阿刀亥矿区CP2煤段粘土岩夹矸研究

内蒙大青山煤田ＣＰ２煤段含粘土岩夹矸多达４０余层。与上覆ＣＰ３砾岩段冲刷接触的煤段顶板和顶部粘土岩夹矸，为伊利石或伊利石－高岭石粘土岩。其下煤段中夹矸及底板为高岭石粘土岩，均发生了不同程度的铵云母化和一水硬铝石化。鳞片状、纤维状、条片状及晶粒假象铵云母沿粘土岩夹矸的节理裂隙呈脉状产出；微、细晶一水硬铝石沿碳质碎屑条带及富有机质的高岭石基质条带分布。这些特征表明，在有Ｋ＾＋离子带入的开放条件下，粘土     

滇东黔西晚二叠世煤系中火山灰蚀变粘土岩的元素地球化学特征

对滇东?黔西晚二叠世煤系中同沉积火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸?正常沉积粘土岩和煤层共采46件样品,用多种仪器分析方法测定微量元素30余种?研究表明,煤系各层段中赋存的夹矸是由性质不同的火山灰沉积蚀变形成的,各层夹矸的微量元素含量及组合关系各有特点并在较大范围内保持良好的稳定性,可用于判定层位;正常沉积粘土岩与夹矸的原始物质性质不同,其微量元素含量和组合面貌各有自己特定的分布范围,两者易于区别?     

煤系高岭石粘土岩的理论与应用研究

我国北方煤系中的高岭石粘土岩是具有很高经济价值的共生矿产,在煤田勘探中应予充分注意,进行详细研究和评价.它有沉积和火山灰蚀变两种成因,不同成因的矿层具有不同的特征.指出渭北太原组5煤的高岭石夹矸属火山灰成因,11煤高岭石夹矸是沉积产物.软质高岭土全属沉积成因,多产于中、新生代煤系中.     

陕西韩城11号煤层粘土岩夹矸中一水硬铝石的研究

本文简要叙述了１１号层粘土岩夹矸的层位、分布及岩矿特征。粘土岩夹矸中的一水硬铝石晶粒常呈平行于层一是面的细纹、似薄层状聚集于富含碳质及有机质的粘土岩条带中。     

中国西南地区晚二叠世含煤岩系中粘土岩夹矸(TONSTEINS)研究的新进展

自1961年首次在云南东部宜威组煤层中发现高岭石粘土岩夹矸(tonsteins)以来(戴恒贵),近20年间,对粘土岩夹矸相继进行了多方面的研究和广泛应用,取得了显著的地质效果。1981年,自滇东粘土岩夹矸中成功地分离、鉴定了组合比较单一的若干高温矿物(主要有β石英、锆英石、独居石、磷灰石等),并用SEM研究了这些矿物的形态学特征。通过与国外同类岩石比较,确认其为中、酸性火山灰同期沉积蚀变的产物。粘土岩夹矸独特的成因及其在大范围内的稳定性、可比性,引起了国内有关方面的关注,促进了其他地区对tonsteins的发现和应用.本文拟就近5年来所获得的新资料作一初步概括和介绍。一、区域地质概况及采样点分布本区包括四川少东南部、云南省东部及贵州省大部地区,总面积10万平方千米以上。区     

滇东晚二叠世煤田中火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸(TONSTEIN)的锆石特征

本文就滇东晚二叠世含煤沉积中同沉积火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸和正常沉积粘土岩的锆石进行了统计学和形态学研究.该两种不同成因类型的粘土岩中锆石含量及形态面貌有显著区别.tonsteins中锆石形态参数统计规律因层位而异;同层位tonstein的锆石含量和形态参数在平面上呈有规律地变化.系统研究含煤建造剖面上各类岩石(包括tonsteins)中的锆石特征,能够用以确定物质来源、性质、成因以及以此为基本建立正常地层层序并精确对比层位,因而具有理论和实用意义.     

滇东晚二叠世煤田中火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸(TONSTEIN)的锆石特征

本文就滇东晚二叠世含煤沉积中同沉积火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸和正常沉积粘土岩的锆石进行了统计学和形态学研究.该两种不同成因类型的粘土岩中锆石含量及形态面貌有显著区别.tonsteins中锆石形态参数统计规律因层位而异;同层位tonstein的锆石含量和形态参数在平面上呈有规律地变化.系统研究含煤建造剖面上各类岩石(包括tonsteins)中的锆石特征,能够用以确定物质来源、性质、成因以及以此为基本建立正常地层层序并精确对比层位,因而具有理论和实用意义.     

华北石炭——二叠纪煤系粘土岩夹矸中铝的氢氧化物矿物研究

华北石炭——二叠纪煤系太原组和山西组不同煤层粘土岩夹矸中,广泛含有一水软铝石、一水硬铝石和三水铝石。大多数一水铝石矿物呈薄纹层状、似层状及层状聚集于富岩质及富有有机质粘土岩夹矸条带中,有的呈细脉状沿炭质条带及粘土岩夹矸层理的节理裂隙分布,并与玉髓、方解石、高岭石或迪开石和铵云母细脉共生。铝的氢氧化物矿物可以作为成岩古温度和成岩阶段划分的标志矿物。最后还讨论了该矿物的成因。     

华北聚煤区火山灰蚀变粘土岩夹矸的研究

本文论述了火山灰蚀为粘土岩夹矸的层位和分布，对结构构造作了系统分类及命名，首次在我国粘土岩夹矸中发现了较广泛分布的铵云母，还有伊利石和纳云母。成因矿物标型特征的研究为探索原始物质提供了可信的证据。     

华北石炭─二叠纪煤系粘土岩夹矸中铝的氢氧化物矿物研究

华北石炭─二叠纪煤系太原组和山西组不同煤层粘土岩夹矸中，广泛含有一水软铝石、一水硬铝石和三水铝石。大多数一水铝石矿物呈薄纹层状、似层状及层状聚集于富岩质及富有有机质粘土岩夹矸条带中，有的呈细脉状沿炭质条带及粘土岩夹矸层理的节理裂隙分布，并与玉髓、方解石、高岭石或迪开石和铵云母细脉共生。铝的氢氧化物矿物可以作为成岩古温度和成岩阶段划分的标志矿物。最后还讨论了该矿物的成因。     

Kaolin-Kohlentonsteine im flözführenden Oberkarbon des Niederrheinisch-Westfälischen Steinkohlenreviers

Starting from general considerations of the rocks existing in the Ruhr Carboniferous and the mineral layers in coal seams, an informative review is given about the definition of clay stones and kaolin coal tonsteins as well as about the stratigraphic distribution of key horizons with special regard to the kaolin coal tonsteins. Information follows about the first evidence of individual kaolin coal tonsteins, their existence in the normal geologic columns and more recent stratigraphic sections as well as about the concentration of repositories. Besides, the kaolin coal tonsteins are characterized according to their macroscopic and microscopic external form. The paper reports about their material constituents (mineral components, trace elements, anorganic chemical constituents and organic substances in form of coal hydrates and amino acids). The paper closes with some statements about the importance and utilization of kaolin coal tonsteins to solve local and regional duties in mining geology.     

Namurian bentonites in the Pennine Basin, UK – origin and magmatic affinities

Nine Namurian clay bands retrieved from boreholes in the northern part of the Pennine Basin are, on the basis of their petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry, shown to be volcanic in origin and are therefore bentonites. The bentonites, which have a fragmental texture, are normally graded and show rare preservation of shard textures, representing vitric tuff deposits that have been altered subsequently to clay-dominated horizons. Crystals are a minor component of the bentonites, but biotite, in particular, is concentrated at the base of the beds. A clay mineral assemblage of mixed-layer illite–smectite with subordinate kaolinite identifies most of the samples as K-bentonites, but kaolinite dominates two samples that can be classed as tonsteins. Temporal variation of salinity within the depositional basin is suggested to explain these different clay assemblages. The major element geochemistry of the bentonites reflects their clay mineralogy and the compositions of diagenetic minerals present, the latter including pyrite, carbonates and hydroxyapatite. Enrichment of the bentonites in some trace elements (including Ba, Sr, Pb, Cu and Ni) can be related to the presence of the diagenetic minerals, but the extent to which the elements are added from external sources as opposed to being redistributed within the ash is unclear. Immobile trace element systematics suggest a rhyodacite/dacite composition for the original ash and derivation from the collision of plates, this being supported by evidence provided by the rare earth elements (REE) in one group of samples. However, in another group of samples, variations in REE concentrations may be caused by mobility of these elements during alteration. The chemistry of the Namurian bentonites contrasts markedly with that of the local Carboniferous volcanics but is comparable, in some respects, with one group of Westphalian tonsteins, although the latter are more rhyolitic in character. It is suggested that the Namurian bentonites and the Westphalian tonsteins of acid affinities originated from volcanic activity associated with a destructive plate margin in the Variscan externides and that the observed compositional trend may reflect magma evolution possibly related to the progressive east–west closure.     

晋城矿区粘土矿物特征及沉积-成岩响应

在X射线衍射和扫描电镜观测的基础上,结合区域沉积演化分析,探讨了晋城矿区粘土类型、组合特征、微观结构与沉积-成岩作用的关系。结果表明,晋城矿区粘土矿物以高岭石为主,其次为伊利石和伊利石/蒙脱石混层,还有少量的绿泥石和蒙脱石;山西组粘土矿物颗粒排列定向性优于太原组,多呈带状或平叠状产出,而太原组多为蜂巢状、花朵状或凝絮状;由于太原期频繁的海侵海退致使煤层顶底板处于pH值较高的碱性环境,使成岩过程中高岭石向伊利石转化,造成太原组粘土矿物的伊利石含量明显高于山西组,而高岭石含量相对较低。     

从煤的变质程度看夹矸转化

通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征,探讨了其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。通过样品的显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等一系列测试结果的分析研究,发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石因受不同因素的影响而发生不同的转化,即:高岭石向伊利石转化,伊利石-蒙脱石(I/M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。其主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质影响所致。     

Normative mineral composition of high-temperature coal ashes from the Sydney basin coalfields,Australia

Chemical differences in the composition of high-temperature coal ashes of major economic seams of the Sydney Basin were studied using a normative analysis. All chemical data were recalculated to normative mineral assemblages consisting of: quartz, kaolinite and illite. Quartz and clay minerals, the principal constituents of mineral matter occurring in coals, account for most of the variations found in the chemical composition of high-temperature coal ashes between seams of various stratigraphic levels and/or geographic locations. Ternary diagrams based on the quantitative relation of quartz, kaolinite and illite were used to demonstrate these differences.     

Depositional conditions of the coal-bearing Hirka Formation beneath Late Miocene explosive volcanic products in NW central Anatolia,Turkey

This work focuses on the relationship between the coal deposition and explosive volcanism of the Miocene basin, NW central Anatolia, Turkey. The coal-bearing Hirka Formation was deposited over the Galatian Andesitic Complex and/or massive lagoonal environments during the Miocene. The investigated lignite is a high ash (from 32 to 58%) and sulphur (from 1.43 to 3.03%) lignite which is petrographically characterised by a high humunite content. The mineral matter of the studied lignite samples is made up of mainly clay minerals (illite-smectite and kaolinite), plagioclase and quartz in Bolu coal field, clay minerals (illite-smectite, smectite and illite), quartz, calcite, plagioclase and gypsum in Seben coal field, quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) in K?br?sc?k, and dolomite, quartz, clinoptilolite, opal CT and gypsum in Çaml?dere coal field. The differences in these four types of lignite with specific mineralogical patterns may be due to the explosive volcanic events and depositional conditions which changed from one coal field to the others. There is a zonation from SW to SE in the studied area for zeolites such as Opal CT+smectite-clinoptilolite-analcime-K-feldspar. Carbonate minerals are commonly calcite in Seben and K?br?sc?k coal fields. In Bolu, coal samples are devoid of calcite and dolomite. These analyses show that there is an increase in the amount of Mg and a decrease in the amount of Na from the northwestern part to the southern part in the study area.     

Environmental controls on clay mineralogy of an Early Jurassic mudrock (Blue Lias Formation,southern England)

We present a dataset including clay mineralogy, gamma-ray spectrometry, organic matter content and magnetic susceptibility of the Hettangian to lowest Sinemurian successions of Dorset and Somerset, southern UK (Blue Lias Formation, Bristol Channel and Wessex basins). In both areas, the clay assemblages comprise predominantly detrital illite, kaolinite and illite/smectite mixed layers. Clays probably originated from the erosion of the Hercynian massifs, the relative proportions of kaolinite and illite being modulated by arid-humid climatic fluctuations. The organic matter (OM) content (types II to IV) ranges up to 12% in both areas. A clear stratigraphical trend in clay mineral assemblages is apparent in Somerset, whereas in Dorset sharp contrasts between adjacent horizons and a greater dilution by carbonate mask the long-term evolution. Correlations between both areas based on similar vertical trends in clay mineral abundance support the suggestion of a hiatus within the angulata Zone of the Dorset succession. As expected, the kaolinite/illite ratio correlates with the Th/K ratio deduced from gamma-ray spectrometry. However, significant departures from the correlation occur in OM-rich intervals, suggesting that Th may be partly adsorbed on to OM particles. Surprisingly, high magnetic susceptibility correlates with abundant kaolinite, not with Fe-rich clays, indicating either that kaolinite is accompanied by a soil-inherited magnetisable phase (possibly iron oxide) or that illite-rich rocks are more strongly diluted by carbonate than are kaolinite-rich strata.     

晋豫铝土矿的物质组分及矿石可用性研究

晋豫铝土矿属－水硬铝石型，主要物质组分是－水硬铝石，高岭石，伊利石和绿泥石，其中伊利石和绿泥石是主要的有害杂质。在晋北区的某些矿石呈，可以出现一定数量的一水软铝石。晋北区矿石以ＡｌＯ３含量料低，粘土物总量高、可磨性差为特点；平陆豫西区以Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量高、粘土物质总量低，可磨性好和预脱硅效率低为特点。     

Provenance of Clay Minerals in the Amami Sankaku Basin and Their Paleoclimate Implications Since Late Pleistocene

We analyzed the clay mineral assemblages, content and mineralogical characteristics of Hole U1438A sediment recovered from Amami Sankaku Basin during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 351. The results show that the clay minerals are mainly composed of illite (average 57%), smectite (average 26%), chlorite (average 14%) and minor kaolinite(average 3%). The crystallinity of illite in all samples are good (<0.4 Δ° 2θ), and the chemical indexes of illite in all samples are low (<0.4). Both indicate that illite in Hole U1438A formed in cold and dry climate. By comparing clay mineral assemblages of hole U1438A and the potential sediment sources, we suggest that smectite be mainly derived from the volcanic materials around Amami Sankaku Basin. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are mainly derived from the Asian dust. The ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite show a phased increase over the last 350 ka, which is consistent with the cold and drying trend of the Asian continent since late Pleistocene. The high ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite and (illite+chlorite)/kaolinite during glacial period indicate that much more Asian dust was input into the Amami Sankaku Basin, which are responded to the aridity of Asian continent and strengthened east Asian Monsoon during glacial period.