广西百色盆地古近系始新统沉积相特征及演化

利用野外露头、地震、测井和分析化验等资料,对盆地古近系始新统那读组和百岗组进行层序地层和沉积相研究。那读组和百岗组可划分为3个Ⅲ级层序,9个体系域,那读组那三段构成层序Ⅰ,那读组那二段和那一段构成层序Ⅱ,百岗组构成层序Ⅲ。层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ是盆地断陷期沉积,发育冲积扇相、河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、深湖亚相和滨-浅湖亚相。层序Ⅱ湖泊沉积范围广,厚度大,厚层的湖相暗色泥岩是盆地主要烃源岩和区域性盖层。层序Ⅲ是盆地坳陷期的沉积,发育冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、河流相、三角洲相和滨-浅湖亚相。盆地中古近系沉积经过了洪积或冲积扇、河流三角洲→湖泊（扇三角洲）→河流的发育过程,反映了盆地从初期形成→扩张→萎缩的完整的演化序列。在层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ的低水位体系域,田东凹陷的中央断凹、南部次凹和那笔凸起的北部断鼻等区带发育长轴分布的河流三角洲砂岩,这些砂岩处于烃源岩成熟区,油气成藏条件优越,是河道岩性油藏勘探的有利区。在层序Ⅱ湖侵体系域和高水位体系域,北部陡坡发育扇三角洲砂体,与烃源岩指状交叉接触,有利于油气运聚成藏,容易形成大量上倾尖灭岩性油藏。     

Saline lake carbonates within an Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous continental red bed sequence in the Atacama region of northern Chile

The Codocedo Limestone Member is a thin but laterally persistent lacustrine sequence within the red beds of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Quebrada Monardes Formation, in the Atacama region of northern Chile. The thick succession of clastic terrigenous sediments of the Quebrada Monardes Formation was deposited in an arid to semi-arid environment. Sedimentary facies are indicative of deposition of aeolian dunes, alluvial fans and braided streams, playa-lake mudflats, and saline lakes and coastal lagoons. The strata accumulated in a N-S elongated extensional back-arc basin on the landward side of an active volcanic arc. The 3 m thick Codocedo Limestone Member marks striking facies changes within the Quebrada Monardes Formation. It is underlain by a thick sequence of conglomerates and sandstones, deposited on alluvial fans. The limestone itself is characterized by evaporite minerals and laterally continuous laminations, indicative of deposition by vertical accretion in a perennial saline lake. The overlying siltstones and fine sandstones contain geodes and gypsum pseudomorphs and were deposited on playa-lake mudflats. The limestone therefore represents a relatively short period of lacustrine deposition within an essentially terrigenous succession. The lake was possibly formed quite suddenly, for example by damming of the basin by a lava flow. Sedimentation in the perennial lake was predominantly cyclical. Seasonal planktonic algal blooms produced millimetre-scale laminations. Interbedded with these laminites are centimetre-scale beds of evaporitic gypsum, anhydrite and minor halite. The evaporite minerals have been largely replaced by calcite, chalcedony and quartz. The centimetre-scale cycles may have resulted from periodic freshwater input into the lake. After a period of about 3000 yr the lake dried up, to be replaced by extensive playa-lake mudflats. The Codocedo Limestone Member possibly formed a plane of detachment during an early Tertiary phase of E-W directed regional compression. The limestones and evaporites were folded and extensively brecciated. This deformation probably resulted from simple shear along the bedding plane of the relatively weak evaporite minerals prior to their replacement by calcite and quartz.     

汾河裂谷晋中盆地内第四纪沉积序列与沉积环境恢复

晋中盆地是位于汾渭地堑系中部的新生代陆内断陷沉积盆地,研究晋中盆地第四纪的沉积序列对于进一步认识该盆地区域构造和区域气候环境变化具有重要意义。为查明晋中盆地第四纪沉积序列结构、研究揭示晋中盆地第四纪沉积环境及演化,通过构造岩相学方法,对晋中盆地地表和钻孔内第四纪沉积物和沉积环境进行了研究。结果表明:晋中盆地清徐地区地表第四纪沉积序列结构为盆地内部沱阳组河床相和河漫滩相-盆地边缘汾河组河流相—盆山过渡带峙峪组河流相、汾河组冲积扇相及马兰组风积相-基岩山地（盆地外围）二叠系浅海相。钻孔岩芯内第四纪沉积序列结构为下更新统浅湖相和滨湖相—中更新统浅湖相和河流相—上更新统河流相和冲积扇相—全新统冲积扇相。研究认为晋中新生代陆内断陷盆地内沉积序列和演化结构为早更新世陆相湖盆沉积环境—中更新世萎缩湖泊环境—晚更新世强烈萎缩的湖泊和河流环境—全新世再度沉降的陆相湖盆;陆相湖盆从中心向山地沉积环境分带为湖泊沉积环境—河流和湖泊沉积环境—冲积扇沉积环境（盆地边缘出山口区）。盆山过渡带地区上更新世沉积物错位现象与同沉积活动断裂有关,断裂活动性揭示了晋中盆地阶梯式断陷成盆的动力学机制。这些研究成果为区域气候环境变化和晋中盆地区域构造研究提供了新证据,也为太原市城市群建设中工程场址的选择提了供参考。      

Depositional theme of a marginal marine evaporite

We have reconstructed the depositional environment of the gypsum-carbonate-shale sequence that comprises the Upper Permian Bellerophon Formation of the southeastern Alps in northern Italy. This formation, which reaches a maximum thickness of 600 m, is roughly divided into two facies: (a) a lower dolomite-gypsum facies, and (2) an upper micritic-skeletal limestone facies. It directly overlies, with transitional contact, a thick red-bed sequence (alluvial fanglomerates, fluviatile sandstones and flood-plain siltstones) and is sharply overlain by Lower Triassic calcarenites (oolites, grapestones, pellets, flat-pebble conglomerates). The lower evaporite facies rocks are found in well-defined cycles, each of which, from bottom to top, consists of (A) thin-bedded, worm-burrowed, vuggy ‘earthy’ micritic dolomite, (B) massive to poorly laminated dark grey to black sandy dolomite carrying isolated gypsum nodules, (C) layered (thin-bedded) nodular gypsum (commonly with ‘enterolithic’ folds) with fragmented partings of dolomite, and (D) massive ‘chicken-wire’ nodular gypsum. At Passo di Valles, just east of Predazzo, and 50 km from the basin margin, we measured forty-six consecutive complete cycles, with an average thickness of 3 m per cycle. We interpret the cyclic sequence as having been deposited in a prograding shallow lagoon—sabkha complex. The worm-burrowed ‘earthy’ dolomite mud accumulated in a shallow hypersaline subtidal lagoon. The black sandy dolomite was an ‘intertidal’ sand-flat devoid of algal mats and constantly churned by burrowers (likely crustaceans). As the shoreline prograded lagoonward evaporative concentration of the groundwater induced diagenetic growth of anhydrite nodules (now gypsum) within the porous sandy dolomite. The layered nodular and ‘chicken-wire’ gypsum of the cycle cap is an extreme product of such displacive intra-sediment growth of anhydrite (now gypsum) above the water table of a completely exposed sabkha, such as is found in the Persian Gulf today. We have observed the same cyclically arranged lithologies in two other evaporite sequences in Italy: the Triassic Raibl Formation of the Southern Alps and the Upper Triassic Burano Formation of the central Apennines. We suggest that this mode of deposition is likely a very common one for at least the early stages of marine evaporite accumulation.     

山东黄县盆地古近系李家崖组含煤岩系沉积相特征及演化

山东黄县盆地是中国东部一个重要的煤和油页岩共生盆地,古近系李家崖组是盆地主要的含煤岩系发育层段。根据层序地层学理论,建立了古近系层序地层格架;依据钻测井、岩心资料划分了李家崖组的沉积相类型,编制了分体系域的沉积相图。主要结论如下:(1)李家崖组发育湖泊、辫状河三角洲以及扇三角洲3种沉积相类型。(2)层序Ⅰ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以扇三角洲相为主;层序Ⅱ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以湖泊相为主。(3)层序Ⅰ发育时期: 低水位期盆地初始形成—湖扩展期盆地扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩;层序Ⅱ发育时期: 低水位期盆地再次缓慢扩张—湖扩展期盆地加速扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩消亡。     

二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷下白垩统赛汉塔拉组层序地层及聚煤特征

二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷是一个陆相断陷聚煤盆地,下白垩统赛汉塔拉组是其主要含煤地层,作者利用岩心、钻孔资料对其岩相类型、沉积相、层序地层及聚煤作用特征进行研究。(1)赛汉塔拉组主要由砂砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、碳质泥岩及厚层褐煤组成,发育扇三角洲平原相、扇三角洲前缘相、辫状河三角洲平原相、辫状河三角洲前缘相、滨浅湖相,分别属于扇三角洲沉积体系、辫状河三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系。(2)识别出2种层序界面:不整合面和下切谷冲刷面,将赛汉塔拉组划分为2个三级层序。从层序Ⅰ到层序Ⅱ,煤层厚度逐渐增大,聚煤作用逐渐增强。(3)在滨浅湖环境下厚煤层主要形成于湖侵体系域早期,在扇/辫状河三角洲环境下厚煤层主要形成于湖侵体系域晚期,煤层厚度在凹陷中部最大,向西北和东南方向均变小。聚煤作用明显受基底沉降作用影响,可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率相平衡,从而形成了区内巨厚煤层。     

深水和浅水盐湖相生油岩沉积及其石油地球化学特征

我国一些第三纪盆地发育了膏盐与生油岩同层位的沉积。本文通过我国东部的东濮凹陷和西部的塔里木盆地塔北拗陷的对比研究,指出盐类与生油岩可以同期沉积,提出了深水和浅水两种盐湖相生油岩的沉积模式,并且论述了两种盐湖环境有机质的保存及其地化特征、生油气潜力。     

新疆莎车盆地上白垩统-古近系蒸发岩沉积及成钾前景

新疆莎车盆地发育大范围的蒸发岩。蒸发岩沉积与海侵-海退密切相关,自晚白垩世—渐新世以来,莎车盆地至少有5次小规模海侵-海退旋回,除阿尔塔什组石膏岩为断续海侵期沉积外,其余基本为海退期沉积。莎车盆地主要的蒸发岩沉积层位为吐依洛克组上段及阿尔塔什组。野外调查显示,吐依洛克组石盐岩露头主要沿西昆仑山前呈长条状分布,基本呈透镜体,阿尔塔什组石膏岩露头则见于盆地大部分地区,包括西昆仑山前、南天山山前及麦盖提斜坡,横向上持续稳定。野外调查及室内分析显示,盐类矿物主要为石盐、石膏、硬石膏,少量杂卤石、钙芒硝及钾石膏。盆地中石盐岩透镜体在横向上的不连续性,可能反应了吐依洛克组沉积晚期西昆仑山前存在多个次级古盐湖凹地,在干旱条件下浓缩成盐,而次级古盐湖在演化过程中大范围巨厚石膏岩的缺失,可能与当时的海退时间极短有关。依据莎车盆地蒸发岩沉积特征、盐类矿物组合、古盐湖演化环境,推测盆地有利的成钾层位为吐依洛克组上段,在乌帕尔一带发现成钾显示,可能为有利的成钾区域;而盆地小范围、厚度不大的石盐沉积及埋藏深度大为不利的找钾因素。     

库车坳陷古近系原型沉积盆地层序地层格架及沉积演化

基于库车坳陷大北—克深地区古近系原型沉积盆地地层沉积相精细研究结果,将古近系库姆格列木群划分为5个岩性段,苏维依组划分为3个岩性段。研究认为库姆格列木群砂砾岩段为扇三角洲沉积,膏泥岩段为局限泻湖沉积,白云岩段为局限泻湖—潮坪沉积,膏盐岩段为半局限泻湖—强蒸发膏盐湖沉积,泥岩段为滨浅湖沉积;按照层序地层学基本原理和五级层序划分方案对库车坳陷中东部古近系原型沉积盆地进行研究并建立了层序发育演化实体模型,研究认为该原型沉积盆地可以划分为两个二级超层序和3个三级层序,古近纪海侵是从大北—克深地区的河流下切谷开始的,3个三级层序均为海侵体系域和高位体系域旋回组合层序,海侵—高位体系域之间的转换界面发育最大或次级海泛面。     

松辽盆地北部徐家围子地区登娄库组下部沉积相分析

松辽盆地北部徐家围子地区登娄库组下部沉积时期,盆地处于断陷向坳陷转化的过渡期。本文综合分析岩芯、粒度分析和测井特征等,探讨了徐家围子地区登娄库组下部沉积相类型和储层砂体的分布规律。结果表明,本区目的层段主要发育辫状河相、辫状三角洲相和湖相3种沉积相、6种沉积亚相,以及13种沉积微相;在平面上,以湖泊为中心,辫状河、辫状三角洲环绕四周的格局。辫状河道及辫状三角洲的厚层砂砾岩为有利储集体,湖相暗色泥岩可作为源岩和盖层,二者可以构成较好的油气生储盖组合。     

Evaporative systems and diagenetic patterns in the Calatayud Basin (Miocene,central Spain)

This paper concerns the evaporite units, depositional systems, cyclicity, diagenetic products and anhydritization patterns of the Calatayud Basin (nonmarine, Miocene, central Spain). In outcrop, the sulphate minerals of these shallow lacustrine evaporites consist of primary and secondary gypsum, the latter originating from the replacement of anhydrite and glauberite. In the evaporative systems of this basin, gypsiferous marshes of low salinity can be distinguished from central, saline lakes of higher salinity. In the gypsiferous marsh facies, the dominant, massive, bioturbated gypsum was partly replaced by synsedimentary chert nodules and siliceous crusts. In the saline lake facies, either cycles of gypsiferous lutite‐laminated gypsarenite or irregular alternations of laminated gypsum, nodular and banded glauberite, thenardite and nodular anhydrite precipitated. Early replacement of part of the glauberite by anhydrite also occurred. Episodes of subaerial exposure are represented by: (1) pedogenic carbonates (with nodular magnesite) and gypsiferous crusts composed of poikilitic crystals; and (2) nodular anhydrite, which formed in a sabkha. Additionally, meganodular anhydrite occurs, which presumably precipitated from ascending, highly saline solutions. The timing of anhydritization was mainly controlled by the salinity of the pore solutions, and occurred from the onset of deposition to moderate burial. Locally, a thick (>200 m) sequence of gypsum cycles developed, which was probably controlled by climatic variation. A trend of upward‐decreasing salinity is deduced from the base to the top of the evaporite succession.     

Sedimentology of Badenian (middle Miocene) gypsum in eastern Galicia, Podolia and Bukovina (West Ukraine)

Primary gypsum is the main evaporite mineral in the middle Miocene (Badenian) of the West Ukraine. The lower part of the gypsum sequence is built of autochthonous gypsum while the upper part is composed of allochthonous gypsum that formed following a major, tectonically induced, change in basin morphology. This change resulted in the destruction of the gypsum deposited on the margins of the basin and formation of redeposition features. Autochthonous gypsum facies were deposited in two main environments: (1) giant gypsum intergrowths precipitated from highly concentrated brines; (2) very shallow subaqueous gypsum deposited in a vast brine pan. The brine pan was characterized by a facies mosaic that reflects an interplay of concentrated brines from the central part of the evaporite basin and diluted brines due to the influx of continental meteoric waters. The facies continuum, microbial gypsum - bedded selenite - massive selenite - sabre gypsum, indicates increasing salinity of the brine with time. This type of facies pattern has been established in recent salinas that are analogous to Badenian gypsum in their lateral facies changes. However, the pattern of facies distribution with respect to the open sea in the Badenian basin is opposite to that found in recent salinas. The pattern of the Badenian gypsum facies in the Ukraine indicates that facies repetition may have been related to climatically controlled salinity changes and not to depth changes, as is commonly used to explain the repetition of sulphate facies in a vertical succession.     

关中盆地上新世地层形成时代、层序划分及沉积相特征研究

关中盆地位于华北板块西南缘,为一新生代断陷盆地,具典型地堑形态,沉积巨厚的新生代地层。针对盆地新近纪上新世地层形成时代有争议、地层层序划分不明确、沉积相界定较笼统等问题,利用钻测井资料及野外调研,结合前人研究成果,对盆地新生代地层进行了重新划分,明确了上新世各地层形成时代及其地层层序划分和沉积相类型。研究结果表明,上新统可划分为蓝田组(11Ma—7 Ma)、灞河组(7.3 Ma—2.6 Ma)、张家坡组(3.4 Ma—2.6 Ma);新生代层序地层可划分为古近系构造层序、中新统构造层序、上新统构造层序和第四系构造层序等4个一级层序,存在6个构造层序界面。蓝田组以"三趾马红黏土"的风成沉积为特征。灞河组沉积时期,关中盆地的西安凹陷为一套冲(洪)积相、河流、三角洲相沉积,固市凹陷为一套冲(洪)积、河流、三角洲及滨浅湖相沉积;盆地边部开始出现小范围的风成黏土沉积。张家坡组以河湖相沉积为主,沉积中心向南移;盆地南北两侧或边部为冲(洪)积扇相、河流相及三角洲相沉积,边部也有小范围的风成黏土沉积。     

江西信江盆地罗塘凹陷膏盐微量元素地球化学特征

江西信江盆地罗塘凹陷发育一套晚白垩世周田组暗色泥岩与膏盐岩互层沉积,为了解膏盐岩成因,综合利用钻井资 料和地球化学分析手段进行研究。结果表明,研究区膏盐岩主要发育在周田组二、三、四段,岩性为含钙石膏泥岩和泥质 石膏岩,其次为（硬） 石膏岩。稀土和微量元素地球化学特征揭示了膏盐岩与围岩的物源均来自陆源,而非深部卤水。膏 盐岩具有早期高水位浅水区和晚期低水位深水区两种沉积模式。早期高水位浅水区沉积模式主要分布在盆地边缘,沉积了 紫红色含钙质结核泥岩夹膏盐岩;晚期低水位深水区沉积模式主要分布在盆地中心,发育了膏盐岩与暗色泥岩互层沉积, 并组成多个盐韵律。平面上由盆地边缘到中心依次沉积了碳酸盐岩、膏盐岩类的典型蒸发岩序列。     

西藏札达盆地上新统古格组和托林组的厘定与层序地层划分

根据札达盆地剖面中地层的接触关系、沉积旋回、沉积体系和岩相岩性特征,可将上新统河湖相地层划分为2个组、5个沉积相、8个岩段。古格组(N22g)一岩段为砾岩,属河流相沉积;二、三、五岩段以细碎屑岩为主,属浅湖相沉积;四岩段以含粘土质细碎屑岩为主,属深湖相沉积。托林组(N21t)一、二、三岩段为一套砾岩、含砾中粗粒钙质长石岩屑砂岩和中细粒砂岩的碎屑岩,为典型冲(洪)积扇沉积物。ESR法和古地磁法测年结果表明,古格组形成时代为上新世晚期(4.40～2.47Ma);托林组形成时代为上新世早期(5.44～4.40Ma)。札达盆地为一同生断陷盆地,在上新世时期的构造运动过程中,盆地演化经历了水进体系域—湖泊扩张体系域—湖泊收缩体系域3个发展阶段。     

柴达木盆地英西地区下干柴沟组上段高频旋回与古地貌特征

受区域性构造运动和古近纪特殊气候的共同影响,在英西地区沉积了一套陆相咸化湖盆混积岩,其特殊的相序组合对研究陆相咸化湖盆高频层序划分及古地理演化具有重要意义。英西地区下干柴沟组上段地层主要为暗色细粒混积岩,矿物成分复杂,主要由陆源碎屑、碳酸盐矿物和蒸发盐矿物组成,可以划分为碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩三大岩石类型,分别为湖盆演化的淡化阶段、初始咸化阶段和咸化阶段产物。研究区目的层段识别出7个四级层序（Psq1~Psq7）,除Psq1和Psq2不发育区域性盐岩层外,其他四级层序都由碎屑岩段、碳酸盐岩段、混积型蒸发岩段和区域性盐岩层组成,这也反映出气候及湖盆性质的逐渐演化。在四级层序约束下,根据盐岩层相对厚度,对英西地区下干柴沟组上段的古地貌特征进行了恢复。Psq1和Psq2发育于湖盆演化的相对早期阶段,咸水湖范围非常有限。Psq3至Psq5沉积期间,湖水咸化程度逐渐增加,咸水湖范围不断扩大,在几个洼陷区沉积了大套厚层盐岩。Psq6沉积期间,经过前几个阶段的填洼补平,研究区地貌总体趋于平坦,高差幅度明显减小。至Psq7沉积期间,研究区西部逐渐退出深洼区,沉积中心开始向东发生迁移。     

Fluvial sedimentation in a salt‐controlled mini‐basin: stratal patterns and facies assemblages,Sivas Basin,Turkey

The Sivas Basin, located on the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey, is an elongate Oligo‐Miocene basin that contains numerous salt‐walled mini‐basins. Through field analysis, including stratigraphic section logging, facies analysis and geological mapping, a detailed tectono‐stratigraphic study of the Emirhan mini‐basin and its 2·6 km thick sediment fill has been undertaken. Three main palaeoenvironments are recognized – playa‐lake, braided stream and lacustrine – each corresponds to a relatively long‐lived depositional episode within a system that was dominated overall by the development of a distributive fluvial system. At local scale, this affects the geometry of the succession and influences facies distributions within preserved sequences. Sequences affected by wedge geometries are characterized by localized channelized sandstone bodies in the area of maximum subsidence and these pass laterally to floodplain mudstone towards the diaper; several internal unconformities are recognized. By contrast, sequences affected by hook geometries display narrow and steep drape‐fold geometries with no evidence of lateral facies change and apparent conformity in the preserved succession. The sediment fill of the Emirhan mini‐basin records the remobilization of diapir‐derived detritus and the presence of evaporitic bodies interbedded within the mini‐basin, implying the growth of salt walls expressed at the surface as palaeo‐topographic highs. The mini‐basin also records the signature of a regional change in stratigraphic assemblage, passing from playa‐lake facies to large‐scale highly amalgamated fluvial facies that represent progradation of the fluvial system. The initiation and evolution of this mini‐basin involves a variety of local and regional controls. Local factors include: (i) salt withdrawal, which influenced the rate and style of subsidence and consequently temporal and spatial variation in the stratigraphic assemblage and the stratal response related to halokinesis; and (ii) salt inflation, which influenced the topographic expression of the diapirs and consequently the occurrence of diapir‐derived detritus intercalated within the otherwise clastic‐dominated succession.     

Sedimentary record of Triassic intraplate extension in North China: evidence from the nonmarine NW Ordos Basin, Helan Shan and Zhuozi Shan

The Helan Shan and Zhuozi Shan of the NW Ordos basin, China, contain thick (up to 4 km) sequences of nonmarine Triassic strata. These rocks represent a major intraplate sedimentary basin, the paleogeography, tectonic setting and provenance of which are poorly understood and controversial. Studies of the sedimentary geology of the basin, supported by new palinspastic reconstruction of younger deformation, demonstrate that the basin filled from three sides by fluvial, lacustrine-deltaic and alluvial fan depositional systems. The basin forms a westward-thickening wedge that reaches its maximum thickness along the western margin of the Helan Shan and thins to a relatively constant 600–800 m east of the Zhuozi Shan. The stratigraphy of the basin is strongly asymmetric; alluvial fan strata are restricted to the extreme western margin of the basin and interfinger with axial fluvial deposits low in the section and deep lacustrine facies high in the section. Much of the eastern part of the basin is dominated by west-flowing meandering river and deltaic systems. Large structures of Triassic age have not been identified in the Helan Shan or Zhuozi Shan, but small Triassic normal faults have been documented in the western and central Helan Shan. These characteristics most strongly support an extensional origin for the Triassic basin in NW Ordos. The basin is interpreted to have been a north-trending half graben, bound along its western margin by an east-dipping normal fault, presently concealed beneath Quaternary cover west of the Helan Shan. The eastern margin, now found in the Zhuozi Shan, has simple ramp-margin geometry. Driving mechanisms for this extension are not obvious due to limited documentation of Triassic structure throughout the region, but probably relate to far-field stresses from the Qinling or Jinsha active margins interacting with the stable Ordos block.     

川西前陆盆地上三叠统沉积特征

应用层序地层学方法将川西前陆盆地上三叠统划分为4个三级层序和12个体系域。在层序格架内，研究了不同时期的古地理背景、物源、沉积类型和沉积相展布，明确了上三叠统存在龙门山古陆、米仓山-大巴山古陆、康滇古陆、江南古陆4个物源，识别出上三叠统海湾、冲积扇、曲流河、辫状河、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和湖泊8种沉积相类型。层序Ⅰ沉积时期，盆地处于海陆交互相向陆相转变的时期，整体具有填平补齐的沉积特征，发育海湾等沉积；层序Ⅱ沉积时期，川西前陆盆地成为统一的内陆湖盆，其湖侵期为须家河期最大的湖侵期，主要发育三角洲沉积和湖相沉积；层序Ⅲ沉积时期，米仓山-大巴山古陆提供充足的物源，在米仓山-大巴山两逆冲推覆带前缘广泛发育大型冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲沉积体系；层序Ⅳ沉积时期，主要受江南古陆的影响，发育三角洲沉积和湖泊沉积。整体上，川西前陆盆地沉积相带的展布格局受构造控制，具有平行构造带展布的特点。盆地西北部陡坡带发育粗粒的冲积扇、扇三角洲-湖底扇，西南部陡坡带发育辫状河三角洲、北部-东北部陡坡带发育辫状河三角洲，而在东南部缓坡带则发育远源的曲流河、曲流河三角洲。