation of Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data from the Gobi-desert covered area,Eastern Tianshan,China: Implications for porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic deposits exploration

In this study, Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data have been used to better understand the geology and mineral resources near the late Carboniferous-late Permian porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan belt, which is extensively covered by Gobi-desert. The reduced-to-pole (RTP) transformation of regional-scale aeromagnetic data shows that the porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is within a cluster of magnetic anomaly highs that overprint on a northeast trending magnetic gradient belt generally along the crustal-scale Kanguertag-Huangshan fault. The 10 km upward continuation transformation of both Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data indicates that the known porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic deposits are located on the flanks of prominent gravity and magnetic anomaly highs. These anomalies are spatially correlated with the late Carboniferous-late Permian igneous rocks and in the Tuwu-Yandong mineralization district are centered over the granodiorite rocks genetically related to porphyry copper systems. In order to minimize interpretational ambiguities, a useful approach that is correlation analysis (CA) based on correlation coefficient (CC) given by gravity and magnetic data was employed to separate positively and negatively correlated anomalies features. The CA procedure is applied to 10 km upward continuation transformation of both Bouguer gravity and RTP transformed aeromagnetic data for mapping correlative magnetization and density contrast anomalies from deep sources, which may be associated with the porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization. Five prominent CC positive anomalies have been found in the southern margin of Dananhu-Tousuquan arc. Those anomalies zones could be interpreted to reflect a late Carboniferous-late Permian magmatic belt that is favorable for additional discoveries of late Carboniferous to late Permian porphyry copper systems in north region of Eastern Tianshan.     

The Blagodatnoe gold-sulfide deposit (Yenisei Ridge,Russia): the nature of geophysical anomalies and the succession and causes of formation of petrophysical zoning

Data on geophysical fields and petrophysical heterogeneity, parageneses and the thermodynamic conditions and age of their formation, and fluid inclusions were used for the genetic reconstruction of petrophysical zoning at the Blagodatnoe gold-sulfide deposit. Petrophysical associations of the preore and ore stages of the deposit formation are clearly reflected in anomalies of the magnetic and natural electric fields and the aureoles of radioactive elements. At the early preore stage (752 Ma), reduced solutions with high activity of K, enriched in U, Th, and, probably, Au, were supplied to intensely foliated tectonic zones. Their interaction with initial metasedimentary rocks gave rise to contiguous zones of quartz–muscovite and chlorite metasomatic rocks. Accompanying graphitization led to a high electrochemical activity of the metasomatic rocks, which generated anomalies of up to –300 mV in the natural electric field; the most intensely carbonized zones became enriched with U (up to 6.5 × 10^–4%) and, probably, Au. The quartz–muscovite metasomatic rocks accumulated Th and K (up to 29 × 10^–4% and 4%, respectively), whereas the chlorite metasomatic rocks accumulated rock-forming elements (particularly Fe), which led to the compaction of these rocks and the acceleration due to gravity in local positive anomalies. The nonmagnetic character of the fresh pre-ore metasomatic rocks suggests the predominantly pyritic composition of early sulfides. At the ore stage (698 Ma), the minerals were deposited from H₂O–CO₂–As–S solutions at 560 to 315 °C. The activity of these solutions caused a redistribution of radioactive elements and a high petrophysical differentiation of the ore-bearing structure. The amplitudes of the anomalies above this structure vary from 500 to 80 nT in the magnetic field and from –130 to + 10 mV in the natural electric field. It has been found that the hydrothermal fluid hardly affected the polarization properties of graphitized rocks at the maximum temperatures but caused an intense removal of U and the development of magnetic pyrrhotite after pyrite. The temperature decrease in the mineral-forming system was favorable for the formation of siderite. Carbonaceous schists which experienced carbonatization lost their electrochemical activity. The binding of carbon dioxide in the solid phase influenced the migration capability of trace elements and their zonal distribution. With this evolution of the solution, Th accumulated at the lower levels of the mineralized zone, whereas the upper levels of the deposit became enriched with U. Productive gold–arsenopyrite–pyrite–pyrrhotite paragenesis with anomalous magnetic susceptibility evolved at the ore stage. The late galena–sphalerite–chalcopyrite paragenesis (365 Ma) was of strictly local occurrence and reduced the magnetic susceptibility of ores.     

河北省岩石物理与岩石化学的相关研究

河北省沉积岩、火山岩、侵入岩、变质岩类的岩石密度、磁化率、电阻率、极化率等与常量元素含量的相关分析结果初步表明,虽然在整体上两者具有相关性,但并非参数间都是显著相关的,这反映每种物性参数与元素含量所反映的岩石成因或岩石所处状态的侧重面不同,说明物探方法与化探方法反映的地质现象的角度不同。