DEVELOPMENT, TERRITORIAL DIFFERENCE AND SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF TOWNS IN CHINA

ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ，ＴＥＲＲＩＴＯＲＩＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＡＮＤＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＯＷＮＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ──ＡＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＶＩＥＷＳＯＦＡＮＴＩ－ＵＲＢＡＮＩＳＭＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＧｕＣｈａｏｌｉｎＩｎｓｔ...     

THE CAUSES AND DEVELOPMENTAL TREND OF DESERTIFICATION IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YARLUNG ZANGBO RIVER AND ITS TWO TRIBUTARIES IN XIZANG

ＴＨＥＣＡＵＳＥＳＡＮＤＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＡＬＴＲＥＮＤＯＦＤＥＳＥＲＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＴＨＥＭＩＤＤＬＥＲＥＡＣＨＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＹＡＲＬＵＮＧＺＡＮＧＢＯＲＩＶＥＲＡＮＤＩＴＳＴＷＯＴＲＩＢＵＴＡＲＩＥＳＩＮＸＩＺＡＮＧＤｏｎｇＧｕａｎｇ...     

CHARACTERISTICS AND RATIONAL EXPLOITATION OF LAND RESOURCES IN XIZANG

ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳ　ＡＮＤ　ＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ　ＥＸＰＬＯＩＴＡＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＬＡＮＤ　ＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳ　ＩＮ　ＸＩＺＡＮＧＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＡＮＤＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＥＸＰＬＯＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＡＮＤＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＩＮＸ...     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY－MAKING IN REGULATING THE INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION IN TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIAL BASE IN MIDDLE LIAONING PROVINCE

ＡＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＴＨＥＰＯＬＩＣＹ－ＭＡＫＩＮＧＩＮＲＥＧＵＬＡＴＩＮＧＴＨＥＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＩＡＬＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＩＮＴＲＡＤＩＴＩＯＮＡＬＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＩＡＬＢＡＳＥＩＮＭＩＤＤＬＥＬＩＡＯＮＩＮＧＰＲＯＶＩ...     

CLIMATIC TREND INDICATED BY VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS AND LAKES IN THE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS

ＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＣＴＲＥＮＤＩＮＤＩＣＡＴＥＤＢＹＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＧＬＡＣＩＥＲＳＡＮＤＬＡＫＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＴＩＡＮＳＨＡＮＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＳ￥ＨｕＲｕｊｉ；ＹａｎｇＣｈｕａｎｄｅ；ＭａＨｏｎｇ；ＪｉａｎｇＦｅｎｇｑｉｎｇ（ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎ...     

HONG KONG DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA＇S MAINLAND： A SPATIAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE LOCATIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF INVESTORS

ＨＯＮＧ　ＫＯＮＧ　ＤＩＲＥＣＴ　ＩＮＶＥＳＴＭＥＮＴ　ＩＮ　ＣＨＩＮＡ＇Ｓ　ＭＡＩＮＬＡＮＤ：　Ａ　ＳＰＡＴＩＡＬ　ＳＴＵＤＹ　ＷＩＴＨ　ＳＰＥＣＩＡＬ　ＲＥＦＥＲＥＮＣＥ　ＴＯ　ＴＨＥ　ＬＯＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ　ＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＵＲ　ＯＦ　ＩＮＶＥＳＴ...     

LAND RESOURCES SURVEY BY REMOTE SENSING AND ANALYSIS OF LAND CARRYING CAPACITY FOR POPULATION IN TUMEN RIVER REGION

ＬＡＮＤ　ＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳ　ＳＵＲＶＥＹ　ＢＹ　ＲＥＭＯＴＥ　ＳＥＮＳＩＮＧ　ＡＮＤ　ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ　ＯＦ　ＬＡＮＤ　ＣＡＲＲＹＩＮＧ　ＣＡＰＡＣＩＴＹ　ＦＯＲ　ＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮ　ＩＮ　ＴＵＭＥＮ　ＲＩＶＥＲ　ＲＥＧＩＯＮＬＡＮＤＲＥＳＯＵＲ...     

APPLICATION OF GIS IN ANALYZING ECOSYSTEM＇S RELATIVE SENSITIVITY TO ACID DEPOSITION

ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＧＩＳ　ＩＮ　ＡＮＡＬＹＺＩＮＧ　ＥＣＯＳＹＳＴＥＭ＇Ｓ　ＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥ　ＳＥＮＳＩＴＩＶＩＴＹ　ＴＯ　ＡＣＩＤ　ＤＥＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＧＩＳＩＮＡＮＡＬＹＺＩＮＧＥＣＯＳＹＳＴＥＭ＇ＳＲＥＬＡ...     

THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGROTOPOCLIMATIC RESOURCES IN THE WARM SECTORS OF THE THREE GORGES AREA OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

罗洪，邓先瑞ＴＨＥＶＥＲＴＩＣＡＬＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＧＲＯＴＯＰＯＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＣＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＷＡＲＭＳＥＣＴＯＲＳＯＦＴＨＥＴＨＲＥＥＧＯＲＧＥＳＡＲＥＡＯＦＴＨＥＣＨＡＮＧＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲ￥ＤｅｎｇＸｉａｎｒｕｉ；...     

FACTORS AFFECTING FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT IN CHINA──A Case Study

ＦＡＣＴＯＲＳ ＡＦＦＥＣＴＩＮＧ ＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮ ＡＮＤ ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴ ＯＦ ＴＨＥ ＵＲＢＡＮ ＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＩＡＬ ＤＩＳＴＲＩＣＴ ＩＮ ＣＨＩＮＡ──Ａ Ｃａｓｅ ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＣａｏｈｅｊｉｎｇＨｉ－ＴｅｃｈＰａｒｋｉｎＳｈ...     

基于MODIS数据的太湖浮游植物物候变化及其对水表温度的响应

浮游植物物候能够反映浮游植物的生长变化与湖泊生态系统的变化,水温、营养盐浓度等因素对物候有重要影响。太湖富营养化程度较高,水温的影响作用日趋显著,物候与水温关系的研究对理解、控制和改善太湖生态系统具有重要意义。本研究利用2003—2018年MODIS遥感数据计算浮游植物物候指标和湖泊水表温度（Temperature of Water Surface,LSWT）,通过分析太湖浮游植物物候时空变化特点探究了不同区域的物候特征,并结合LSWT揭示了浮游植物物候对LSWT变化的响应关系。结果表明：① 不同浮游植物物候指标具有不同空间分布特点,水华发生次数、峰值叶绿素a（Chla）浓度和水华总持续时间呈现由西部沿岸向湖心区递减的趋势;浮游植物生长开始时间和峰值Chla发生时间分布复杂但在沿岸区域相对较早;② 太湖可被划分为4种具有不同物候特征的区域,Ⅰ类区域主要位于贡湖湾、东部沿岸以及太湖中部开阔水域,该区Chla浓度范围为50~60 μg/L,且波动平缓,水华发生次数最少、开始最晚、持续时间最短;Ⅱ类区域主要分布于太湖西部沿岸,Chla浓度范围为50~90 μg/L且变化剧烈,该区水华发生次数最多、开始最早、持续时间最长;Ⅲ和Ⅳ类属于过渡区域,前者主要分布于梅梁湾、竺山湾及入湾口,后者主要位于南部沿岸以及太湖中部;③ 浮游植物物候对LSWT变化的响应受营养水平影响,当营养水平较高时,浮游植物的生长受LSWT的促进作用显著,LSWT年际变化的升高趋势对浮游植生长物候提前、生物量增加的影响明显,反之,则LSWT变化对浮游植物生长的影响减弱。     

太湖水质站网数据的主成分分析应用

本文采用主成分分析方法,对太湖湖区的水质站网数据进行了定量化研究,挖掘出对于表征水质状况的主成分变量贡献较大的水质指标,并分析了影响水质的主要原因和各个主成分的环境意义,最终求得主成分的综合得分并进行分级排序,结果表明:前四个主成分已经可以综合90%以上的因子信息,完全可以取代11个指标因子进行综合分析太湖湖区的水质状况。说明主成分分析方法克服了多维指标难以综合分析的缺陷,可能是未来水质综合分析的一种重要方法之一。     

Chronology and nutrients change in recent sediment of Taihu Lake,lower Changjiang River Basin,east China

Two short sediment cores named ZS and THS dated by the 210Pb or 137Cs method were collected from the northwest and southwest of Taihu Lake respectivly,and total organic carbon(TOC) and nutrients including total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were determined to analyze the chronology and nutrients change in recent sediment.The results show that 137Cs activities are low(less than 15 Bq/kg) in the two cores,attributed to the 137Cs migration.Based on 210Pb constant rate of supply(CRS) model,the sedimentation accumulation rates range from 0.13 g/(cm2·yr) to 0.76 g/(cm2·yr) in the ZS core,and from 0.10 g/(cm2·yr) to 0.56 g/(cm2·yr) in the THS core.A remarkable increase in organic matter and nutrients has occurred in the two dated cores since the mid-1980s.The historical changes of organic matter and nutrients in the two cores are consisitent with the monitoring data for surface sediment after the 1960s.The TP accumulation rates after the early 1980s are 0.97 and 0.92 times higher than those from the 1950s to the 1980s in ZS and THS cores,respectively.Higher TP concentrations in the past two-decade deposits of Taihu Lake are due to both diagenetic factors and human activities.     

Industrial and agricultural effects on water environment and its optimization in heavily polluted area in Taihu Lake Basin, China

The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcGIS spatial analysis, including geomorphologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spatial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment.     

Climatology and seasonal variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll a around the Shandong Peninsula

The chlorophyll a(Chl a) is an important indicator of marine ecosystems. The spatiotemporal variation of the Chl a greatly aff ects the mariculture and marine ranching in coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula. In the current study, the climatology and seasonal variability of surface Chl-a concentration around the Shandong Peninsula are investigated based on 16 years(December 2002–November 2018) of satellite observations. The results indicate that the annual mean Chl-a concentration is greater in the Bohai Sea than in the Yellow Sea and decreases from coastal waters to off shore waters. The highest Chl-a concentrations are found in Laizhou Bay(4.2–8.0 mg/m 3), Haizhou Bay(4.2–5.9 mg/m 3) and the northeast coast of the Shandong Peninsula(4.4–5.0 mg/m 3), resulting from the combined eff ects of the intense riverine input and long residence time caused by the concave shape of the coastline. The seasonal Chl-a concentration shows a signifi cant spatial variation. The Chl-a concentrations in these three subregions generally exhibit an annual maximum in August/September, due to the combined eff ects of sea surface temperature, river discharge and sea surface wind. In the southeast coast region, however, the Chl-a concentration is lowest throughout the year and reaches a maximum in February with a minimum in July, forced by the seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water and monsoon winds. The interannual Chl-a concentration trends vary among regions and seasons. There are signifi cant increasing trends over a large area around Haizhou Bay from winter to summer, which are mainly caused by the rising sea surface temperature and eutrophication. In other coastal areas, the Chl-a concentration shows decreasing trends, which are clearest in summer and induced by the weakening land rainfall. This study highlights the diff erences in the Chl-a dynamics among regions around the Shandong Peninsula and is helpful for further studies of coupled physical-ecological-human interactions at multiple scales.     

太湖水质参数MODIS的遥感定量提取方法

本文利用MODIS数据的可见光、近红外波段和准实时的地面采样数据,分别利用线性回归模型和神经网络模型反演了太湖的叶绿素a和悬浮物浓度.结果表明,利用MODIS数据的波段组合(M2/M8)和(M2/M9)可估算太湖的叶绿素a浓度;而MODIS数据的波段组合(M12/M17)、(M13/M17)及MODIS(M4)波段能定量估算太湖的悬浮物浓度,但估算精度仍不能满足实际需要.因此,构建了一个以MODIS可见光及近红外波段为输入,以太湖水质参数为输出的2层BP神经网络模型反演太湖的水质参数,大大提高了反演精度.     

Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Water Quality and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of Restored Wetland: A Case Study in Fujin National Wetland Park,China

To investigate the spatio-temporal and compositional variation of selected water quality parameters and understand the purifying effects of wetland in Fujin National Wetland Park(FNWP), China, the trophic level index(TLI), paired samples t-test and correlation analysis were used for the statistical analysis of a set of 10 water quality parameters. The analyses were based on water samples collected from 22 stations in FNWP between 2014 and 2016. Results initially reveal that total nitrogen(TN) concentrations are above class V levels(2 mg/L), total phosphorus(TP) concentrations are below class Ⅲ levels(0.2 mg/L), and that all other parameters fall within standard ranges. Highest values for TN, pH, and Chlorophyll-a were recorded in 2016, while the levels of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Mn)) and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5) were lowest during this year. Similarly, TN values were highest between 2014 and 2016 while dissolved oxygen(DO) concentrations were lowest in the summer and TP concentrations were highest in the autumn. Significant variations were also found in Secchi depth(SD), TN, CODMn(P 0.01), TP, and DO levels(P 0.05) between the inlet and outlet of the park. High-to-low levels of TN, TP, and TDS were found in cattails, reeds, and open water(the opposite trend was seen in SD levels). Tested wetland water had a light eutrophication status in most cases and TN and TP removal rates were between 7.54%–84.36% and 37.50%–70.83%, respectively. Data also show no significant annual changes in water quality within this wetland, although obvious affects from surrounding agricultural drainage were nevertheless recorded. Results reveal a high major nutrient removal efficiency(N and P). The upper limits of these phenomena should be addressed in future research alongside a more efficient and scientific agricultural layout for the regions in and around the FNWP.     

BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES OF SEA-SURFACE MICROLAYER （SML） IN DAYA BAY, CHINA IIA. BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SML AND THE CORRELATION AMONG THEM

Two cruises for multi-discipline investigation were conducted in October and November,1998 in Daya Bay to collect: (1) samples from five levels including sea-surface microlayer (SML), subsurface (SSL), surface, body (mid-column) and bottom water; and (2) observational data on chlorephylla and notri-eras, and important factors such as turbidity, BOD, COD, TN, TP and phytoplanklon. Results showed that there was no enrichment of chlorophyll-a in the SML, but quite notable enrichment of some organic matter and nutrients. Compared with the findings in earlier researches, PO4^-P and SiO3-Si have decreased, and the N/P ratio has increased obviously to even more than 100 in the SML. It is concluded preliminarily that PO4-P and SiO3-Si mainly determine phytoplankton growth in Daya Bay at present.     

Modelling spatial variation in the treatment costs of nonpoint source pollution in mountainous regions of southwest China

Non-point source(NPS) pollution is considered to be one of the main threats of the aquatic environment. Mountainous regions are particularly important water sources for urban areas. The various driving factors of NPS pollution such as terrain, precipitation, and vegetation type in mountainous regions show clear spatial heterogeneity. Consequently, the management systems required for NPS pollution in mountainous regions are complex. In this study, we developed a framework to estimate and map the treatment costs for NPS pollution in mountainous regions and applied this method in Baoxing County, a typical mountainous county in Sichuan Province of southwest China. The export levels of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in Baoxing County were estimated using the water purification model in InVEST(Itegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) tool. NPS pollutant treatment costs were calculated based on the level of pollutants exports, water yield, water quality targets, and treatment costs of NPS pollutants per unit mass. The results show that at the watershed level the amounts of TN and TP exported in Baoxing County were below threshold limits. However, at the sub-watershed level, TN and TP excesses of 291.64 and 2.96 tons per year were found, respectively, with mean TN and TP treatment costs of 6.58 US$/hm~2 and 0.35 US$/hm~2. Appraising pollution treatment cost intuitively reflects the overall expenditure in NPS pollution reduction from an economic perspective. This study provides a foundation for the implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Service(PES) and the prevention and control of NPS pollution.     

Effect and Risk Assessment of Animal Manure Pollution on Huaihe River Basin,China

Currently the deteriorated water quality for Huaihe River Basin(HRB) in China was still serious because of the negative influence multiple pollution sources including animal manure. However, little attention was paid to the potential risk of animal manure for farmland and water quality of HRB. This study was quantified and forecasted animal manure risk and its spatiotemporal variations in HRB from 2008 to 2018, through pollution discharge coefficient method and pollution load calculation, combined with kriging interpolation method of ArcGIS technology, based on statistics principle. All the data were originated from livestock and poultry breeding in HRB from 2008 to 2018. The future risk of farmland and water environment in HRB was further forecasted. The results indicated that the livestock and poultry manure has become a key pollution source causing a negative influence on farmland and water quality owing to a large amount of animal manure production without efficient recycle utilization. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) and total nitrogen(TN) discharge of animal manure in HRB almost accounted for 17.00% and 39.00% of the whole COD and TN discharge in China. The diffusion concentration of TN and TP in those regions of Shangqiu, Zhoukou, Heze, Zhumadian, Luohe, Jining, Xuchang,Kaifeng, Taian and Zhengzhou of HRB has exceeded the threshold value 10.00 mg/L of TN and 0.08 mg/L of TP, causing water eutrophication and cancer villages. The assessment of farmland and water quality risk revealed that Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Shangqiu, Taian, Jining, Heze, Linyi and Rizhao belonged to high risk areas in HRB, which were still obtained high farmland and water quality risk index in 2030. The results provided insight into an important significance of sustainable balance of livestock and poultry development and ecosystem in HRB.