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应用界面化学理论与实验方法分析了膨润土在酸性水溶液中的溶解反应特征,进而探讨其反应机理。膨润土在酸性水溶液中的溶解受到矿物表面吸附、离子交换和解吸附等界面化学过程的制约,与溶液中的酸度、反应时间及温度有关。处于粘土结构单元中不同位置的离子溶解趋势不同。探讨了膨润土在不同条件下Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Al3+溶出的特征,Ca2+的溶解是吸附控制过程,Mg2+、Fe3+、Al3+是吸附和反应控制的综合结果。 相似文献
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利用γ-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂与活化硅胶表面的羟基反应,制备了硅烷化硅胶,所得产物与壳聚糖反应合成了硅胶/壳聚糖复合吸附材料。通过红外光谱分析(IR),扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析对复合材料进行表征,并测试了硅胶/壳聚糖复合材料对Zn^2+、Cd^2+的吸附能力。结果表明:复合吸附材料对Zn^2+、Cd^2+具有很好的吸附能力,最大吸附率为96.01%及90.65%。 相似文献
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研究了电气石微粉吸附水中Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的过程,讨论了吸附时间、粒度、用量和pH值等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了电气石对含Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+废水的吸附机理。电气石加工成超细粉体时,表面产生大量的不饱和键,在溶液中与水配位,使水发生解离生成羟基化表面,将重金属离子吸附到晶体负极,使局部金属离子浓度增高与电气石表面羟基离解而产生的氢氧根离子发生反应,形成各种沉淀或碱式盐析出,直到溶液中各种离子浓度达到平衡时为止。提出了凡是氢氧化物难溶于水的金属离子,理论上都可以使用电气石微粉进行吸附净化处理的观点。研究结果表明,电气石微粉对Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+有较好的吸附效果。 相似文献
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四川盆地安岳区块具有良好的油气生成、储藏等地质构造条件,但多年的油气勘探,只发现少量的油和气。近年来,在该区内运用轻烃(C1)、重烃(C+2)、后生碳酸盐(ΔC)、吸附相态汞(Hg)、电导率(Ks)和二价铁(Fe2+)等化探方法,分析研究了C1、C+2、ΔC和Hg等指标化探异常的分布规律,统计烃类比值:干燥系数(C1/ΣCn)、平衡系数(C1+C2/C3+C4+C5)和湿度系数(C2+C3+C4/C1+C2+C3+C4)·100,认为该区地下油气藏已处于逸散晚期演化阶段,阐明了该区油气保存条件差的原因。 相似文献
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基于主成分分析的孔雀河灌区地下水化学成分评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
依据孔雀河灌区内地下水水样的水质化验数据,应用主成分分析法,分析了地下水化学成分与矿化度指标之间的关系。结果表明:前3个主成分累计贡献率已达92.31%,故提取3个主成分已能满足要求;矿化度变化主要受SO4^2-、Mg^2+、Na^+、Cl^-、K^+、Ca^2+影响。 相似文献
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海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷兴安岭群储层粘土矿物组成及特征研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
海拉尔盆地地质条件及其复杂,储层粘土矿物含量高,极大影响了油气资源的高效开发。通过对X-射线衍射,偏光显微镜观察和扫描电镜分析,确定贝尔凹陷贝16断块兴安岭群粘土类型及含量,阐明了其组合及纵向分布特征,并对水敏性极强的钠蒙脱石及其间层矿物进行了详细研究。研究表明,兴安岭群储层自上而下存在3种粘土矿物组合:S+K+(C)→K+I/S+I+(C)→I+C+S/C+I/S。由地层浅部到深部,粘土矿物含量呈现由高到低的变化规律。凝灰质的水解蚀变及长石和中、酸性岩屑在成岩过程中的次生变化是造成海拉尔地区粘土含量高的主要原因。 相似文献
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粘土中氯离子的测定方法改进实验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对目前国内测定粘土中的氯离子采用碱熔分解、硫氰酸汞比色法所存在的问题,进行了改进实验。采用硝酸溶解样品,有效地消除了S^2-对Cl^-的干扰,用洗涤好的滤纸过滤,在硝酸酸度为1.0mol/L条件下,用硫氰酸汞显色测定,达到了好的效果,提高了方法的精密度,完全能达到水泥原料的规定要求。该方法操作简便、快速、实用,适宜大批量样品的分析测试。 相似文献
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大理岩型石墨矿中固定碳的测定方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用稀王水溶解样品,过滤,洗涤,以消除碳酸盐,硫化物,可溶性铁,浮炭,有机物和化合水对测定固定碳的干扰。在600℃灰化滤纸并线化固定碳90min称重,然后在1000℃灼烧至恒重,前后两次重量之差值为固定碳的结果。与原用850℃灼烧重量法相比较,该法避免了固定碳在第一次灼烧中被氧化损失,分析结果的准确度与吸收重量法和气体体积法相符。 相似文献
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A method is described to predict P2O5 content in the product (of phosphate beneficiation by calcination) as a function of the composition of an untreated and also of a washed raw material. The method consisted of: (a) developing an on-line multielement analysis by XRF; (b) finding the elemental and mineralogical relationships in the product, by factor analysis; (c) determination of the independent variables; (d) finding the relationships between the concentrations of the impurity variables in the raw material and in the product; (e) developing a linear model to predict P2O5 content. The predictions are used for mining and for plant control. 相似文献
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泥浆钻进的第四系抽水钻孔,强化洗井后,只能部分消除泥浆钻进的影响。尤其在弱含水岩层中,洗井的目的难以达到。即使在强含水岩层中,洗井的效果也只是近似的和相对的。 相似文献
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An assessment was carried out on the pollution impact potentials of drilling waste generated from wells X and Y in “Eden Field,” offshore Niger Delta. Eleven samples each were collected from well X (8 treated and 3 untreated cuttings) and well Y (6 treated cuttings and 5 spent muds). The samples were subjected to three separate analyses, namely, oil-on-cutting analysis using Dean and Stark reflux method, heavy metal analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Unicam 929), and toxicity test analysis using bioassay procedure on test organisms such as Desmoscaris trispinosa and Palaemonetes africanus all in attempt to detect their pollution potential. The results showed that the oil-on-cutting analysis for the well X samples was between 15.8 and 17.5 % for unwashed cuttings and between 4.6 and 5.1 % for washed cuttings, while that for well Y samples was between 3.49 and 4.27 % for washed cuttings and 1.69 to 2.59 % for the drill mud samples. The heavy metal analysis on the wells X and Y samples showed absence of mercury, cadmium concentration ranged from 0.52 to 0.99 mg/kg for well X and from 0.69 to 0.78 mg/kg for well Y samples. The result of the toxicity test of samples from well X on D. trispinosa showed that 96-h LC50 occurred at 9800 to 10,900 mg/l for the washed drill cutting and 6200 to 6700 mg/l for the unwashed drill cuttings. On the other hand, the toxicity test on P. africanus indicated more resistant to the toxicity of the drill cuttings as 96-h LC50 was achieved at higher concentrations. At 96-h exposure, the concentration that killed 50 % of the test organism (LC50) occurred at 14,000 to 16,900 mg/l for the washed cuttings and 10,300 to 11,350 mg/l for the unwashed cuttings. Similarly, the 96-h LC50 was achieved on washed drill cuttings from well Y at concentrations of 9800 to 10,400 mg/l using D. tripinosa and 11,600 to 17,200 mg/l using P. africanus. The study has shown that oil-on-cutting content, heavy metal concentrations, and toxicity level did not indicate any major risk to the environment as the treatment and cleaning of the drilling wastes on the rig helped in reducing the concentration of all the contaminants in compliance with the regulatory limits. 相似文献
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非线性破坏准则下的边坡稳定塑性极限分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用塑性分析上限定理,考虑岩土介质本身的非线性破坏准则,对各种不同破裂面边坡稳定性分析进行研究。针对破坏边坡破裂面不同,采用外切直线法来分析其上限解,推导出非线性破坏准则下的边坡稳定性系数计算公式,并对较复杂的对数螺旋线破裂面边坡提出初始切线法,较好地求出塑性极限分析上限解。将在非线性破坏准则下按对数螺旋线破裂面推导出的塑性极限分析上限解运用于实际边坡工程,其结果与精确塑性分析结果非常接近,为非线性破坏准则下的边坡稳定塑性极限分析提供了一条新的思路与方法。 相似文献
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The formation of the magnesium silicate minerals forsterite, enstatite, and roedderite by heating of amorphous “protosilicate” gels precipitated from aqueous solution has been studied by 29Si MAS nmr. Gentle drying of the hydrogels at 110° C gives materials with broad nmr signals that do not differ appreciably with preparation conditions, but the minerals formed by heating at 750° C or higher are greatly dependent on the precipitation and washing conditions of the original gel. The rare mineral roedderite, best known from studies of unequilibrated enstatite chondrite meteorites, becomes a major species along with forsterite when the hydrogels are washed with sodium hydroxide solution before drying and heating to 750° C. 相似文献
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论述了用最小一乘法估计两变数线性回归模型中的参数。计算方法为:通过定点的解法,一般解法,两点法和单纯形法。对于最小一乘解,在实际分析时会出现一些问题,如解的不灵敏性、解的多重性以及突出点的多少对回归线有不同影响等。 相似文献