辽河油田东部凹陷玄武岩测井特征分析

针对辽河油田东部凹陷地区复杂火成岩岩性中玄武岩的测井特征,根据东部凹陷的测井数据及取芯段的薄片识别,共找到4种不同类型的玄武岩地层,分两组进行对比分析。第一组:气孔玄武岩、角砾化玄武岩;第二组:玄武岩、含油水层的玄武岩。利用玄武岩地层对应数据制作测井响应统计表,对比不同类型测井参数的差别制作交会图,得到角砾化玄武岩相对气孔玄武岩有较高的自然电位值,含油水层的玄武岩相对玄武岩有较高自然伽马值及中子值等特征。分析原因为气孔玄武岩及角砾化玄武岩孔隙裂缝发育,密度较低,黏土矿物充填角砾化玄武岩孔隙使自然电位值相对较高;含油水层的玄武岩中大量氢元素使中子值及自然伽马值相对玄武岩有所增加。     

辽河东部凹陷火成岩岩性识别及储层评价

针对辽河东部凹陷火成岩储层评价,采用钻井、分析化验、测井等资料,将火成岩的岩性主要分为粗面岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩三大类。结合三大类火成岩的物性、含油性和岩石脆性的分布规律,确定粗面质角砾岩、角砾化粗面岩为Ⅰ类优势储层,玄武质角砾岩、块状粗面岩、火山沉积岩为Ⅱ类优势储层,气孔玄武岩、辉绿岩、致密玄武岩为Ⅲ类储层。确定了东部凹陷红星地区火成岩的有利勘探区带,为下一步油气资源勘探指明方向。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群水力破裂的岩石学特征及其成因探讨

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群凝灰质泥岩中发育大量凝灰质泥岩角砾。岩芯及透射光显微镜观察发现,这是一种水力破裂体系中流体和岩石作用的产物一水压碎屑岩。水压碎屑岩的岩石学特征表现为：角砾之间具有可拼合性、岩芯横切面上发育大量“T”型垂直裂缝、微细纤维状铁白云石脉对壁生长。水力破裂作用的成因主要与布达特群岩性组合特征、构造-流体作用有关。     

蚀变玄武岩储层的有效性分析及储集性能评价

玄武岩蚀变产生的次生黏土矿物充填于岩石孔隙和裂缝中,使岩石的有效储集空间减小、储集性能降低、储层有效性变差.笔者研究的目的乃是消除蚀变对储层有效性的影响,使储层的储集性能评价更符合生产实际.把玄武岩按蚀变程度分为轻度或未蚀变、中度蚀变、重度蚀变和泥化四个等级,根据不同蚀变程度的岩石孔隙在薄片上的特征,结合不同程度的蚀变对常规、成像和核磁共振测井响应的影响,综合分析蚀变玄武岩的孔隙有效性;根据次生黏土矿物对裂缝有效性的影响,利用DSI测井分析裂缝有效性和储层渗透性;最后综合孔隙和裂缝的有效性分析结果,对不同孔隙度大小的储层进行储集性能评价.结果表明,这种储集性能分类方法效果较好,经过流体测试验证,分类结果与生产测试结果相一致.     

蚀变对中基性火山岩储层的控制作用:以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组为例

利用岩芯、薄片和扫描电镜等资料,综合分析松辽盆地徐家围子断陷下白垩统营城组火山岩储集空间类型和火山岩蚀变控制因素。依据化学蚀变指数(CIA)、黏土矿物测试和岩石矿物特征,将蚀变程度划分为弱蚀变(CIA50)、中蚀变(50CIA60)、强蚀变(CIA60)三种。与蚀变作用有关的成岩作用类型包括:脱玻化作用、溶蚀作用及充填作用。研究结果表明,随着蚀变程度提升,基质脱玻化作用和岩石黏土矿化作用越强,次生孔隙越发育;脱玻化作用和溶蚀作用具明显改善储层物性特征,充填作用虽然降低储层物性,但黏土矿物充填物中存在晶间微孔,仍具有一定储集性能。     

新疆洪古勒楞铜矿床地质特征及构造背景

洪古勒楞铜矿床位于新疆西准噶尔西北部和布克赛尔县,属于谢米斯台-沙尔布提成矿带。地质剖面测量和岩相学研究表明,矿区出露地层为中奥陶统布鲁克其组火山-沉积岩,岩性以玄武岩和安山岩为主,其次为安山质角砾岩、安山质集块岩和晶屑凝灰岩,矿化与玄武岩、安山岩、安山质角砾岩相关;矿区断裂构造发育,矿体赋存其中;矿区围岩蚀变发育,从矿体到围岩可分为内、中、外3个带,各带的共生矿物组合为:绿泥石+绿帘石+石英+黄铜矿±闪锌矿组合、绿泥石+绿帘石±黄铜矿组合和绿泥石±方解石等,矿化程度与蚀变程度正相关;矿化类型包括浸染状、气孔充填状、角砾状、细脉状、块状矿化,矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿,脉石矿物主要为绿泥石、绿帘石。矿区的火山岩地球化学分析表明,矿区岩石分为2类:类型1为钙碱性系列玄武岩和安山岩,岩石稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,亏损Nb、Ta元素,富集LILE,w(Nb)低,形成于岛弧环境。类型2为拉斑-钙碱性系列玄武岩和安山岩,与类型1相似,亏损Nb、Ta元素,富集LILE,但是REE模式呈平坦型,w(Th)、Nb/Y值、Th/Yb值、Nb/Yb值较低,可能受洋脊俯冲影响。     

徐家围子断陷北部玄武岩储层分布及有利区预测

通过分析松辽盆地徐家围子断陷玄武岩测井响应、地震反射特征和储层孔隙微观结构,研究储层特征及其与岩性岩相之间的关系,确定储层发育的主控因素;利用反演手段预测储层发育特征,基于反演结果将储层分为3类,以预测有利油气聚集区。研究表明玄武岩储集空间主要有原生孔隙、次生孔隙和构造-溶蚀缝,储层孔隙度为6%～12%,渗透率为0. 01～1 m D;玄武岩地层在测井曲线上自然伽马值较低,在地震反射剖面上具有振幅强、连续性较好的特征。玄武质火山角砾岩和玄武质角砾凝灰岩储层物性最好,玄武岩次之;火口相储层物性最好,近火口相次之。在断陷北部整个凹陷,Ⅱ类区玄武岩分布广泛、物性较好、资源潜力大,为玄武岩下一步勘探的有利方向。     

贵州西南部SBT与金矿成矿动力学及 找矿预测地质模型

构造蚀变体（SBT）：茅口组（P2m）和龙潭组（P3l）或峨眉山玄武岩组（P3β）之间的一套以强烈的硅化作用为显著特征的蚀变岩石组合(图1);角砾状构造发育,角砾大小悬殊,成分复杂（包含茅口组灰岩、龙潭组粉砂岩、粘土岩、煤或峨眉山玄武岩、沉凝灰岩）,厚度变化大（0~70m）;为区域构造作用和大规模低温热液蚀变作用的综合产物,为区域金锑矿富集就位场所(刘建中等,2005,2012,2014)。     

银额盆地查干凹陷苏红图组火山岩储层特征

火山岩空间分布形态多变,物性变化复杂,加强储层描述是提高火山岩油气藏勘探成功率的关键。以岩芯分析资料为基础,研究表明查干凹陷苏红图组火山岩储层的岩石类型为玄武岩和安山岩,以玄武岩为主,多为灰黑色或灰绿色,具有斑状结构、玻晶交织结构。火山岩的储集空间类型包括原生孔隙、次生孔隙和原生裂缝三类。储层岩石类型、成岩作用、岩相带、裂缝及溶蚀作用、断裂作用等共同控制了有效火山岩储层的分布和发育程度。对查干凹陷苏红图组而言,断裂带背景下的自碎角砾熔岩微相、气孔—杏仁火山岩微相和底部扁平气孔—杏仁火山岩微相为火山岩储层发育的有利相带。在新建查干凹陷火山岩储层分类标准基础上,进一步研究认为,该区域火山岩体储层Ⅲ型为主,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较少。     

西湖凹陷渐新统花港组大型沿岸砂坝沉积特征及主控因素*

西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地最大的富生烃凹陷,其主力储集层渐新统花港组的沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。以岩心为基础,结合测井响应与地震反射特征,识别出西湖凹陷中东部花港组厚层砂岩主要有块状含砾中砂岩、冲洗层理中细砂岩、沙纹层理粉细砂岩共3种典型岩石类型,并通过统计分析沉积构造参数,明确花港组厚层砂岩主要发育在岸线附近的冲洗带,水动力强,波浪作用明显;该厚层砂岩在伽马测井曲线上整体表现为下部低幅锯齿箱状、顶部逐渐过渡为高幅锯齿状特征,地震上主要为中等振幅与连续性的、底平顶凸的丘状反射,为大型沿岸砂坝沉积。最后结合测井曲线样式、地震属性与含砂率拟合,刻画了沿岸砂坝的叠置样式与空间展布,确定西湖凹陷花港组大型沿岸砂坝主要分布在研究区东部三角洲前缘外侧,是由于基准面下降、水体变浅,早期形成的辫状河三角洲前缘受波浪作用改造而成。     

铬黑T 形成树脂分离富集极谱测试地质样品中贵金属Pt、Rh、Ru 研究

合成并研究了铬黑T 形成树脂分离富集地质标准样品中的钌、铂、铑,获得了最佳实验条件。结果表明: pH = 2. 00 的盐酸溶液作为介质、温度为293 K、流速v≤1. 0 mL·min － 1、柱高h≥10. 0 cm,铂、铑、钌吸附率均在95%以上; 在293 K,使用40 mL 的pH 2. 00 盐酸－ 3%硫脲溶液静态洗脱或以1. 0 mL·min － 1的流速进行动态洗脱,洗脱率均在95%以上。树脂对铂、铑、钌的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型。实验条件下的标准回收实验,回收率均＞ 95%。对地质标准样品进行了分析测定,相对误差均＜ 7%。铂、铑、钌的相对标准偏差分别是铂: 0. 852 0%和0. 325 0%; 铑: 4. 20%和 4. 89%; 钌: 1. 24%和1. 79%。铂、铑、钌的检出限分别为3. 55 × 10 － 6 μg·mL － 1、6. 23 × 10 － 7 μg· mL － 1、1. 92 × 10 － 5μg·mL － 1。该方法的准确度和精密度较高。     

Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India

Deccan basalts of west-central India are hydrogeologically inhomogeneous rocks. A proper understanding of the physical framework of the basalts within which groundwater resides and moves is a key to the hydrogeology of these rocks. Two types of basalt, the vesicular amygdaloidal basalt and the compact basalt, occur as alternate layers in the volcanic pile. Although the rocks are generally inhomogeneous, structures in the basalt, such as sheet joints and vertical joints, serve as zones of groundwater flow. In the shallow subsurface, two groundwater systems are operative. Groundwater system A consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt underlain by a compact basalt, whereas groundwater system B consists of a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt overlain by a compact basalt. Groundwater system A has a better developed network of openings and, as a consequence, this system has a higher transmissivity and storage coefficient than groundwater system B. Wells tapping groundwater system A have higher yields on average and irrigate more hectares of cropland than do wells tapping groundwater system B. This simple systems concept offers a practical methodology for understanding the geometry of the physical framework that contains groundwater in the Deccan basalts. The efficacy of the concept is in its widespread utility for the region. The concept may also be extrapolated to help understand the hydrogeology of deeper Deccan basalt groundwater systems.     

Ulster White Limestone Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Northern Ireland: effects of basalt loading on chalk diagenesis

The Ulster White Limestone Formation is an unusual chalk because it underwent a period of post-depositional emergence and erosion, followed by burial under 1·5–2·0 km of Tertiary basalts. A high degree of pressure solution and cementation produced a well-lithified limestone with low porosities (2·3–10·4%). The Ulster White Limestone shows no evidence of thermally induced textural alteration, except for thin (<0·5 m) pseudospar contact recrystallization zones adjoining basalt dykes. Whole-rock δ¹⁸O values of samples not associated with basalt dykes range from - 3·26%o to - 6·50%o (PDB). The δ¹⁸O values of macropore cements range from - 4·96%o to - 11·52%o (mean=-8·27%o). Modelling of the diagenesis of the Ulster White Limestone using trace element concentrations and carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic ratios of whole rock and cement samples suggests a low water-rock ratio and either marine or mixed marine-meteoric pore water environment during the main episode of recrystallization. The maximum possible burial temperature was modelled to be ? 105°C. The diagenetic history of the Ulster White Limestone is similar to that of North Sea chalks that are at comparable burial depths as the Ulster White Limestone after basalt deposition. The geochemical data show no indication of hydrothermal alteration associated with the overlying basalts. The degree of alteration of fine-grained limestones composed predominantly of low-magnesium calcite, such as the Cretaceous/Tertiary chalks, appears to be controlled largely by the burial (effective stress) history of the limestone.     

Lithologic and structural controls on fluvial knickzones in basalts of the Paraná Basin,Brazil

Knickzones are common features along rivers on the basaltic plateaus of the Paraná Basin. According to current conceptual models, knickpoints are formed in massive basalts that have a high density of vertical joints. Vesicular–amygdaloidal basalts and those with horizontal joints tend to form reaches of low slope due to their lower resistance to erosion. However, field surveys revealed complexities in this general relationship. The research presented here sought to verify the controls on the genesis of knickzones in this type of geological environment. We studied a 61 km-long mixed bedrock–alluvial river. The longitudinal profile of the river was surveyed on a topographic map with 5 m contour intervals. Tectonic lineaments oriented transverse to the channel and longitudinal lineaments in which the river lies were identified from maps. A detailed field survey of the lithologic characteristics of the riverbed was also performed. The results show that knickzones may form in any litho-structural zone in the flood basalts. On the other hand, low slope zones are predominantly sculpted into vesicular–amygdaloidal basalts, which are less resistant to erosion. The fracture densities of vesicular–amygdaloidal basalts are similar in low slope zones and in knickzones (4.86 and 4.93 m/m², respectively). This indicates that knickzones in this type of basalt are not caused by higher resistance to erosion. Approximately 60% of the 18 knickzones identified are associated with tectonic lineaments, irrespective of the structural characteristics of the basalts. Vesicular–amygdaloidal basalt and/or basalt with horizontal joints allow the fastest knickzone migration and aid in the formation of convexities. Knickpoints in these basalts do not migrate, but erosion in the pools advances downstream and breaks the bedrock steps, thus increasing the slope. Massive basalt with vertical joints causes slower migration, and its presence at convexities indicates local uplift. Convex segments are only formed upstream of faults.     

辽东中生代晚期和古近纪玄武岩及深源捕虏晶对岩石圈地幔性质的制约

辽东地区玄武岩的K-Ar定年结果表明，曲家屯玄武岩形成于晚白垩世，K-Ar年龄为81．58±2．46Ma；乱石山子玄武岩形成于古近纪，K-Ar年龄为58．36±1．64Ma。本区玄武岩含有丰富的橄榄石、单斜辉石和角闪石捕虏晶。乱石山子玄武岩中橄榄石捕虏晶的Mg^#值（79．5-88．5之间，平均值为84）较曲家屯玄武岩中橄榄石捕虏晶Mg^#值（77．0～79．8之间，平均值为78．4）偏高；单斜辉石捕虏晶为透辉石，其从核部到边部的Mg^#等变化趋势与橄榄石类似；斜方辉石捕虏晶为占铜辉石，其Mg^#值介于85．2-87．6之间，平均值为86．4。捕虏晶发育的环状裂隙、扭折带、矿物成分环带以及捕虏晶与主岩Mg^#值之间的不平衡均暗示它们为玄武质岩浆上升捕获的早期岩浆晶出矿物的堆晶体。玄武岩的岩石地球化学分析结果表明：（1）它们属于碱性系列，为碱性玄武岩，曲家屯玄武岩较乱石山子玄武岩贫硅、镁，富钙、铝，它们均具有原始岩浆的特征；（2）二者具有相似的稀土元素配分模式，但曲家屯玄武岩轻稀土元素总量更高，且轻重稀土元素分离程度高；（3）二者具有相似的Sr-Nd同位素组成，Isr和εNd（t）值分别介于0．7039～0．7045和＋1．60～＋3．69，反映了亏损的岩石圈地幔特征。     

吉林延边棉田金铜矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

棉田金铜矿床是受断裂构造和中性侵入体联合控制的以金、铜为主的多金属矿床。笔者在对该区地质调查的基础上,运用红外光谱分析和显微测温技术对成矿流体进行研究,发现该区围岩蚀变以绢云母化和青磐岩化最为普遍,并将成矿阶段分为4 个阶段: 黄铁绢英岩阶段、石英--黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段和石英--碳酸盐阶段; 对应的均一温度为320℃ ～ 360℃、280℃ ～ 320℃、200℃ ～ 280℃和200℃ ～ 240℃; 其中主成矿阶段为第二、三阶段,主成矿温度为200℃ ～ 320℃,这也是热液中水和二氧化碳含量最高的阶段。流体盐度为1. 91 ～ 13. 40 ( wt%,NaCl) ,密度为0. 69 ～ 0. 95 g /cm3,具低盐度和低密度的特点; 成矿深度为0. 8 ～ 1. 5 km,具浅层成矿的特点; 氢氧同位素分析, δ18OH2O的值为－ 4. 7 × 10 － 3 ～ 5. 83 × 10 － 3,δDH2O的值为－ 89 × 10 － 3 ～ － 124 × 10 － 3,说明成矿流体主要为岩浆水,含少量大气水。综合研究表明,棉田金铜矿床属于浅成中温岩浆热液型矿床。     

四川省峨边县玄武岩特征及开发利用前景

四川省峨边县玄武岩矿资源丰富,但尚无开发利用纤维用玄武岩的矿山。从玄武岩的矿石组构、化学成分和玄武岩拉丝性能判别指标3个方面开展纤维用玄武岩评价工作。研究结果显示: 研究区致密块状玄武岩和杏仁状玄武岩多属拉斑系列与碱性系列的过渡型岩石,玻基玄武岩均为碱性系列; 拉斑玄武岩系列矿石的化学成分具有SiO₂含量较高、(K₂O+Na₂O)和TiO₂含量较低、FeO/MgO值较大的特征; 区内致密块状玄武岩适合连续玄武岩纤维生产,而杏仁状玄武岩的杏仁中含有石英和方解石等次矿物,玻基玄武岩具有火山玻璃成分含量高、杏仁状构造及酸度系数过高等特征,均不宜作为生产玄武岩纤维的原料。研究区玄武岩矿具备纤维用玄武岩资源储备地的潜力,建议采用综合开发的方式利用玄武岩矿资源。     

Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal alteration of basalt in the Kuroko mine area, Japan: implications for the evolution of a Back Arc Basin hydrothermal system

Basalt in the Furutobe District of the Kuroko mine area in Japan is characterized by abundant chlorite and epidote. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that chlorite is formed at lower temperatures (230–250°C) than epidote (250–280°C). The seawater/basalt mass ratio for the early chlorite-rich alteration was high (max. 40), but that for the later alteration was low (0.1–1.8). The CaO, Na₂O and SiO₂ of the bulk rock correlate negatively with MgO, while FeO and Σ Fe correlate positively with MgO. These changes in the characteristic features of hydrothermal alteration from early to late are generally similar to those for a mid-ocean ridge geothermal system accompanying basalt alteration.The MgO/FeO ratios of chlorite and actinolite and the Fe₂O₃ concentration of epidote from the basalt are greater than those of mid-ocean ridge basalt probably owing to the differences in the Fe₂O₃/FeO and MgO/FeO ratios of the parent rocks. The lower CaO concentration and the higher Na₂O concentration of the bulk rock compared with altered mid-ocean ridge basalt can be interpreted in terms of the difference in original bulk rock compositions.The Furutobe basalt, as well as other submarine back arc basalts, contains more vesicles filled with hydrothermal minerals (epidote, calcite, quartz, chlorite, pyrite) than do the mid-ocean ridge basalts. The abundance of vesicles plays an important role in controlling the secondary mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermally altered submarine back arc basin basalts.     

内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组有机质的拉曼光谱特征及地质意义

笔者研究了内蒙古索伦地区中二叠统哲斯组泥质岩石中有机质的激光拉曼光谱特征,并探讨了拉曼光谱参数对有机质热演化程度的表征。研究区样品D1谱带吸收峰平均值位于1 350.55 cm~(-1)附近,G谱带吸收峰平均值位于1 602.55 cm~(-1)附近,G谱带与D1谱带的位置差变化于252.00±;G谱带与D1谱带的面积比集中在0.52附近,表明有机质经历的热演化温度约为250℃。应用拉曼光谱地质温度计估算了有机质的热演化温度,其平均温度为265℃;采用镜质体反射率地质温度计估算的有机质热演化平均温度为273℃,两者吻合。综合分析部分估算温度偏高的原因,结合无机矿物的成因标志,揭示研究区中二叠统哲斯组地层经历的极低级变质温度可能250℃。