甘孜州气候资源与生态农业的初步分析

川西高原由于其特殊的地理位置及地形地貌形成了特有的立体气候,在很大程度上弥补了时间上的四季不分明给农业生产造成的缺陷.经综合分析,得到的亚热带、温带、寒带,三个经济发展气候圈,对综合利用立体气候资源,进行产业结构调整很有应用价值.     

盆东伏旱区立体农业气候分析--江津、綦江剖面分析

通过分析盆东重伏旱区大娄山北坡的江津、綦江县境内不同高度上的气象资料,着重针对水稻生长期需要,得出了不同高度上的光、热、水资源的分布状况,并从气候角度计算了干旱频率随高度的变化和分布.为如何分析盆东山地立体气候提供了一种思路.     

青藏高原东部立体气候资源开发利用初析

青藏高原东部由于其特殊的地理位置所形成的立体气候。很大程度上弥补了时间上的四季不分明给农业生产造成的缺陷。经综合分析。得到的亚热带、温带、寒带三个经济发展气候带．对综合利用立体气候资源，进行产业结构调整很有应用价值。     

甘孜州气候资源与生态农业的初步分析

川西高原由于其特殊的地理位置及地形地貌形成了特有的立体气候，在很大程度上弥补了时间上的四季不分明给农业生产造成的缺陷。经综合分析，得的亚热带、温带、寒带，三个经济发展气候圈，对综合利用立体气候资源，进行产业结构调整很有应用价值。     

市级人影作业地理沙盘辅助指挥调度系统设计与应用

地市级气象部门主要通过高炮、火箭、地面燃烧炉等方式实施人工增雨、人工防雹作业.为了提高工作效率,三门峡市气象局利用计算机网络和现代移动通讯技术,制作了3m×3m高精度的地理沙盘立体模型,开发了基于GIS技术的市级人影作业地理沙盘辅助指挥调度系统.指挥人员分析卫星、雷达等资料并确定作业区域和时间后,系统利用计算机串口与地理沙盘上的专用数控电路相连接,把作业状态分析结果通过灯光颜色变化实时显示在每个炮点上,便于工作人员结合地形开展辅助指挥调度作业.     

气象服务产品植入式营销

通过对植入营销方式"品牌"优势强,传播形式、产品形象上的优点的介绍,得出气象服务产品可通过在影视和小说等艺术形态中植入,或直接将服务产品展现在服务行为中做"立体植入",以及在其它产品中"捆绑"植入进行营销,使气象服务产品更具人性化,在社会中收到更好的服务效益.     

构建局域网的立体分层病毒防护体系

网络病毒对整个网络产生越来越大的危害,构建局域网的立体分层病毒防护体系,在服务器、Internet网关及工作站安装反病毒组件,实现全网同步化智能杀毒和统一管理.     

黄海气旋数值模拟的可视化

对一次黄海气旋数值模拟进行了可视化研究, 给出了气旋云系、锋面、流场、涡度场的立体图像, 展示了可视化软件Live View在数值模拟研究中有广阔的应用前景.     

改善油茶林小气候提高油茶产量

江西省7～9月伏旱、秋旱的出现,是影响我省油茶高产的关键因素之一.采用立体栽培方式,可以降低林内近地层温度,增加林内湿度,加大日较差,从而达到改善油茶林小气候、提高油茶产量、增加经济效益的目的.     

利用数字化雷达回波参数分析人工增雨播云条件

利用数字化测雨雷达观测的层状云雷达立体扫描资料和探空资料，分析得出层状云降水部分特征，并利用多元逐步回归获得催化作业效果指标y=2.0mm.h^-1，在使用雷达立体扫描资料进行人工增雨作业时指导方面做了探讨。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...