空间钢框架结构的简化柱梁模型及其弹塑性动力分析

高层钢结构本身构件众多，又要考虑材料非线性几何非线性等因素影响。使得计算非常复杂，这样就非常有必要对其进行简化，多质点系剪切模型在多层平面框架的抗震分析中已得到广泛的应用，但这种模型不能考虑钢框架结构梁柱的强度比和刚度比，节点域变形，柱附加轴力引起的弯曲变形和梁间塑性铰对地震响应的影响。要文介绍的简化柱梁模型考虑以上因素，对高层平面钢框架结构和空间结构进行了有效的简化，并进行了钢框架的二阶弹塑性动力分析。     

有限单元柔度法考虑剪切变形的纤维单元模型

基于有限单元柔度法的梁柱单元模型,以单元力的形函数为出发点,其优点是单元内部截面力场的分布总能满足平衡条件。但目前国内外学者提出的梁柱单元模型,还不能考虑剪切变形对构件刚度的影响。建立了基于有限单元柔度法的弹塑性纤维单元模型,考虑了剪切变形和几何非线性的影响,适用于钢筋混凝土短柱、剪力墙等较大截面杆件的分析研究。依据单元模型编制了非线性有限元分析程序,进行了低周反复荷载试验的数值模拟。模拟分析结果反映了结构构件的主要受力特征,并与实验结果具有良好的一致性。     

基于OpenSees平台的钢管混凝土结构力学性能数值模拟

基于非线性纤维梁-柱单元理论,以OpenSees为求解平台分别进行了钢管混凝土结构滞回曲线计算和弹塑性动力时程分析等数值模拟,计算结果与试验吻合良好。钢管内核心混凝土采用考虑钢管约束效应的应力—应变关系,钢材采用随动强化本构模型。在传统纤维模型法的基础上,通过直接在截面层次定义非线性剪切恢复力的方法建立了考虑非线性剪切效应的剪力墙结构数值模型,结果表明该模型能较好地模拟组合剪力墙的抗剪承载力、捏缩效应以及刚度退化等力学性能。对输入不同地震波下钢管混凝土框架体系的动力时程分析表明,基于OpenSees求解平台的非线性纤维模型法能够较好地模拟钢管混凝土框架结构的非线性动力特性。     

基于Timoshenko梁理论纤维模型巨型钢框架结构非线性地震反应分析方法

巨型钢框架结构中,组成主结构的杆件截面高度很大,荷载作用下截面剪切变形对杆件承载力和塑性发展的影响不能忽略,即基于弯曲梁理论的截面纤维模型梁柱单元用于此类结构非线性分析时精度并不高.本文基于刚度法将截面纤维模型与Timoshenko梁理论结合,考虑剪切屈服与弯曲屈服相分离建立杆件单元刚度矩阵通过有限元软件MSC.Mar...     

OpenSEES的剪力墙宏观单元的研究

重点研究三维剪力墙单元MVLEM3D的数值模型及计算原理,并采用开源非线性有限元程序OpenSEES进行剪力墙低周往复试验的数值分析,探讨不同单元划分形式对结果的影响。通过二次开发编制了基于OpenSEES的剪力墙结构分析程序SWNA,对不同弹簧个数、不同竖向及水平划分方式,建立剪力墙宏观单元模型进行分析,对比试验结果表明该数值方法能够很好地从宏观上模拟剪力墙弹塑性行为:包括中和轴移动、剪切变形影响、局部塑性状态及破坏机制等。通过单元及弹簧的划分对比,可知该单元可通过比较少的自由度模拟剪力墙结构,节省大量计算时间。对于强非线性分析,增加水平划分可以考虑局部的破坏变形,使骨架曲线下降段明显。因此该单元适用于高层建筑结构的整体弹塑性分析及基于性能的抗震评定。     

E-Defense振动台试验预测性分析比赛的研究综述

文中介绍了日本E-Defense的足尺钢框架振动台试验预测性分析比赛的情况,研究了分析人员对该钢框架结构所采用不同的数值分析方法。分析方法大致分为纤维模型,塑性铰模型,微观单元模型及结构协同分析方法4种。纤维模型与塑性铰模型属于宏观单元,假定条件较多但自由度数少适用于整体结构分析。微观单元假定条件较少,力学概念明确,能准确反映构件局部破坏,整体分析比较困难。结构协同分析方法属于混合单元法,通过不同单元甚至不同程序模拟各个构件,再通过主程序组装总刚度进行动力分析,该方法发挥了微观单元和宏观单元各自的优点。     

基于OpenSees的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震数值分析模型

地震荷载作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩易发生严重破坏,模拟桥墩在循环荷载作用下的非线性滞回反应是桥梁抗震研究的重要内容。以8个发生弯曲破坏的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震拟静力试验结果为依据,基于Open Sees中的非线性梁柱单元、零长度转动弹簧单元和零长度剪切弹簧单元,建立了考虑弯曲、粘结滑移和剪切变形的桥墩抗震数值分析模型。将模拟得到的试件滞回曲线,墩顶弯曲、粘结滑移和剪切变形等成分、初始刚度和残余位移与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,所建模型对各桥墩的滞回曲线、各变形成分、初始刚度和残余位移有较好的模拟效果。     

考虑轴-弯-剪耦合效应的钢筋混凝土柱滞回性能研究

试验研究及震害调查发现:由于配箍不足或箍筋间距过大,地震作用下钢筋混凝土柱易发生剪切破坏,继而发生轴向破坏。采用纤维截面的钢筋混凝土梁柱单元及与之串联的剪切弹簧以及轴向弹簧考虑钢筋混凝土柱的轴-弯-剪耦合效应,其中纤维梁柱单元用于模拟柱的弯曲机制,与梁柱单元串联的剪切弹簧和轴向弹簧用于模拟剪切机制和轴向机制,并利用单轴材料模型中的Limit State Material及其相应的Shear Limit Curve和Axial Limit Curve确定材料的剪切破坏与轴向破坏失效点,最终从单元层次上定义轴-弯-剪耦合效应。为验证该数值模型的合理性,选取不同破坏形式、轴向力与水平循环往复荷载共同作用下拟静力试验的钢筋混凝土柱,借助Open Sees分析软件模拟其滞回性能。模拟结果与试验结果的对比分析表明:考虑轴-弯-剪耦合的串联模型能较好地模拟钢筋混凝土柱的强度、刚度退化及捏拢效应等,且能够反映钢筋混凝土构件在复杂应力条件下的受力性能。     

基于柔度法的异形截面钢筋混凝土构件非线性分析

钢筋混凝土异形截面构件在住宅建筑中已被广泛应用,但适合此类长细比较小的异形截面构件空间分析模型并不成熟.目前国内外学者提出的基于有限单元柔度法的纤维单元模型,还不能考虑剪切变形对构件刚度的影响,对于短肢剪力墙这类长细比较小的构件是不适用的.本文建立了考虑剪切变形的基于柔度法的弹塑性纤维单元,对L形钢筋混凝土构件进行了算例分析.模拟计算结果与试验结果显示出良好的一致性,L形截面构件在侧力作用下会发生斜弯曲现象,钢筋混凝土构件在纯弯矩作用下杆件具有伸长特性.     

考虑墙-框连接刚度影响的填充墙框架结构抗震性能分析

历史震害表明,填充墙与框架的连接刚度对框架结构的抗震性能有重要影响。我国《建筑抗震设计规范》(2010)建议"框架结构中的砌体填充墙,宜与柱脱开或采用柔性连接",但对二者的具体连接刚度,规范并没有做出明确规定。运用ABAQUS软件,对前人开展的考虑填充墙与框架连接影响的框架结构拟静力试验进行数值模拟,对比分析填充墙框架结构破坏特征及滞回曲线等抗震性能指标,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。基于某典型框架结构,建立不考虑填充墙、考虑填充墙与框架不同连接刚度的框架结构有限元模型。模态分析表明,连接刚度对框架结构的频率影响较小,结构的动力特性趋于一致;多遇地震和罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析表明,合适的连接刚度可以提高结构的抗震性能。研究可为框架结构的抗震设计提供参考。     

Low cyclic fatigue and hysteretic behavior of U‐shaped steel dampers for seismically isolated buildings under dynamic cyclic loadings

Energy dissipation devices are necessary for base‐isolated buildings to control the deformation in the isolation system and to dissipate the earthquake‐induced energy. U‐shaped steel dampers (also known as U‐dampers) dissipate energy through plastic deformation of specially designed U‐shaped steel elements. This type of device can be installed at several locations in the isolation system. U‐dampers have been widely used in Japan for different types of isolated structures, such as hospitals, plants and residential buildings, since the 1995 Kobe Earthquake. Previous research has used static tests to estimate the performance of U‐dampers. However, the ultimate plastic deformation capacities and hysteretic behaviors of full‐scale U‐dampers under dynamic excitations still remain unclear. In addition, it is unclear whether the initial temperature has an effect on the hysteretic behavior and plastic deformation capacity of U‐dampers. In this paper, two series of dynamic loading tests of U‐dampers were conducted to evaluate the issues described earlier. The major findings of the study are (i) the loading speed has little effect on the plastic deformation capacity of U‐dampers; (ii) method to evaluate the ultimate plastic deformation capacities of U‐shaped steel dampers of different sizes is established using a Manson–Coffin relation‐based equation that is based on the peak‐to‐peak horizontal shear angle γ_t, which is defined as the lateral deformation amplitude (peak‐to‐peak amplitude) divided by the height of the dampers; (iii) the loading rate and the initial temperature have a minimal effect on the hysteretic behavior of the U‐dampers; and (iv) a bilinear model is proposed to simulate the force‐deformation relationships of the U‐dampers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RC structures cyclic behavior simulation with a model integrating plasticity,damage, and bond‐slip

The behavior of reinforced concrete structures under severe demands, as strong ground motions, is highly complex; this is mainly due to the complexity of concrete behavior and to the strong interaction between concrete and steel, with several coupled failure modes. On the other hand, given the increasing awareness and concern on the worldwide seismic risk, new developments have arisen in earthquake engineering; nonetheless, some developments are mainly based on simple analytical tools that are widely used, given their moderate computational cost. This research aims to provide a solid basis for validation and calibration of such developments by using computationally efficient continuum mechanics‐based tools. Within this context, this paper presents a model for 3D simulation of cyclic behavior of RC structures. The model integrates a bond‐slip model developed by one of the authors and the damage variable evolution methodology for concrete damage plastic model developed by some authors. In the integrated model, a new technique is derived for efficient 3D analysis of bond‐slip of 2 or more crossing reinforcing bars in beam‐column joints, slabs, footings, pile caps, and other similar members. The analysis is performed by implementing the bond‐slip model in a user element subroutine of Abaqus and the damage variable evolution methodology in the original concrete damage plastic model in the package. Two laboratory experiments consisting of a column and a frame subjected to cyclic displacements up to failure are simulated with the proposed formulation.     

基于推覆分析的钢框架结构地震倒塌判别准则研究

结构地震倒塌判别准则是工程结构强震分析的关键问题。在层损伤模型的基础上,建立了基于推覆分析的建筑结构整体损伤模型,并以国内某2层2跨平面钢框架结构拟静力试验为背景,应用有限元程序ABAQUS对平面钢框架进行了强震倒塌数值模拟。分析了钢框架结构的倒塌破坏过程,基于建议地震倒塌判别准则研究了钢框架结构的损伤演化规律。结果表明:钢框架结构在强震作用下的损伤发展顺序与塑性发展顺序一致;基于推覆分析的结构整体损伤模型能较好的体现强震作用下钢框架结构的损伤演化规律,且在上下界处收敛;强震作用下,钢框架结构的初始损伤主要由结构的残余侧移引起,而后期损伤主要由结构的承载力和刚度退化引起。     

SRC柱塑性铰区域变形性能试验研究

完成了8个1/2比例的型钢混凝土(SRC)柱在低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究.对试件塑性铰区域的弯曲变形和剪切变形进行了量测,通过量测数据计算不同变形成分对SRC柱层间位移的贡献并分析了其随加载过程的变化规律.试验研究表明,SRC柱塑性铰区的弯曲变形是引起层间位移的主要变形分量,塑性铰区的剪切变形对层间位移的贡献相对较小...     

A three-dimensional nonlinear reduced-order predictive joint model

Mechanical joints can have significant effects on the dynamics of assembled structures. However, the lack of efficacious predictive dynamic models for joints hinders accurate prediction of their dynamic behavior. The goal of our work is to develop physics-based, reduced-order, finite element models that are capable of replicating the effects of joints on vibrating structures. The authors recently developed the so-called two-dimensional adjusted Iwan beam element (2-D AIBE) to simulate the hysteretic behavior of bolted joints in 2-D beam structures. In this paper, 2-D AIBE is extended to three-dimensional cases by formulating a three-dimensional adjusted Iwan beam element (3-D AIBE). Impulsive loading experiments are applied to a jointed frame structure and a beam structure containing the same joint. The frame is subjected to excitation out of plane so that the joint is under rotation and single axis bending. By assuming that the rotation in the joint is linear elastic, the parameters of the joint associated with bending in the frame are identified from acceleration responses of the jointed beam structure, using a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MLFF). Numerical simulation is then performed on the frame structure using the identified parameters. The good agreement between the simulated and experimental impulsive acceleration responses of the frame structure validates the efficacy of the presented 3-D AIBE, and indicates that the model can potentially be applied to more complex structural systems with joint parameters identified from a relatively simple structure.     

Identification of yield drift deformations and evaluation of the degree of damage through the direct sensing of drift displacements

Inter‐story drift displacement data can provide useful information for story damage assessment. The authors' research group has developed photonic‐based sensors for the direct measurement of inter‐story drift displacements. This paper proposes a scheme for evaluating the degree of damage in a building structure based on drift displacement sensing. The scheme requires only measured inter‐story drift displacements without any additional finite element analysis. A method for estimating yield drift deformation is proposed, and then, the degree of beam end damage is evaluated based on the plastic deformation ratios derived with the yield drift deformation values estimated by the proposed method. The validity and effectiveness of the presented scheme are demonstrated via experimental data from a large‐scale shaking table test of a one‐third‐scale model of an 18‐story steel building structure conducted at E‐Defense. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土平面框架结构拟动力有限元分析

采用ABAQUS软件建立2层1榀1跨钢筋混凝土平面框架结构的三维实体精细有限元模型进行拟动力分析,模型考虑混凝土的塑性损伤和钢材的弹塑性混合强化性质、结构阻尼和连续地震引起的塑性损伤累积效应。在位移、恢复力的计算结果与已有拟动力试验结果符合较好的基础上,进一步分析该平面框架的结构损伤、塑性耗能分配机制以及混凝土、钢筋的应力-应变。结果表明:小震、中震作用下,平面框架结构基本处于弹性阶段,大震作用时进入塑性阶段;地震往复作用使梁柱节点处混凝土比柱底更容易压碎,1层梁比2层梁更容易破坏;梁的塑性耗能占比远远大于柱,该框架为典型的"强柱弱梁"结构体系;采用的建模分析方法能有效反映结构的损伤过程,可方便地用于实际工程的抗震性能评估。     

应用OpenSees模拟钢管混凝土不等跨框架抗震性能

基于一榀方钢管混凝土柱-H型钢梁不等跨平面框架的抗震性能试验,应用OpenSees有限元软件,模拟了低周反复荷载作用下框架的荷载-位移曲线,并对其抗震性能影响参数进行分析。研究结果表明:OpenSees中塑性铰纤维单元模拟栓焊连接的H型钢梁具有合理性。混凝土强度对框架的抗震性能影响较小,提高钢材强度可以有效提升框架结构的承载力和延性,其中Q345具有较高的性价比。柱截面宽厚比越小,框架承载力越高。轴压比增大会对框架抗震性能产生不利影响,工程中应避免出现高轴压比。在钢管混凝土不等跨框架结构设计中,钢梁跨度要综合考虑梁截面抗弯能力和梁柱线刚度比,其变梁异型中节点宜选择合适的梁高比。     

装配式人工消能塑性铰框架-摇摆墙抗震性能研究

为提高装配式钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构的抗震性能,并针对震后梁、柱构件损伤严重等问题,提出一种基于人工塑性消能铰的装配式混凝土框架-摇摆墙结构。人工消能塑性铰即梁、柱构件在梁端采用机械铰及附加耗能钢板连接的构造,基于该构造的框架结合底部铰接的剪力墙,形成人工消能塑性铰框架-摇摆墙结构。使用OpenSEES软件建立了人工消能塑性铰框架-摇摆墙模型及2组对比模型,选用24条天然地震波对3组结构模型进行双向地震响应分析,结果表明:人工消能塑性铰框架-摇摆墙结构可通过摇摆墙的构造,提升结构竖向连续刚度,使结构层间变形均匀,实现完全梁铰的理想屈服机制;在整体可控的变形模式下充分利用人工消能塑性铰滞回耗能,有效减小结构地震响应。     

考虑楼板作用的SRC柱-钢梁混合框架动力时程分析

为了解楼板空间作用对型钢混凝土(SRC)柱-钢梁混合框架抗震性能的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS分别建立带有楼板和不带楼板的两跨三层SRC柱-钢梁框架,选取2组天然波和1组人工波对其进行弹塑性分析,对比2种框架结构的型钢应力分布、混凝土板损伤、层间相对位移角以及框架基底剪力,分析楼板在结构抗震中的影响规律。结果表明:增加楼板可以有效增加框架抗侧刚度,最大可使层间位移角降低38.7%;同时可以减小核心区梁端塑性区域的面积,减缓型钢上翼缘应力发展速度;而且楼板的存在可使最大基底剪力提升60.7%,有利于减小结构损伤和提高抗震性能。