土工格栅加筋橡胶砂强度特性试验研究

橡胶砂作为轻质、耗能填料在土木工程中有广泛的应用前景,但其强度往往会随橡胶含量的增大而降低。土工格栅常用于对散体材料的加筋补强,研究土工格栅对橡胶砂强度特性的加筋效应具有重要意义。基于三轴压缩试验,对3种不同格栅布置方式（1、2、3层）下的干燥橡胶砂强度特性展开研究,重点考察加筋层数对不同围压（50、100、200 kPa）下、不同配比（0%、10%、20%、30%、40%）橡胶砂的强度参数,如峰值强度、似黏聚力、内摩擦角的影响规律。结果表明：土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度参数,包括峰值强度、似黏聚力、内摩擦角,相对于未加筋橡胶砂均有明显提高,提高幅度随土工格栅加筋层数的增加而增大,随着围压的降低而增大;土工格栅对配比为20%橡胶砂的强度加筋效应最为明显;土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度参数恢复系数与加筋密度之间呈良好的线性关系;土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度特性可由试验所得的经验恢复函数较好地估计。     

剪切速率和材料特性对筋-土界面抗剪强度的影响

土工合成材料与填料之间的界面强度参数是加筋-土工程设计的关键技术指标,筋-土界面的直剪试验和拉拔试验在界面剪切特性试验研究中应用最为广泛。利用土工格栅、土工织物与砂土的直剪试验和拉拔试验,研究了剪切速率和筋材性质对筋-土界面强度的影响。研究结果表明,当剪切速率不超过一定界限（如7.0 mm/min）时,其对直剪试验结果的影响可以忽略;筋-土界面强度受加筋材料及砂土特性的影响,双向聚丙烯土工格栅和土工织物与砂土之间的内摩擦角与纯砂接近,界面强度较高,而玻纤格栅因其延伸率低和网格尺寸较小,与砂土的界面强度比较低。     

干燥脱水过程中纤维加筋固化淤泥的强度特性

淤泥是一种天然含水率高且力学性质极差的固体废弃物,采取有效的技术方法进行快速脱水和增强可以实现淤泥资源化和高效利用。选取离散短丝聚丙烯纤维作为加筋材料,水泥和粉煤灰作为固化材料,通过开展无侧限抗压试验,研究了纤维加筋固化淤泥在干燥路径中强度的变化,并分析了干燥过程中不同目标含水率状态(分别为45%,40%,35%,30%,25%,20%,15%,10%和5%)和纤维掺量(0~0.8%)对加筋固化淤泥强度的影响机理。结果表明:①纤维的加入能有效提高固化淤泥的峰值强度和残余强度,且强度值随纤维掺量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,最优纤维掺量为0.1%;②干燥脱水过程中,试样的无侧限抗压强度随含水率的减小近似于线性增加,破坏形式由塑性破坏逐渐向脆性破坏过渡,而纤维的加入可以有效抑制试样的脆性破坏,提升试样的韧性;③纤维加筋对固化淤泥强度的贡献随含水率的减小而逐渐增加,根本原因是纤维—淤泥界面作用力在低含水率条件下能得到更佳的激发。     

土工格栅加筋橡胶砂强度特性试验研究

橡胶砂作为轻质、耗能填料在土木工程中有广泛的应用前景,但其强度往往会随橡胶含量的增大而降低。土工格栅常用于对散体材料的加筋补强,研究土工格栅对橡胶砂强度特性的加筋效应具有重要意义。基于三轴压缩试验,对3种不同格栅布置方式(1层、2层、3层)下的干燥橡胶砂强度特性展开研究,重点考察加筋层数对不同围压(50kPa、100kPa、200kPa)下、不同配比(0%、10%、20%、30%、40%)橡胶砂的强度参数,如峰值强度、似粘聚力、内摩擦角的影响规律。结果表明:(1)土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度参数,包括峰值强度、似粘聚力、内摩擦角,相对于未加筋橡胶砂均有明显提高,提高幅度随土工格栅加筋层数的增加而增大,随着围压的降低而增大;(2)土工格栅对配比为20%橡胶砂的强度加筋效应最为明显;(3)土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度参数恢复系数与加筋密度之间呈良好的线性关系;(4)土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度特性可由本文试验所得的经验恢复函数较好地估计。     

土工格栅加筋橡胶砂强度特性试验研究

橡胶砂作为轻质、耗能填料在土木工程中有广泛的应用前景,但其强度往往会随橡胶含量的增大而降低。土工格栅常用于对散体材料的加筋补强,研究土工格栅对橡胶砂强度特性的加筋效应具有重要意义。基于三轴压缩试验,对3种不同格栅布置方式(1层、2层、3层)下的干燥橡胶砂强度特性展开研究,重点考察加筋层数对不同围压(50kPa、100kPa、200kPa)下、不同配比(0%、10%、20%、30%、40%)橡胶砂的强度参数,如峰值强度、似粘聚力、内摩擦角的影响规律。结果表明:(1)土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度参数,包括峰值强度、似粘聚力、内摩擦角,相对于未加筋橡胶砂均有明显提高,提高幅度随土工格栅加筋层数的增加而增大,随着围压的降低而增大;(2)土工格栅对配比为20%橡胶砂的强度加筋效应最为明显;(3)土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度参数恢复系数与加筋密度之间呈良好的线性关系;(4)土工格栅加筋橡胶砂的强度特性可由本文试验所得的经验恢复函数较好地估计。     

基于最优含水率的聚丙烯纤维增强膨胀土强度研究

将不同长度的聚丙烯纤维按照0.0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%和0.4%的重量比分别掺入膨胀土中配制试样,通过大量的室内试验研究了聚丙烯纤维对膨胀土强度的影响规律。试验结果表明:随着纤维的加入,膨胀土的抗剪强度得到了明显的增强,且无侧限抗压强度也随着纤维含量的增加而急剧增加,但当纤维含量超过最优加筋量0.3%时,加筋膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度反而呈现降低趋势。相同纤维含量的情况下,膨胀土的强度也会随着纤维长度的增加而明显增加,同时聚丙烯纤维还可以增加纤维复合膨胀土的峰值强度,延缓土样的破坏,其研究结果为膨胀土性质的改良提供一种可借鉴的方法。     

加筋土强度影响因素的试验研究

通过室内大三轴试验方法,对加筋土强度影响因素进行了研究,探讨了在不同加筋情况下试样强度的变化规律。试验结果表明：加筋作用的效果随着轴向应变增大而作用越明显;对于强度较低的试样,加筋后强度提高明显;对于同一试样,加筋材料本身强度越高,加筋效果越明显;对于同一种加筋材料,加筋层数越多,筋层间距越小,加筋效果越明显;试样自身的密实度越高,加筋效果越明显。     

土工合成材料与土工合成材料加筋砂土的相关特性

目前土工合成材料加筋的理论研究明显落后于工程实践。为了指导土工合成材料的优选和研究加筋机理,以5种国产土工合成材料为加筋材料,它们分别是针刺无纺土工织物、涤纶纤维经编土工格栅、玻璃纤维经编土工格栅、双向塑料拉伸土工格栅和土工网,系统进行三轴压缩试验以比较各种土工合成材料对砂土的加筋效果。试验结果表明：（1）各种土工合成材料加筋砂土的抗剪强度和应力应变特性不同;（2）无纺土工织物适合用于允许大变形的加筋土工程,涤纶纤维经编土工格栅和塑料拉伸土工格栅均适合用于对变形有较严格要求的加筋土工程,玻璃纤维经编土工格栅适合用于对变形有严格限制的加筋工程,设计时需要较大的安全系数,土工网适用低等级的加筋土工程;（3）砂土对各种土工合成材料侧向收缩的约束作用差异显著。     

土工格栅加筋土地基平板载荷试验研究

在近年来的岩土工程实践中,土工合成材料加筋土技术得到越来越广泛的应用。采用平板载荷板试验方法,进行了多组加筋砂土地基模型试验,监测和分析了不同加筋材料（双向格栅与四向格栅）和加筋层数对土工格栅加筋土地基承载特性的影响。研究结果表明：土工格栅加筋土地基与无筋地基相比,承载性能得到改善,双层加筋明显优于单层加筋;土工格栅加筋限制了浅层地基的侧向变形,相同荷载下地基沉降减小,可恢复变形增大;模型试验中测得加筋材料应变和拉力很小,与土工格栅强度相比,拉伸模量对加筋土地基承载力的贡献更大。     

土工合成材料界面作用特性的拉拔试验研究

在土工合成材料加筋土工程中,土工合成材料与填料的界面作用特性是最关键的技术指标,因此利用拉拔试验研究土工合成材料与填料的界面作用特性是非常必要的。以5种不同种类的国产土工合成材料为加筋材料,以砂和石灰粉煤灰为填料,比较了各种土工合成材料与填料的界面作用特性,试验表明:（1）石灰粉煤灰自重较轻,摩擦角高,并且比砂的拉拔系数相对偏高一倍左右,是理想的土工合成材料加筋土工程的填料;（2）土工合成材料的拉拔系数从高到低排序为涤纶纤维经编土工格栅最高,塑料拉伸土工格栅次之,土工网较低,土工织物最低;（3）不同填料、不同土工合成材料的拉拔系数相差较大,具体加筋土工程采用的拉拔系数需要通过拉拔试验确定。这些结论可指导土工合成材料的优选和研究加筋机理。     

土工加筋抗冻胀工作机制的研究

在分凝势理论的基础上，建立了一套考虑温度、水分及冻土－未冻土－筋材体系应力变形诸因素耦合预测加筋土冻胀和筋材拉力的计算方法，并对一维冻结室内模拟试验进行了理论分析和数值计算。通过对加筋消减冻胀及其抗冻胀工作机制的分析，提出了加筋材料对土体施加的约束，不仅减小了土体的冻胀速率，而且还使冻胀位移向未冻土区发展，从而可有效地消减土体冻胀的结论。     

Holocene soils and soil-geomorphic relations in an arid region of southern New Mexico

A study area in an arid region of southern New Mexico is in basin-and-range topography and includes both a river valley and a closed basin. Holocene soils occur in valley fills and low terraces between Pleistocene fans, in and near drainageways on the fan-piedmont, on ridges, and in dunes. Holocene soils suggest the character of initial development in soils that are much older and more complex, and record the beginnings of various soil horizons. Noncalcareous brown or reddish brown B horizons have formed in low-carbonate parent materials of stable sites. Incipient development of the argillic horizon and the Haplargids occurs at stable sites in very gravelly materials that are about 1–2000 yr old. The cambic horizon and Camborthids occur in adjacent low-gravel materials of the same age. The argillic horizon occurs continuously in soils of earliest Holocene, particularly in very gravelly materials. Where soils have been truncated, as in areas affected by landscape dissection, argillic and cambic horizons are usually absent and the soils are Torripsamments, Torriorthents, or Torrifluvents depending on content of sand, gravel, and organic carbon. In high-carbonate parent materials, noncalcareous, reddish brown B horizons have not formed at any time in the Holocene. Most of these soils are Torriorthents or Torrifluvents although an incipient calcic horizon has formed in some of the oldest Holocene soils; the latter are Calciorthids. Horizons of carbonate accumulation are the best and most common pedogenic indicators of soil age. Stage I carbonate horizons are a major feature of pedogenesis in the Holocene. Because of additions of carbonate from the atmosphere, carbonate horizons are morphologically similar whether they have formed in high or low-carbonate alluvium. The carbonate accumulations are illuvial.Some Holocene deposits apparently resulted from changes in climate. Others, such as the youthful deposits of coppice dunes, apparently were caused by man's introduction of cattle and subsequent overgrazing and seed dispersal.     

以抗压强度确定麦秸秆加筋盐渍土的加筋条件

滨海盐渍土具有盐胀、溶陷和吸湿软化等不良工程地质问题,未经固化处理不能满足工程建设的强度和变形要求。借鉴合成纤维加筋土和草根土的研究成果,初步确定包括加筋长度、质量加筋率、加筋形状和石灰掺加量等因素的麦秸秆加筋盐渍土的加筋条件。通过抗压强度试验和Taguchi正交试验设计优化方法,确定最优加筋条件为：加筋长度为10 mm、加筋率为0.25 %、形状为1/4圆弧状和石灰掺加量为8 %。以麦秸秆作加筋与石灰共同加筋固化滨海盐渍土,其抗压强度试验结果表明,石灰+麦秸秆加筋盐渍土的抗压强度、抗变形能力和水稳性均优于石灰土和盐渍土。初步的研究成果对今后系统研究麦秸秆加筋滨海盐渍土的抗压强度、抗剪强度和变形特性等具有指导意义。     

Experimental Investigation of Frictional Behavior Between Cohesive Soils and Solid Materials Using Direct Shear Apparatus

Soil shearing resistance is very important while designing various structures which have direct contact with soil, for example, sheet piles, piles, retaining walls, reinforced earth structures and shallow foundations. Even though designers use empirical values for their design, it is very important to obtain more accurate values for soil–solid materials shearing resistance. In this work, laboratory tests have been carried out to investigate the effect of roughness interface and texture models on friction angle between cohesive soils and steel, as well as abrasive paper material, using direct shear tests. All tests were carried out under consolidated drained shear conditions. The behavior at the soils–solid interface was found to vary according to surface roughness. It also seems that the type of material (steel or paper of abrasive) used does not have a major influence on the shear strength. As far as roughness is concerned, friction behavior is likely to be generally classified into three failure modes, namely full sliding at the interface, shear failure within the soil, and a mixed behavior where interface sliding and shear deformation of the soil specimen proceed simultaneously. However, for the second mode, the shear strength at the interface soil-rough solid materials steel was found to be lower than the shear strength of the soil, for a soil that is classified as high plasticity clay. Furthermore, it was found that the interfacial shear strength is independent of the texture surface for a given roughness.     

Holocene soils and soil-geomorphic relations in a semiarid region of southern New Mexico

Holocene soils of a semiarid area in southern New Mexico occur on terraces and fans in and adjacent to the mountains. The illustrative soils have formed in alluvium derived from rhyolite, monzonite, and sedimentary rocks, mainly limestone.A large arid basin occurs downslope from the mountains. In the arid-semiarid transition, the effect of a gradual increase in precipitation on soil morphology is shown by Holocene soils that sensitively reflect the precipitation. Where the parent materials contain little or no carbonate, a surficial noncalcareous zone and a reddish-brown horizon of silicate clay accumulation thicken mountainward as precipitation increases. The Bt horizon is underlain by the carbonate horizon, the upper boundary of which deepens mountainward. These orographic-depth relations and soil morphology support an interpretation that some of the clay (as well as the carbonate) is of illuvial origin. In high-carbonate parent materials, a noncalcareous zone has not developed and a reddish-brown horizon of clay accumulation has not formed.In upper horizons, organic carbon increases and color darkens towards the mountains. This causes a change in soils at the categorical level of soil order; Mollisols do not occur in the arid basin downslope, where nearly all Holocene soils are either Aridisols or Entisols. In the semiarid zone, however, most Holocene soils are Mollisols. Thick, dark A horizons have formed in many of these soils. The thickness of these horizons is attributed primarily to episodes of sedimentation during soil development. Some Holocene Aridisols also occur in the semiarid zone. Generally these are on narrow ridges, where the mollic epipedon has been truncated or did not form.In some terrains the soil-geomorphic relations are complex and Holocene soils may be above or at the same elevation as adjacent, much older soils. In such situations, when the morphological range of the various soils has been determined, soil morphology may be used to distinguish the Holocene soils and surfaces from their older analogs.     

H-V加筋饱和砂土性状的三轴试验研究

进行了H-V（水平-竖向）加筋饱和砂土固结不排水三轴试验。加筋材料采用镀锌铁皮和有机玻璃两种不同材料,在不同竖筋高度、不同围压下共进行了44组试验,研究了加筋饱和砂土的应力-应变关系、孔压-应变关系、强度特性及破坏形态,探讨了不同加筋高度、不同围压及不同筋材对加筋饱和砂土强度的影响,同时比较了立体加筋与土工格室加筋的异同,对饱和紧砂的空化现象及其影响进行了分析。试验结果表明,相对于无筋土及传统的水平加筋土而言,其抗剪强度均有大幅度提高;尤其是镀锌铁皮加筋,不仅提高了饱和砂土的有效黏聚力,也提高了有效内摩擦角,同时改善了砂土的延性。     

Strength Behavior of Fine Grained Soil Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Polypropylene Fibers

Admixtures and reinforcement materials are frequently used in practice to stabilize coarse and fine grained soils and to improve their engineering properties. However, a limited number of studies have been carried out on fiber-reinforced fine grained soils. In this study, a series of unconfined compression tests, direct shear tests, and California Bearing Ratio tests were carried out to investigate the effect of randomly distributed polypropylene fiber on the strength behavior of a fine grained soil. The content of polypropylene fiber was varied between 0.25 and 1% by total dry weight of the reinforced samples. It was observed that unconfined compression strength, cohesion intercept and California Bearing Ratio increased with the addition of fibers. On the other hand, the results of the tests indicated that shear strength angle was not affected significantly by the fiber reinforcement.     

湖南洞庭湖地区土壤中Hg的来源

Hg污染已成为全球性的环境问题,尤其是Hg对土壤的污染,因其具有隐蔽性、不可逆性和长期性的特点,对陆生生态系统构成潜在的巨大威胁,因此查明土壤中Hg的来源非常重要。运用生态地球化学填图的指导思想,对湖南洞庭湖地区土壤剖面分析和成土过程研究后发现,表层土壤中Hg含量的高低与成土母质中Hg的含量有很好的对应性,成土过程对土壤中Hg的含量也有显著的影响。     

Model for analysis of fiber-reinforced clayey soil

Fiber-reinforced soils have many applications in improving the response of clayey soils. In this paper, an analytical model for the analysis of fiber-reinforced soil in the framework of modified cam clay model is presented. The analytical model is verified using experimental results from the standard undrained triaxial tests with pore water pressure measurements. Tests have been conducted on clayey soil specimens reinforced with randomly oriented discrete coir fibers with different percentages of fiber contents. Numerical simulations of triaxial compression tests on fiber-reinforced clay specimens were also performed. Results are presented in the form of stress vs. strain curves for plain soil as well as fiber-reinforced soil for various fiber contents based on the model developed. The results demonstrate the applicability of proposed analytical model in predicting the stress strain response of fiber-reinforced soils.     

强夯加固回填土地基的三维数值模拟

针对回填土地基,基于ABAQUS有限元软件,采用大变形几何非线性三维有限元方法对强夯加固效果进行了数值模拟。分析中考虑每一次夯击引起的塑性变形,确定前次夯击后土体塑性区开展的形状,并调整塑性区的土性参数,以此作为下次夯击分析的基础,重复上述步骤来实现对强夯整个过程的模拟。结合工程实例分析,得到了在不同夯击能、不同夯击次数作用下土体塑性区开展的情况,有效地预测了强夯加固区在空间上的分布规律。研究结论对类似的强夯工程有一定的参考价值。