西平铁矿深孔绳索取心钻探技术应用

绳索取心钻进技术已经广泛用于钻探工程中,深孔钻探采用绳索取心技术可大大提高钻探效率和钻探质量。结合西平铁矿对深孔绳索取心钻探技术进行了应用研究,阐述了深孔绳索取心钻探过程中,钻孔结构的优化以及匹配合理钻具型式的重要性。还就泥浆体系和孔斜控制等关键技术进行了探讨。     

长白多金属矿区超深孔钻探施工技术

长白多金属矿区地层复杂,超深孔钻探难度极大,采用先进的钻孔结构以及采用绳索取心钻进,利用同径绳索取心钻杆做技术套管,同时选用PAB高性能无固相冲洗液和选择高端广谱钻头的钻探技术,是钻探工程的发展方向,也是提高钻探效率与效益的途经。     

5000米绳索取心绞车设计

在深孔地质岩心钻探中,绳索取心钻进技术对于提高钻探质量和生产效率有极大的优势。在绳索取心钻进中,绳索取心绞车是地质钻探装备中的主要设备,近半个世纪以来,随着绳索取心技术的发展、成熟和广泛应用,取心绞车系统更加安全可靠。本文通过分析国内外现有绳索取心绞车的优缺点,提出了5000 m绳索取心绞车设计方案,设计绞车为分体式结构,由交流变频柜和绞车主体两大部分组成。计算了5000 m绳索取心绞车设计的关键技术参数,绞车总功率为60 kW,配套12 mm钢丝绳,最大可提供50 kN的提升力,光毂提升速度最快可达60 m/min。针对绳索取心绞车提升过程中滚筒钢丝绳常见的垒绳、压绳、咬绳等问题,设计了双折线绳槽。     

5000米智能地质钻探技术与装备研发

深部钻探技术是解决深地探测科技问题的必要手段之一。本文主要介绍了“十三五”国家重点研发计划 “5000米智能地质钻探技术装备研发及应用示范” 项目方案,项目从构建大深度绳索取心钻孔口径系列、钻具级配、装备配置等入手,开展了钻进智能控制、钻机关键技术与装备、高性能绳索取心钻杆、小口径高效系列钻具、环保冲洗液体系与废浆处理技术、钻探技术装备集成与示范等研究,拟突破智能控制、自动化、轻量化与模块化等关键技术,形成以绳索取心工艺为主体的特深孔地质岩心钻探装备与技术体系,为我国深部探测计划提供技术与装备支撑。     

深部矿体勘探钻探技术方法研究

深部矿体勘探钻探技术方法研究的内容主要包括深孔分体塔式全液压动力头钻机及高强度绳索取心钻杆的研制、钻孔设计与轨迹动态监控技术研究、钻孔摄像及定向取心技术在地质勘探中的应用研究、深部岩心钻探钻进工艺方法研究等。研究按任务书设计要求完成,取得了良好的社会经济技术效果,为以后深部钻探施工技术提供了重要的指导和借鉴作用。     

煤田绳索取心钻探应建立新的行业钻探体系

煤炭仍然是世界主要能源资料,煤田地质勘探必将向深部发展,绳索取心钻探技术是深部钻探优质高效的首选方法。目前煤田绳索取心钻探技术未能全面采用,存在若干不适应煤田地层的技术问题,但都能采取措施解决。煤田地质钻探钻遇地层普遍存在水敏现象,导致泥浆含砂、含泥量过高使性能变坏。煤田绳索取心钻探还存在与“水敏”、“砂害”伴随着的泵压高、泥浆流速快、冲刷严重、冲洗液动力学效应负作用大等问题,采用非煤地质勘探标准钻具（柱）,强度低,能力弱,难以抵抗负面作用。为此,不仅需要优选适应地层抑制其水敏性的泥浆配比,更重要的是解决除砂除泥问题。同时要打破旧有思维,建立新体系,扩大钻孔直径,增大配套间隙,提升装备动力,用大功率去克服问题。     

广谱护壁剂(GSP)的使用效果

我队在门头沟矿区采用绳索取心钻探施工多年，一直未很好解决钻孔坍塌缩径和钻杆内壁结垢问题。1991年改用地矿部探矿工程研究所研制的GSP（现转让江西省萍乡市麻山合成化工厂）泥浆，顺利完成一口孔深1045m钻孔，解决了多年困扰我队的绳索取心钻探泥浆选型问题。     

建材非金属矿钻探技术的新进展

建材地质勘探技术，随着钻探技术的不断发展，结合矿床地质特点，由比较单一的钻进方式逐步发展成多种钻进方式，以配合不同矿区地层岩性，对岩矿心不同的要求采用不同的方式、不同的钻头类型来完成矿区地质勘探任务。当前，我系统在应用新技术、新方法，如绳索取心、冲击回转、空气洗井、水力连续取心以及新型切削材料、特殊矿种取心等方面也有不同程度的发展与特色。人们一般认为绳索取心技术用于深孔效果较好，而用于浅孔则意义不大。然而，我们却利用钻具级配间隙小、提钻少或不提钻、对井壁破坏少的特点，以快速一钻终孔来钻探那些易于坍塌掉块、     

深孔地质岩心（样）钻探技术面临的技术问题

实现深部找矿及找矿突破战略目标的主要手段是采用高效、低耗的钻探取样技术,而绳索取心钻探技术是当前难以替代的综合效益最好的地质找矿钻探技术。分析了绳索取心钻探技术面临的主要技术难题：钻杆断裂问题,坍塌缩径地层的适应性问题,内管总成投放打捞可靠性问题,以及提高金刚石钻头寿命问题,并提出了解决这些问题的措施和建议。     

长白矿区复杂地层多金属矿深孔施工技术

长白多金属矿区地层复杂,深孔钻探难度极大,采用先进的钻孔结构以及采用绳索取心钻进,利用同径绳索取心钻杆做技术套管,同时选用PAB高性能无固相冲洗液和选择高端广谱钻头的钻探技术,成功完成了一个孔深1505.88 m的钻孔,创造了吉林省地矿局钻探深孔记录。着重介绍了该孔钻探施工技术措施。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)