斑节对虾淡化养殖试验的盐度调控

福建海洋研究所于１９９６年,１９９７年在福建省龙岩市大池山区进行斑节对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ淡化养殖试验,并获成功,养殖水体是盐卤水与溪水谳制,养殖池水盐度的调控仍是斑节对虾淡化养殖的关键之一。     

莱州市引种养殖斑节对虾的总结报告

1992年,山东省莱州市引种养殖斑节对虾试验获得成功。在当今中国对虾面临病害严重、国际市场呈萎缩态势的情况下,引进和发展养殖斑节对虾,使之渐次形成规模很有必要。 1 引种养殖斑节对虾是市场要素的驱动 斑节对虾人工养殖是一个很有发展前途的养殖品种。斑节对虾又称草虾,它是对虾类中最大的一种。它具有生长快、适应性强和食性杂的优点。目前,在我国南方一些地区,特     

杭州湾对虾淡化养殖池水中叶绿素的测定与分析

2002年5～7月对杭州湾萧山现代农业开发区农发养殖实验场的4口大小不同、放苗量不同、产量不一的淡化对虾养殖虾池水体中的叶绿素a、脱镁叶绿素的含量及其分布特征进行了测定和分析,结果表明:(1)在养殖过程中,4口虾池的叶绿素a含量均较高,各虾池叶绿素a含量变化趋势基本相同但变化幅度不一,所测数值中有68%超过富营养化阈值,因而该水体在养殖期间已呈富营养化状态,但此间没有发生赤潮。(2)4口虾池水体中的脱镁叶绿素与叶绿素a含量比值的变化有所不同,1、4号虾池在养殖过程中该比值呈下降趋势,表明1、4号虾池水质相对正常、稳定;2、3号虾池在养殖中期该比值急剧上升,表明2、3号虾池在养殖中期水质曾发生剧烈变化,这直接导致了养殖对虾的减产。因而,养殖水体水质的剧烈变化较其富营养化程度更能直接影响对虾的产量。     

水体环境因子与对虾养殖关系

本文针对我国对虾养殖现状和存在的问题,分析研究水体环境因子与对虾养殖的密切关系,并提出改变水体环境,提高虾池水质的可行意见。     

对虾养殖水质与饵料的关系研究

本文报道投喂不同厂家生产的对虾配合饵料致使水质因子变化的比较试验。结果表明：对虾养殖水体的ｐＨ、溶解氧及氨氮含量的变化和饵料的质量有直接关系，且影响到对虾的生存。而养殖水体的盐度、温度的变化和饵料的相关性不甚明显。文中还对配合饵料影响养殖水质因子变化的机理作了初步探讨。     

斑节对虾幼体暂养试验

本文报道斑节对虾ｐｅｍａｅｕｓｍｏｎｄｏｎ室外幼体暂养阶段的试验结果。将池水进到最高水位,用药物严格消毒除害,用肥料培育饵料生物,按每立方水体投入５０００ｎｔｋｙ斑节对元幼体,用沸石粉稳定底质,用光合细菌净化水质,适当投喂浮游生物,保持暂养水体生态平衡,２０－２５ｄ育出事格虾苗,存活率为２５％－３３％。     

养殖水体环境与对虾白斑综合症关系的研究进展

针对养殖对虾病害频发的现状,就养殖水环境中理化因子、微藻、细菌与对虾白斑综合症（WSS）的相关关系,对前人的研究进行了综述与分析。分析表明养殖水体理化因子的变化将引起养殖对虾WSS的爆发,微藻、细菌的种类和数量变化也与养殖对虾WSS发生有一定关联,提出通过观测水质和藻相可以预警养殖对虾WSS的爆发,构建良好的藻-菌关系和调控良好水质对养殖对虾WSS的预防控制有关键作用。     

斑节对虾全封闭养殖试验

对６次斑节对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ全封闭养殖试验进行了介绍。试验表明,在虾病多发区采取全封闭养殖可以有效地避免虾病的发生,使养殖获得成功。文章对杀灭虾池病原菌和敌害生物所用的药物,以及保持虾池水体生态平衡所采取的措施匀作了介绍。     

水体理化因子与斑节对虾杆状病毒关系的研究

探索塘水体理化因子与斑节对虾杆状病毒病之间的关系，反映水质好坏的理化因子主要有水温、盐度、ｐＨ值、溶解氧、氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮和硫化氢等。水温升高，对虾摄食量减少，体质下降，抗病力降低。盐度高低会影响细菌的繁殖速度和病毒的复制速率。     

高位池养殖南美白对虾与斑节对虾的对比试验

于2001年进行高位池养殖南美白对虾与斑节对虾的对比试验，结果表明，南美白对虾在生长速度，单位面积产量，产值、存活率，饵料系数和抗病能力等方面明显优于斑节对虾，适合于推广养殖。     

孟加拉湾海表盐度变化特征的卫星遥感应用研究

本文利用2011年8月至2014年3月Aquarius卫星盐度产品结合Argo等实测盐度资料,探讨了孟加拉湾海表盐度的季节及年际变化特征。结果显示,Aquarius与Argo盐度呈显著线性正相关,总体较Argo盐度值低,偏差为-0.13,其中在孟加拉湾北部海域负偏差值比南部海域更大,分别为-0.28和-0.10。Aquarius卫星与Argo浮标在表层盐度观测深度上的差别是造成此系统偏差的主因。Aquarius盐度资料清晰显示了孟加拉湾海表盐度具有明显的季节变化特征,包括阿拉伯海高盐水的入侵引起湾南部海域盐度的变化以及湾北部淡水羽分布范围的季节性迁移等主要特征。此外,分析还揭示了2011(2012)年春季整个湾内出现异常高盐(低盐)现象。研究表明,2010(2011)年湾北部夏季降雨减少(增加)导致该海域海水盐度偏高(偏低),并通过表层环流向南输运引起次年春季湾内表层盐度出现异常高盐(低盐)现象,春季风应力旋度正(负)距平通过影响盐度垂直混合过程对同期表层盐度异常高盐(低盐)变化也有影响。     

Long-term change and variation of salinity in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre revealed by 50-year long observations along 137°E

The 137°E repeat hydrographic section for 50 winters during 1967–2016 has been analyzed to examine interannual to interdecadal variations and long-term changes of salinity and temperature in the surface and intermediate layers of the western North Pacific, with a particular focus on freshening in the subtropical gyre. Rapid freshening on both isobars and isopycnals began in the mid-1990s and persisted for the last 20 years in the upper main thermocline/halocline in the western subtropical gyre. In addition, significant decadal variability of salinity existed in the subtropical mode water (STMW), as previously reported for the shallower layers. An analysis of the 144°E repeat hydrographic section during 1984–2013 supplemented by Argo profiling float data in 2014 and 2015 revealed that the freshening trend and decadal variability observed at 137°E originated in the winter mixed layer in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region and was transmitted southwestward to 137°E 1–2 years later in association with the subduction and advection of STMW. The mechanism of these changes and variations in the source region was further investigated. In addition to the surface freshwater flux in the KE region pointed out by previous studies, the decadal KE variability in association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation likely contributes to the decadal salinity variability through water exchange between the subtropics and the subarctic across the KE. Interdecadal change in both the surface freshwater flux and the KE state, however, failed to explain the rapid freshening for the last 20 years.     

冲绳海槽表层沉积物中浮游有孔虫壳体的氧同位素分布特征及其影响因素

选择冲绳海槽的3个剖面A、B、C上的现代表层沉积物样品，对浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber、Glo-bigerinoides sacculifer和Neogloboquadrina dutertrei进行了氧同位素分析，结果表明，几乎所有样品从G.ruber到G.sacculifer到N.dutertrei其氧同位素值均由轻变重，表明3种有孔虫其生活水层依次由浅到深，进一步证实了这3个种的生态生活习性在冲绳海槽区域与开放大洋同样一致，在槽穿海槽的A、C两个剖面上，G.ruber和N.dutertrei的氧同位素有相似的变化，从西向东氧内闰素值依次由轻变重，然后又变轻，表明剖面西侧站位有孔虫壳体氧同位素因受冲淡水影响较强而变轻，而在东侧站位受高温黑潮的影响氧同位素同样有变轻的趋势，沿海槽轴向展布的剖面B上的氧同位素变化主要受冲淡水的影响，表层水体在剖面中部和南端冲淡水影响相对较大，而次表层水只在剖面南端受冲淡水影响相对较强，剖面A、C上的N.dutertrei和G.ruber的氧同位素差值有着相反的变化趋势，在剖面A上，氧同位素差值从近陆端向近岛弧端逐渐由小变大，而在剖面C上，则逐渐由大变小，上述变化可能表明了磁部区域黑潮支流对表层水体的影响要大于次表层水体，而在南部海槽区域，黑潮暖流对次表层水体有相对较强的影响。     

Cessation and partial reversal of deep water freshening in the northern North Atlantic: observation-based estimates and attribution

Recent decadal salinity changes in the Greenland-Scotland overflow-derived deep waters are quantified using CTD data from repeated hydrographic sections in the Irminger Sea. The Denmark Strait Overflow Water salinity record shows the absence of any net change over the 1980s–2000s; changes in the Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and in the deep water column (σ₀ > 27.82), enclosing both overflows, show a distinct freshening reversal in the early 2000s. The observed freshening reversal is a lagged consequence of the persistent ISOW salinification that occurred upstream, in the Iceland Basin, after 1996 in response to salinification of the northeast Atlantic waters entrained into the overflow. The entrainment salinity increase is explained by the earlier documented North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-induced contraction of the subpolar gyre and corresponding northwestward advance of subtropical waters that followed the NAO decline in the mid-1990s and continued through the mid-2000s. Remarkably, the ISOW freshening reversal is not associated with changes in the overflow water salinity. This suggests that changes in the NAO-dependent relative contributions of subpolar and subtropical waters to the entrainment south of the Iceland–Scotland Ridge may dominate over changes in the Nordic Seas freshwater balance with respect to their effect on the ISOW salinity.     

Long-term variation in the salinity of the Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, 1976–2006

This paper discusses the long-term variation in the salinity of the Southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (SYSCWM) and examines factors influencing the SYSCWM based on hydrographic datasets of the China National Standard section and the Korea Oceanographic Data Center. The mean salinity at the center of the SYSCWM showed a decreasing long-term trend. In empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the second EOF mode showed a similar long-term trend. The mean salinity of the center of the SYSCWM was related to the intrusion of saline water from the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the salinity of the source area of the YSWC, the evaporation minus precipitation (E–P) flux, and discharge from the Changjiang River. The decreasing salinity trend to the southwest of Cheju Island produced a freshening trend in the YSWC, resulting in a reduction in the salinity of the SYSCWM. The freshening trends of the water from the northwest Pacific and the South China Sea were seen as the reason for the decreasing salinity trend from the intrusion of water into the Yellow Sea (YS). The freshwater flux influenced the surface salinity and was brought to deep layers by strong mixing in winter. The mean E–P flux signal and Changjiang River discharge signal lagged the first principal component of the SYSCWM by approximately 5 months.     

福建省深远海养殖现状及发展对策

相较于池塘养殖、普通网箱养殖等传统海水养殖方式,深远海网箱养殖的区域水质环境质量更好,浮游生物密度大,可以达到仿野生养殖的环境,养殖出来的海产品存活率高,口感、品质有质的提升。发展深远海装备养殖能够有效拓展养殖空间、提升水产品品质、改善生态环境,已成为福建省推动海洋经济高质量发展的具体举措,对于进一步加快福建省海水养殖绿色发展、促进海洋科技创新发展、培育海洋产业新动能都具有重要意义。     

Deep North Atlantic freshening simulated in a coupled climate model

The observed recent freshening trend in the deep North Atlantic and the Labrador Sea is investigated in three forced ensembles and a long control simulations using the HadCM3 coupled ocean–atmosphere–sea-ice climate model. The 40 yr freshening trend during the late half of the 20th century is captured in the all forcings ensemble that applies all major external (natural and anthropogenic) forcing factors. Each ensemble has four members with different initial conditions taking from the control run at a 100 yr interval. No similar freshening trend is found in each of the four corresponding periods of the control simulation. However, there are five large freshening events in a 1640 yr period of the control run, each following a sudden salinity increase. A process analysis revealed that the increase in salinity in the Labrador Sea is closely linked to deep convections while the following freshening trend is accompanied by a period of very weak convective activities.The fact that none of the five large freshening events appears in the four corresponding periods following the initial conditions of the four members of the all forcings ensemble suggest that external forcings may have contributed to triggering the events. Further analyses of two other ensemble simulations (natural forcings only and anthropogenic forcings only) have shown that natural rather than anthropogenic factors are responsible. Based on our model results, we can not attribute the simulated freshening to anthropogenic climate change.     

Freshening of near-bottom waters in Lake Baikal triggered by the Mw6.2 Kultuk earthquake of August 2008

In September 2008, freshening of near-bottom water and an increase in concentration of suspended particles were observed in the western part of southern Lake Baikal. The reduction in the content of total dissolved solids was about 0.4–0.7?mg/kg (0.7?%), and average suspended particle concentration increased strongly to 6–9?mg/l, the background value being 0.2?mg/l. The spatial distribution of these waters was virtually identical to the focal area of the M_w6.2 Kultuk earthquake that occurred on 27 August 2008. It is suggested that there was a causal relationship between these two phenomena. Freshening of a significant amount (about 20?km³) of near-bottom waters was plausibly caused by an input of poorly mineralized pore waters from bottom sediments as a result of dissociation of methane gas hydrates suspected to occur in the area. The energy radiated by the earthquake source was four orders of magnitude smaller than that needed to explain the observed freshening of near-bottom waters. This points to other mechanisms leading to seismic-induced sediment failure and possible subsequent hydrate dissociation in the case of the Kultuk earthquake.     

西施舌育苗水体污损生物及其防治

2000年6月-2001年8月与2002年5月-2003年8月，先后在福建长乐和广东汕头进行西施舌人工育苗的研究．发现西施舌育苗水体的污损生物21种，其中影响较大的有10种．加强水质和底质处理，改进育苗技术工艺，寻找污染源，以防为主．是治理育苗污损生物行之有效的方法．     

漳浦前亭两个综合养殖虾池环境因子的变化及其养殖效益的对比研究

福建漳浦前亭综合养殖系统1^＃池的主养种为菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum)和池蚶（Tegillarca granosa),搭养种为日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus)和长毛对虾（Penaeus penicillatus).2^#池的主养种为菲律宾蛤仔，搭养种为日本对虾。1999年8月至2000年7月的周年跟踪调查结果表明：这两口综合养殖池9个水质理化因子（水温、透明度、盐度、氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氨、活性磷酸盐、pH值、化学需氧量）和2个沉积物指标（有机质、硫化物）的测值大多数符合养殖标准。1^＃池COD、有机质和硫化场的测值大多数比2^#池的低得多，这表明不同综合养殖系统的生态环境条件不同，养殖效益也不同。