地面核磁共振技术发展述评

核磁共振技术在医学、地质等方面都有广泛的应用.运用核磁共振技术找寻地下水资源,开创了用地球物理方法直接找水的先河.地面核磁共振技术是目前唯一能直接探测地下水的地球物理方法.本文通过对核磁共振技术在国内外的应用和发展现状的介绍,总结了地面核磁共振技术现在存在的问题及其影响,同时提出了该技术今后的发展前景.     

地面核磁共振方法在大坝安全检测中的试验研究

地面核磁共振方法是一种直接探测地下水信息的地球物理勘查方法,本文将该无损探测技术用于土石坝的渗流安全评估试验。由于探测的核磁共振信号源于地下水中的氢质子,则可以确保核磁共振响应仅与地下水信息有关。利用地面核磁共振方法直接找水的技术优势,探测堤坝的浸润面,以判断堤坝的渗流(漏)隐患,为堤坝尤其是小型病险水库堤坝、易发事故的堤防的病险诊断提供一种便捷、高效和可重复利用的方法。通过NUMISPOLY多道核磁共振探测系统在某原体大坝检测中的试验,得到原体大坝的浸润面,进而对土石坝进行渗流(漏)隐患的评估,该方法为堤坝渗流(漏)隐患探测提供了一种有效而可靠的新方法。      

二维阵列线圈核磁共振地下水探测理论研究

核磁共振法(Magnetic Resonance Sounding,MRS)是一种直接探测地下水的地球物理方法,目前只能对水平层状的含水层进行一维测深,对于尺寸小于线圈直径的二维或三维含水构造成像时,其灵敏度和横向分辨率很低.本文从研究二维阵列线圈核磁共振地下水探测方式的可行性出发,推导了地面发射线圈产生的椭圆极化激发...     

SNMR联合SP用于滑动带水体赋存状态的探测研究

地下水的空间分布及运移规律是建立地下水流系统和分析渗流场规律的重要因素.具有直接找水特性的地面核磁共振方法(SNMR)可以用于确定地下水的空间分布,而自然电场法(SP)是一种可以探测地下水流动方向的物探方法,这两种方法的联合使用为地下水研究提供了一种较好的工作模式.本文以滑动带水体探测为例,阐述该工作模式的应用效果.首...     

基于椭圆极化的核磁共振找水理论研究(英文)

核磁共振找水是目前唯一能够直接探测地下水的地球物理方法,本文在weichman等人改进的核磁共振理论的基础上,应用经典的Chave算法对含有贝塞尔函数的积分核进行积分,求得了地下磁场和垂直激发场的空间分布。通过计算地下垂直激发场的椭圆极化率,验证了垂直激发场的椭圆极化效应,发现当地下电导率较大时椭圆极化效应将导致垂直激发场严重畸变;地下垂直激发场的正旋和逆旋分量显示了椭圆极化效应对核磁共振找水激发和接收上的不同影响,发射线圈和接收线圈间的延迟相位揭示了相位延迟效应的存在性及其相关性质。将以上理论应用到共圈模式下的核磁共振找水响应函数中,得到了地下氢核的扳倒角、地面核磁共振找水核函数和单一含水层模型的响应曲线,发现椭圆极化效应和相位延迟效应将导致核磁共振找水响应发生明显改变,因此对核磁共振找水理论和实际研究考虑椭圆极化效应是十分必要的。     

我国多参数激电测深找水应用综述

近40年来,地球物理技术在我国的地下水勘查中得到了比较多的应用,IP、TEM、EH4、CSAMT、SNMR等物探找水方法不断涌现.本文在介绍激电找水原理和技术方法的基础上,通过3个不同类型地下水勘查的成功实例,表明多参数直流激电测深这一传统的地球物理勘查方法在地下水勘查中仍具有独特的优势.提出了含水层的激电异常特征、含...     

小波分析在提高核磁共振找水信号信噪比中的应用探讨

地面核磁共振(SNMR)找水方法是目前唯一能直接找到地下水的地球物理新方法。由于该方法接收灵敏度高,因此对电磁噪声也很敏感。为了提高信噪比和新方法的找水效果,必须对接收到的信号进行去噪处理。本文使用了小波分析去噪提高核磁共振信号信噪比的方法,并通过对湖北省新洲工区和王家湾工区实测数据的小波处理和对比分析,证明了这种方法的有效性。     

磁共振测深技术的发展历程与新进展

磁共振测深(Magnetic Resonance Sounding,MRS)技术作为目前唯一能够实现地下水直接定量探测的地球物理高新技术已有近30年的历史,最近10年,MRS技术在仪器、正反演理论、信号影响因素、实际应用等方面都取得了一系列进展.死区时间不到10ms的商用型多道磁共振测深仪的推广使用,大幅改善了MRS方法的找水效果和仪器的抗干扰能力;正反演研究的重心已由简单的一维层状假设理论转入更符合实际情况的复杂地质条件下的高分辨率2/3D磁共振成像研究;信号影响因素与机制的研究也更加深入、全面;特别是实际应用方面,正在由单纯的地下水探测向水文地质调查、地下水管理与污染监测、灾害水源的超前探测等多个领域拓展.随着磁共振测深技术的进一步发展与完善,它定将在更多领域更好地造福于人类.     

核磁共振测深方法的新进展

核磁共振测深(MRS)方法是目前唯一直接探查地下水的新方法.本文概要介绍了参加第二届核磁共振测深(MRS)国际学术研讨会的主要收获.阐述了核磁共振找水仪的研制和进展以及扩大了MRS方法的应用领域方面的情况.在应用MRS方法探测地下水取得很大成效的此基础上,我们率先用MRS方法进行了三峡滑坡监测和秦始皇陵考古工作,又取得了新成果.     

基于多匝环形线圈的核磁共振信号响应计算与试验研究

核磁共振接收信号的质量主要受探测天线的传递特性影响,当传递特性较差时,严重影响测量效果.结合目前国内外核磁共振找水仪天线的研制情况,给出了接收天线传递特性的计算方法,根据数值计算结果讨论了影响传递特性的天线参数.利用吉林大学研制的核磁共振找水仪进行实际测试,结果证明与讨论结果一致.本文得出的传递特性影响因素和接收信号质量评估方法,可以为不同类型核磁共振找水仪天线的设计提供依据,将促使核磁共振方法在复杂地形环境找水及隧道、矿井灾害水源探测等方面得到有效应用.     

Non-invasive characterization of water-bearing strata using a combination of geophysical techniques

Hydrogeological investigations were carried out in an arid area of Inner-Mongolia to determine the locations of future water supply resources. The first geophysical survey was conducted near Baiqi to identify favorable boreholes using magnetic resonance sounding (MRS). The yield capacities of 43 sites were investigated, and the extent of the potential groundwater storage was determined. Previous studies have indicated that a major tectonic structure may have a significant impact on the groundwater flow and well yield in the study area. Therefore, high-resolution seismic surveys were applied in the second stage of the investigation to determine the fault locations. After the regional identification, a major structure was investigated in detail to map the fracture patterns. Based on the assumption that the hydraulic conductivity of this formation is similar along the entire strike of the fracture, we proposed drilling a borehole (BQ3) in the zone. However, this well has a yield of only 0.8 L/s, falling short of the required flow rate of 3.0 L/s. Therefore, the objective of the final stage of exploration was to accurately define the attitude and extension of the aquifer and to select a more favorable borehole site that would meet the required water flow rate. The geophysical exploration was carried out using time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) and MRS methods. The MRS results suggest optimal locations for water supply boreholes within the subsurface structures mapped by the TDEM inversion method. The data obtained by drilling and coring are in agreement with the predicted aquifer thickness from the TDEM data. Pumping tests indicate that the water discharge of borehole BQ4 was 3.5 L/s. Our results demonstrate that the delineation of the groundwater body using a combined application of three geophysical methods (the MRS, TDEM and 2D seismic methods) was successful.     

Magnetic resonance sounding applied to aquifer characterization

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is distinguished from other geophysical tools used for ground water investigation by the fact that it measures a magnetic resonance signal generated directly from subsurface water molecules. An alternating current pulse energizes a wire loop on the ground surface and the MRS signal is generated; subsurface water is indicated, with a high degree of reliability, by nonzero amplitude readings. Measurements with varied pulse magnitudes then reveal the depth and thickness of water saturated layers. The hydraulic conductivity of aquifers can also be estimated using boreholes for calibration. MRS can be used for both predicting the yield of water supply wells and for interpolation between boreholes, thereby reducing the number of holes required for hydrogeological modeling. An example of the practical application of MRS combined with two-dimensional electrical imaging, in the Kerbernez and Kerien catchments area of France, demonstrates the efficiency of the technique.     

Groundwater exploration using integrated geophysical techniques

The integrated approach to solving complicated geological, hydrological and environmental problems is now widely used in geophysics. Among all the geophysical methods, electrical and electromagnetic techniques are the most popular in groundwater exploration due to the close relationship between electrical conductivity and some hydrogeological properties of the aquifer (e.g. porosity, clay content, mineralization of the groundwater and degree of water saturation). Case histories presented here show that by proper combination of different techniques such as conventional direct current (DC) resistivity as well as the more advanced electromagnetic (EM) methods and the most recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography, the reliability of interpretation as compared to that typical for the individual methods can be significantly improved.     

基于双通道参考技术的磁共振地下水探测电磁噪声分布规律研究

磁共振地下水探测(MRS)技术能直接测量水中氢质子的拉莫尔进动,可表征地下水含水量和介质孔隙度等信息,因而获得了广泛应用.然而,MRS信号微弱,实际探测中电磁噪声强度大,若噪声未被有效去除,会导致后续水文参数解释不准确,采用“8”字形线圈或运用带参考线圈的噪声抵消等方法可抑制噪声干扰,但这些方法消噪效果的好坏取决于电磁噪声的空间分布.另外,在强噪声或多噪声源环境下应用MRS方法,选择恰当的探测位置对提高探测效率以及增加探测结果的有效性具有重要意义.因此,本文使用双通道噪声采集装置在实验前记录环境中的电磁噪声,通过双通道参考技术推导同一时刻不同测点的噪声强度,再得到测区电磁噪声分布结果,该噪声分布情况对MRS方法探测方式的选取具有指导性的作用.同时,可根据噪声分布情况为探测线圈选择最佳测点以避开噪声强度大的区域,进而提高采集信号的信噪比.最后,通过采集室外环境下的电磁噪声,验证本文提出的基于双通道参考技术的电磁噪声分布规律研究方法的有效性,为可靠高效地开展磁共振地下水探测提供了新的技术手段.     

Groundwater investigation on sand dunes area in southern part of Vietnam by magnetic resonance sounding

In the last five years, magnetic resonance sounding (MRS), as a non-invasive geophysical method, has emerged as a new technique for ground water investigation in Vietnam. In this paper, we present the general theoretical basis of this method together with acquisition, processing, and interpretation of the MRS data. We show a case study of MRS surveys in sand dunes area in order to characterize aquifers situated in the southern part of Vietnam. From the interpretation of MRS soundings we delimited an aquifer layer in the subsurface with strong lateral variations for which we determined the depth at 44 m and water content between 3% and 9.5%. The longitudinal relaxation constant T*₁ is about 250 m s, while the transverse relaxation T*₂ is between 150–200 m s. That indicates fine to medium grain size and thus low to medium hydraulic permeability. These results are confirmed by the observations from the well LK1 between 45 to 70 m. The results of other MRS measurements showed the presence of a low water bearing aquifer and were confirmed by the observations in two other wells.     

A Small‐Diameter NMR Logging Tool for Groundwater Investigations

A small‐diameter nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging tool has been developed and field tested at various sites in the United States and Australia. A novel design approach has produced relatively inexpensive, small‐diameter probes that can be run in open or PVC‐cased boreholes as small as 2 inches in diameter. The complete system, including surface electronics and various downhole probes, has been successfully tested in small‐diameter monitoring wells in a range of hydrogeological settings. A variant of the probe that can be deployed by a direct‐push machine has also been developed and tested in the field. The new NMR logging tool provides reliable, direct, and high‐resolution information that is of importance for groundwater studies. Specifically, the technology provides direct measurement of total water content (total porosity in the saturated zone or moisture content in the unsaturated zone), and estimates of relative pore‐size distribution (bound vs. mobile water content) and hydraulic conductivity. The NMR measurements show good agreement with ancillary data from lithologic logs, geophysical logs, and hydrogeologic measurements, and provide valuable information for groundwater investigations.     

地下工程灾害水源的磁共振探测研究

地面磁共振探测(Surface Magnetic Resonance Sounding,SMRS)是近年来发展起来的一种地球物理新方法,这种在地面直接探测地下介质中氢核丰度的技术,不仅可以用于缺水地区的地下水资源勘查与评价,还可以在地下水引起的堤坝渗漏、滑坡、海水入侵等地质灾害水源的探测预警中发挥独特的作用.本文首次提出了地下磁共振探测方法(Underground Magnetic Resonance Sounding,UMRS),将SMRS方法引入到地下工程领域,实现隧道工程和煤矿开采等地下狭窄空间极端环境的探测.为应用UMRS方法,需要深入研究地下水超前探测理论、准全空间处理与反演方法、旋转多匝小线圈探测模式,强电磁干扰环境自适应噪声压制策略、以及复杂地质环境磁共振与瞬变电磁联合探测关键技术等难题.论文还简要介绍了超导磁探测技术和工程盾构及掘进实时探测等新技术在地下工程生产安全探测预警中的应用前景.     

Interpretation of magnetic resonance soundings in rocks with high electrical conductivity

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is an electromagnetic method designed for groundwater investigations. MRS can be applied not only for studying fresh-water aquifers, but also in areas where intrusion of saline water is rendering the subsurface electrically conductive. In the presence of rocks with a high electrical-conductivity attenuation and a phase shift of the MRS signal may influence the efficiency of the MRS method. We investigated the performance of MRS for allowing us to propose a procedure for interpreting MRS data under these conditions. For numerical modeling, we considered a subsurface with a resistivity between 0.5 and 10 Ω m. The results show that the depth of investigation with MRS depends upon the electrical conductivity of groundwater and surrounding rocks, on the depth of the saline water layer, and on the amount of fresh water above the saline water. For interpreting MRS measurements, the electrical conductivity of the subsurface is routinely measured with an electrical or electromagnetic method. However, due to the equivalence problem, the result obtained with these methods may be not unique. Hence, we investigated the influence of the uncertainty in conductivity distribution provided by transient electromagnetic measurements (TEM) on MRS results. It was found that the uncertainty in TEM results has an insignificant effect on MRS.