地勘单位应贯彻实施GB／T19000—ISO9000系列标准

在分析地勘单位目前质量管理存在问题的基础上,论述了开展贯彻实施ＧＢ／Ｔ１９０００－ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准（简称贯标,下同）,建立健全质量体系,以现代企业制度管理地勘单位的现实意义。根据地勘工作及其成果的特点,将地勘工作划分为地质调查研究和勘查技术方法两大类,并建立了相应的质量管理模式,提出了贯标工作的几项重要保障措施。     

P／T之交一个大量缺氧的分层洋的发育及其水体的短暂大规模混合作…

通过研究日本丹波地体Ｓａｓａｙａｍａ剖面和秩父地体Ｔｅｎｊｉｎｍａｒｕ剖面，获得了全岩硫化物的系统硫同位素资料。这两条剖面跨越Ｐ／Ｔ界线，以燧石为主、为连续远洋沉积层序。Ｐ／Ｔ界线以硅质页岩和黑色碳质泥岩组合为特征，黑色碳质泥岩外貌与世界广布的Ｋ／Ｔ界线粘土岩相似。     

防汛移动车载卫星地面站

卫星通信方式在我国各专用通信网中得到了迅速的发展,这是因为卫星通信方式和地面各种通信方式相比具有很多独特的优点,能够满足专用通信网的许多要求,特别是近几年来迅速发展的小型卫星通信地面站（ＶＳＡＴ）系统更是引人瞩目。ＶＳＡＴ系统非常适合水利部门用于建设与地面通信网互为补充、互为备份的防汛通信专用网。１概述卫星通信,简单地说就是地球上（包括地面固定站、车载站;水面如舰船站;低层大气层如飞机等航空器）的无线电通信站利用人造卫星作中继站而进行的通信。卫星通信实际上是微波接力通信的一种特殊形式。随着通信需求急剧增长和卫星通信技术日益成熟,８０年代初发展起来一种新的卫星通信系统──ＶＳＡＴ（ＶＥＲＹＳＭＡＬＬＡＰＥＴＵＲＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＬ）,其中文含义为“甚小口径天线地球站“,通常是指天线口径小于２．４ｍ,Ｇ／Ｔ值（地球站天线接收增益与地球站接系统等效噪声温度比值）低于１９．７ｄＢ／ｋ的高智能化控制的地球站。ＶＳＡＴ按其承担的主要业务不同而分成两大类：一类是以数据传输和处理为主的小型数据地球站ＰＥＳ（ＰＥＲＳＯＮＡＬＥＡＲＴＨＳＴＡ－ＴＩＯＮ）;另一类是以话务为主,少量数据兼容的小型电话地球站ＴＥＳ（ＴＥＬＥＰＨＯＮＥＡ...     

地勘单位贯彻GB／T19000—ISO9000系列标准的前景分析

通过对地勘单位（企业）贯彻ＧＢ／Ｔ１９０００－ＩＳＯ９０００系列标准的特点、有利条件、应注意的问题等阐述,对地勘单位（企业）贯标的前景进行了分析。     

金龙山——丘卡林型锑金矿床稀土元素地球化学

金龙山－－丘岭卡林型Ｓｂ－Ａｕ矿床的形成受沉建造和岩相、剪切变表构造、反生成矿作用３种因素的控制,根据ＲＥＥ含量、组成和特征参数,即∑ＲＥＥ、∑ＶＣｅ／∑Ｙ、（Ｌａ／Ｓｍ（Ｎ、（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ、εＥｕ、εＣｅ,探讨了该矿床的稀土元素地球化学及它与金龙山一丘岭矿床形成和演化的关系。     

P／T之交陆生生物危机

澳大利亚东南部悉尼盆地沉积层序中，放射性年龄测定和同位素地层学的新成果得出了没位置的Ｐ／Ｔ界线。在澳大利亚东南部，２５１Ｍａ前的时间界线是植物群分异度和地方性种类突然减少，Ｇｌｏｓｓｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ植物群绝灭的时代。早三叠世植物分异度低，以石松类和伏腊杉针叶树为主。     

PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH－LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY IN THE UNITED STATES

ＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＩＮＴＨＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＡＨＩＧＨ－ＬＥＶＥＬＲＡＤＩＯＡＣＴＩＶＥＷＡＳＴＥＲＥＰＯＳＩＴＯＲＹＩＮＴＨＥＵＮＩＴＥＤＳＴＡＴＥＳ￥／／（美）ＰａｕｌＡ．Ｗｉｔｈｅｒｓｐｏｏｎ（ＬａｗｒｅｎｃｅＢｅｒｋｅｌｅｙＮａｔｉｏ...     

古代与现代海底黑矿型块状硫化物矿床矿石地球化学比较研究

选择西南太平洋冲绳海槽现代海底烟囱硫化物矿床、日本小坂矿山上向黑矿（第三纪）和中国西南呷村黑矿型矿床（三叠纪）进行了矿石地球化学比较研究。黑矿型矿床矿石吨位－品位模式与其他火山成因块状硫化物（ＶＭＳ）矿床类似，矿田（２０－５０ｋｍ＾２）矿石吨位与单个喷气－沉积型（Ｓｅｄｅｘ）矿床相当，金属总量４－６Ｍｔ，为矿田范围内热液流体搬运的最大金属量。与洋脊环境ＶＭＳ矿床相比，岛弧裂谷环境产出的黑矿型矿床相     

下扬子地区二叠纪缺氧环境沉积物V／（V＋Ni）特征

下扬子地区二叠纪缺氧环境沉积物Ｖ／（Ｖ＋Ｎｉ）特征李双应，金福全（合肥工业大学资源与环境科学系，合肥２３０００９）关键词Ｖ／（Ｖ＋Ｎｉ）比值，缺氧环境，二叠纪，下扬子地区下扬子地区二叠纪的缺氧沉积，近年来引起了许多研究者的关注［１～３］。这一方面是因...     

中祁连山东段史纳村一带湟源岩群表壳岩的变质作用及地化特征

甘、青交界处民和县史纳村一带早元古宙湟源岩群表壳岩属一套“有层无序”地层,岩石组合为石英岩、绢云（二云）石英片岩、黑云斜长石英片岩、含榴（十字）二云石英片岩、角闪片岩等。晋宁旋回主要发生了区域动力热流变质作用,出现了从低绿片岩相—低角闪岩相的递增变质带,高峰期变质条件Ｐ＝３．８×１０８～４．８×１０８Ｐａ,Ｔ＝５５８～６４５℃。该套岩层具“褶叠层”性质,新测得Ｓｍ－Ｎａ全岩等时线年龄为１９００Ｍａ,为古元古代地质事件。变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹具逆时针特征,表明此时为活动大陆边缘或是大陆岛弧环境。地质、地球化学资料表明湟源岩群表壳岩形成于大陆边缘裂谷环境,碎屑岩Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ＝５．２８×１０－２,Ｖ／Ｎｉ＝７,Ｓｃ／Ｎｉ＝１,Ｓｃ／Ｓｒ＝０．１。     

岩浆熔体NBO／T值计算法的改进

本文提出了一种更切合实际的NBO/T值计算方法。挥发分对熔体结构影响较大,计算NBO/T值时必须予以考虑。岩浆岩是岩浆在演化过程中逸失大量挥发分后冷却结晶的产物,需用热力学方法计算熔体的挥发组分特别是水的含量。水主要由OH~-对NBO/T值产生影响,提出了计算熔体X_(OH)和相应调整其他氧化物在熔体中含量的公式。对于H_2O、F、CO_2和P_2O_5如何参加计算的问题也作了讨论。     

浙江长兴煤山剖面P/T界线附近粘土矿物研究

通过对浙江长兴煤山(D)剖面二叠系-三叠系 (P/T)界线附近地层中的粘土矿物分析,显示粘土矿物的组合及含量的变化同粘土矿物的结晶度没有必然的联系,而同地层组段的变化相一致,粘土矿物组合的变化反映了当时的气候、物源及地理条件的变化;同时,伊利石的结晶度也不具有地层梯度的特征。但是,无论是粘土矿物组合还是伊利石结晶度,在P/T界线附近都发生了明显的变化,表明本区当时海洋酸碱度和温度的剧烈变化,这可能导致了二叠纪末期海洋生物的大规模灭绝。     

Barium anomaly preceding K/T boundary: possible causes and implications on end Cretaceous events of K/T sections in Cauvery basin (India), Israel, NE-Mexico and Guatemala

Maastrichtian–Danian strata of the Cauvery basin as well as selected sections of NE-Mexico, Guatemala and Israel record Ba anomalies, away from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (KTB) in addition to common occurrences of geochemical and stable isotopic anomalies across the KTB. Ba anomalies were recorded in monotonous shallow marine sandstones of the Cauvery basin (south India) which contain minor amounts of Ba-orthoclase. Barium anomalies were observed also in shallow marine carbonates in sections of Israel, NE-Mexico and Guatemala. Calculation of excess Ba with reference to PAAS (Post-Archaen Average Australian Shale), comparison of coeval geochemical anomalies, depositional pattern and associated petrographic and mineralogical features of the Cauvery basin revealed that while a first Ba peak was related to detrital influx, the second Ba peak was coincident with sea level fall which in turn may have been influenced by emission of volatile hydrocarbons and resultant climatic changes. In view of intrinsic involvement of Ba in various geochemical processes and occurrence of Ba anomalies in K/T sites distributed around the world (NE-Mexico, Guatemala and Israel), it is suggested that probable causes of such widespread Ba-anomalies should be taken into consideration while analyzing end Cretaceous events. These observations support the views espoused by many workers who have stated that the K/T boundary was also accompanied by many non-catastrophic events that might have contributed to environmental stress on marine fauna, as a result of which selective multi-stage extinctions occurred.     

Characterization of Iron Grains near the P/T Boundary in the Meishan Section of China

The Meishan section of China has been confirmed as the ＂Global Stratotype Section and Point＂ of the P/T boundary. In the section, the authors found several types of iron grains, including pyrite, pure iron grains and goethite. From the research of macro minerals, it is easy to find that the grains rich in iron appear from the bottom of the event layer of the section. In other words, it is probably residue of the geochemical catastrophe of that time. Therefore, it is important to trace the source of these iron grains and their relationships, which probably provides evidence for volcanic eruption or impact-volcanoes and has directive significance to the crisis during the P/T transitional period. Through the study of the characterization and relationships of these iron grains, the authors make a preliminary discussion on the P/T mass extinction.     

High iridium concentration of alkaline rocks of Deccan and implications to K/T boundary

We report here an unusually high concentration of iridium in some alkali basalts and alkaline rocks of Deccan region having an age of about 65Ma, similar to the age of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. The alkali basalts of Anjar, in the western periphery of Deccan province, have iridium concentration as high as 178pg/g whereas the alkaline rocks and basalts associated with the Amba Dongar carbonatite complex have concentrations ranging between 8 and 80 pg/g. Some of these values are more than an order of magnitude higher than the concentration in the tholeiitic basalts of Deccan, indicating the significance of alkaline magmatism in the iridium inventory at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Despite higher concentration, their contribution to the global inventory of iridium in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clays remains small. The concentration of iridium in fluorites from Amba Dongar was found to be <30 pg/g indicating that iridium is not incorporated during their formation in hydrothermal activity.     

贵州乐康二叠／三叠系界线剖面的有机碳同位素异常及其意义

本文研究了贵州望谟乐康深水槽谷相二叠／三叠系界线剖面的有机碳同位素记录。研究结果表明,乐康剖面上二叠统δ13Corg值的变化幅度不大,越过第34层进入第35层以后,在WL－16号样品层位上,δ13Corg值突然从WL－15号样品的-25．419‰降低到-28．235‰,衰减幅度达到近3‰;其后δ13Corg值逐渐回升,并进入下三叠统。根据δ13Corg值的突然衰减正好发生在第34,35层的界线过渡层内这一事实,我们认为乐康剖面的P／T界线应划在第35层的WL－16号样品层位上。由于沉积有机物的碳同位素组成与海洋生物原始生产率（primaryproductivity）密切相关,因此,贵州乐康二叠／三叠系界线剖面的有机碳同位素变化曲线,不仅可以作为精确划分地层界线的一种新的有效手段,而且反映了海洋原始生产率的变化情况。     

K/T界线铂族元素丰度异常与地外撞击事件

遍布全球的Ｋ／Ｔ界线粘土层不仅存在着铱的丰度异常,其它铂族元素的含量也异常高,并且基本上保持着类似与地外物质中的丰度分布模式,实验表明,在粘土层中铂族元素主要呈可交换离子相和难溶金属相的形式存在在,而在硫化物和硅酸盐相中的含量却很低,这与铂族元素来源于地外物体撞击的成因解释是一致的。     

贵州紫云剖面P/T界面附近碳氧同位素的变化及生物绝灭事件

:贵州南部紫云剖面由上二叠统长兴组的碳酸盐台地边缘沉积体系、下三叠统罗楼组的碳酸盐浅海陆棚沉积体系、以及下三叠统紫云组的半深海深海沉积体系组成。在前两种沉积体系中选取 18块样品进行碳、氧同位素测试。测试的结果表明 :上二叠统长兴组δ13 C平均值为 2 4 8‰ ,保持了较高的正值 ,δ18O平均值为 - 4 19‰ ;在P/T界面附近 ,δ13 C ,δ18O值都有显著的降低 ,δ13 C值由 2 71‰陡降至 - 0 90‰ ,变化幅度达 3 6 1‰ ,δ18O值由 - 5 0 3‰降为- 9 4 6‰ ,变化幅度可达 4 4 3‰ ;下三叠统罗楼组下部 ,δ13 C值为负值及低正值 ,出现明显的δ13 C值低异常 ,而δ18O值则比较稳定 ,介于 - 4 6 6‰和 - 5 6 2‰之间 ,平均值为 - 5 2 8‰。罗楼组上部 ,δ13 C值有回升的趋势。由于生物对轻碳具有重要的分馏作用 ,因此 ,P/T界面附近δ13 C值的显著变化反映了一次生物大量绝灭的过程。由δ18O值的变化反映出的生物绝灭的外因主要有温度和盐度两方面。从δ18O值可计算出在P/T界面处古温度有 4～ 5℃的升降 ,这势必影响到狭温生物的生存 ;从δ18O值计算出的Z值来看 ,古盐度也有小幅度的变化 ,加速了狭盐度生物的绝灭。事实上 ,生物的绝灭可能是海平面变化、火山事件、温度变化及盐度变化多种因素的综合     

P–T conditions for the Arendal granulites, southern Norway: implications for the roles of P, T and CO2 in deep crustal LILE-depletion

Abstract The orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene, garnet-orthopyroxene and garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometers, and the garnet-orthopyroxene-plagioclase, garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclase and anorthite-ferrosilite-grossular-almandine-quartz geobarometers are applied to metabasites and the garnetplagioclase-sillimanite-quartz geobarometer is applied to a metapelite from the Proterozoic Arendal granulite terrain, Bamble sector, Norway. P–T conditions of metamorphism were 7.3 ± 0.5 kbar and 800 ± 60°C.
This terrain shows a regional gradation from the amphibolite facies, into normal LILE content granulite facies rocks and finally strongly LILE deficient granulite facies gneisses. Neither P nor T vary significantly across the entire transition zone. The change in 'grade'parallels the increasing dominance of CO₂ over H₂O in the fluid phase.
LILE-depletion is not a pre-condition of granulite facies metamorphism: granulites may have either 'depleted'or 'normal'chemistries. The results presented herein show that LILE-deficiency in granulite facies orthogneisses is not necessarily related to variations in either P or T . The important mechanisms in the Arendal terrain were (a) direct synmetamorphic crystallization from magma, with primary LILE-poor mineralogies imposed by the prevailing fluid regime, and (b) metamorphic depletion, involving scavenging of LILEs during flushing by mantle-derived CO₂-rich fluids. The latter process is constrained by U–Pb and Rb–Sr isotopic work to have occurred no later than 50 Ma after intrusion of the acid-intermediate gneisses, and was probably associated with contemporary basic magmatism in a tectonic environment similar to a present day cordilleran continental margin.