某越江隧道顶管工作井基坑降水方法应用

位于上海浦东地区的越江隧道顶管工作井施工基坑距黄浦江防风墙45m,距煤气公司煤气井仪表室1.20m。基坑开挖底界(深度32.45m)为场地内第⑦土层承压含水层顶部(静止水位-6.40m)。为保证基坑施工及临近建筑物的安全,避免基坑降水造成砂土流失而引起的地面沉降问题,在降水井的施工中,根据含水介质的颗粒级配选择相应规格的过滤砂作为过滤层填料,并保证过滤层具有一定的厚度,使降水时的含砂量控制在1/10万以下;采用非稳定流控制水位跟踪作业降水法,尽量减少基坑降水的影响范围,取得了良好的预期效果。     

深基坑降水疏干过程中三维渗流场数值模拟研究

运用潜水、承压水渗流理论和有限差分法,以及干湿单元、预处理共扼梯度算法,以上海环球金融中心塔楼深基坑降水为依托工程,对深基坑降水的三维非稳定渗流场的计算建模和降水疏干过程进行了数值模拟研究。利用5口井和8口井的群井抽水试验资料,对模型主要参数进行了校正及后继检验计算。在上述基础上对中心基坑水位降至-22m时井的布置方案进行了优化设计,同时分析了深基坑内外渗流场的变化,为深基坑降水设计和施工提供了依据。     

无观测孔双井干扰抽水求取承压含水层导水系数方法探讨

煤矿疏降水工程需要以含水层组参数为基础进行合理布设。结合某矿区内的非稳定流双孔干扰抽水试验,在无观测孔情况下,根据抽水井资料分别利用通用直线法、水位恢复法、解析法及优化拟合四种方法确定承压含水层的导水系数,并利用后期疏降水孔资料对上述方法进行验证,结果表明通用直线法和水位恢复法计算结果可靠。     

长江漫滩抽水试验与水文地质参数计算

长江漫滩地区第四系是一个巨厚的复杂含水体,地下水丰富,对深大基坑施工影响极大。南京梅子洲过江通道连接线及青奥轴线地下交通系统工程位于长江下游漫滩,基坑最大开挖深度为27.5 m。为满足基坑降水设计及施工要求,勘察时选择有代表性的地段布置了3组抽水试验井,对潜水含水层及承压水含水层进行抽水试验,根据试验井类型和边界条件,选用潜水完整井稳定流、承压水完整井稳定流及非稳定流、承压水非完整井稳定流及非稳定流等多种地下水计算模型进行参数计算并综合分析,为设计提供水文地质参数,并实地验证了参数的合理性。     

箱型帷幕注浆在三明市污水处理厂5#泵站基坑支护中的应用

三明市污水处理厂2期工程5#泵站座落沙溪河畔,基坑低于沙溪河正常水位3．90m,基坑岩土层为杂填土和砂,为确保基坑施工安全,设计采用箱型帷幕注浆以达到隔水和加固的目的,经施工取得了满意的效果。     

关于潜水完整井单孔稳定流求参的两个问题

本文就如何充分利用潜水完整井单孔稳定流抽水试验资料、计算含水层渗透系数及水位变动带的给水度等问题,进行了简要分析对比,认为消除水跃值后单孔稳定流计算结果,与利用非稳定流方法和用带观测孔的稳定流方法计算结果相近。     

钱塘江边基坑的降水设计与监测

钱塘江由于钱江潮而引起水位偏高,如何保证在高水位条件下基坑的边坡安全及施工方便成为基坑支护的一个难 题。结合具体的工程实例,对钱塘江边的基坑工程进行了降水设计及水位监测,并对降水效果进行了分析。结果表明,针对钱塘江冲积平原的土层渗透系数大,采用自流式的深井进行降水是可行的,而且当钱塘江水位较高时可以采用截流深井进行综合降水处理。     

浅谈岩土工程勘察中抽水试验中的几个问题

抽水试验在岩土工程勘察中尤为重要,从理论与实践结合的角度,按稳定流和非稳定流阐述抽水试验过程中抽水孔与观测孔的布置、水位降深、水位观测、抽水稳定延续时间等问题进行讨论,力求达到节约时间,节约费用,提高水文地质参数的准确度。     

黄土地区抽水试验实例与结果分析

结合某地铁站岩土工程勘察抽水试验的实践,介绍了采用抽水试验测定黄土层的渗透系数、影响半径的实例,提出了针对黄土地区综合渗透系数以及水位观测孔布设方法的建议,为黄土地区基坑降水提供借鉴.     

软弱土层中深基坑工程的系统施工技术

介绍了综合采用支护桩、截水帷幕、降水、回灌和锚喷支护等系统施工技术,成功地完成了在粉土、淤泥质粘土中、水位埋深在1.3m,基坑开挖至13.0m深的深基坑工程。     

Physical model test of transparent soil on coupling effect of cut-off wall and pumping wells during foundation pit dewatering

Water level is decreased during foundation pit excavation to avoid water inrush under confined water pressure. Cut-off wall is often used as waterproof curtain to partially cut off the dewatered aquifer. When a foundation pit is located in a built-up area and the underlying confined aquifer is not cut off, the drawdown must be minimized outside the pit to avoid land subsidence in buildings and pipelines. The coupling effect of the cut-off wall and pumping well is used to control the drawdown outside the foundation pit. However, the coupling mechanism is not intuitively well understood because of the limitations of existing experimental methods. In this study, transparent soil was introduced to model the coupling mechanism in the physical model test. High-purity fused silica and mixed paraffin oil were used as skeleton and fluid to simulate the confined aquifer and groundwater. Industrial solid dye and paraffin oil were used as tracers. A camera was used to collect flow information. Tests were performed for the combinations of cut-off wall and partially penetrating pumping wells. The insertion depth ratio of the cut-off wall most effectively influenced the drawdown. The layout of the pumping wells in horizontal direction influenced water level distribution and flow rate. The optimal depth of the pumping wells was 1–5 m above the bottom of the cut-off wall, and the optimal horizontal distance between the cut-off wall and the pumping wells was 25% of the pit width. Non-Darcy flow was observed within the range of 0–10 m around the bottom of the cut-off wall. These results were significant in understanding the cut-off wall and pumping well coupling effect on foundation pit dewatering.

     

基坑出水量计算方法探讨——“面井法”

基于平原区密集分布的农田供水井开采量评价方法——“面井法”,推导出了稳定流状态下,基坑出水量计算的一种新方法——“面井法”,并与“大井法”进行比较.“面井法”计算的基坑水位降深总大于“大井法”计算的基坑水位降深,而出水量则小于“大井法”计算的基坑出水量.“面井法”也定义了基坑等效半径,但形式唯一,简单易记.对于矩形(包括条形、方形)基坑,等效半径计算值总大于“大井法”计算值,而圆形基坑二者相等.由于“面井法”的推导是在整个基坑面积上积分的,其计算结果更能代表整个基坑的渗流特征.     

Field experiments and numerical simulations of whirlpool foundation pit dewatering

A whirlpool foundation pit is a small-diameter, deep circular pit. Because of its depth and small diameter, a large drawdown is required, and a limited number of wells can be installed inside the pit. During excavation, partially penetrating wells inside and outside the foundation pit have to be installed to lower the water level when the aquifer is too thick. However, partially penetrating wells near partially penetrating curtains cannot be treated by analytical methods. Therefore, it is necessary to use numerical methods to predict dewatering during excavation. Field experiments were performed on whirlpool foundation pit 1880 of Baosteel Group, Shanghai, China, to obtain pumping rates and drawdown, pumping with a single well and two wells in the confined aquifer. The results indicate that the drawdown inside the pit induced by pumping wells outside the foundation pit was small, whereas it was large for pumping wells inside the pit. The pumping wells inside and outside the pit had to be combined to lower the water level. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the dewatering process. The hydraulic conductivities of the confined aquifers were inversed by using the pumping tests. Operation schedules were simulated with the corrected model for different combinations of wells inside and outside the pit. The results suggest that different schedules and operation conditions affect drawdown. The monitored results during dewatering indicate that the simulation and field measurements were in agreement. The results can be applied to similar situations.     

国家大剧院深基坑地下水控制设计及施工技术

国家大剧院基坑地下水控制是大剧院工程的三大难题之一,也是专家们讨论的焦点。经过水文地质试验和充分论证,确定了地下水控制方案和施工方法,即采用反循环成井工艺施工引渗井,将上层滞水和潜水引渗到第一层承压含水层中消纳,保证第一步基坑开挖至-15 7m;在-15 7m位置采用连续墙阻隔第一层承压水,并使用旋挖钻机在槽内施工降水井,疏干槽内承压含水层并进行越流补给控制,保证基坑开挖至-26m;在歌剧院台仓局部加深部份(-32 5m),采用封闭布设减压井,解决基坑开挖和台仓地下结构施工时基坑突涌的问题;最后采用特殊的封井技术,将井管内高于槽底约10m的承压水头封堵在槽底以下0 5m,安全截断井管,保证了基础施工。     

复杂地质条件下某深大基坑降水方案优化设计

某深大基坑位于长江下游岸边,场地地层为典型的二元结构,基坑开挖涉及的两层承压含水层间的弱透水层局部缺失,之间水力联系密切,基坑场地地质条件极为复杂,基坑施工降水直接关系到基坑工程的安全。这里将基坑分3个区,分别进行降水设计。具体降水方案:Ⅰ区两层承压含水层和Ⅱ区第一承压含水层被围护结构隔断内外水力联系,采用疏干井降水;Ⅱ区第二承压含水层未被围护结构隔断,Ⅲ区两层承压含水层水力联系密切,针对这两个区域设计了两套降水方案,方案一在Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区均布置有降水井,在Ⅱ区对第二承压含水层降水,在Ⅲ区对第一承压含水层降水;方案二仅在Ⅲ区布置降水井对第一承压含水层降水。为了更好地对降水方案进行对比分析,验证方案的可行性,对此进行了数值模拟分析,计算结果显示,两种方案均能满足降水要求,不过方案二布井数量少,基坑外水位降深较小,对周边环境影响更小,优于方案一。     

Numerical simulation and land subsidence control for deep foundation pit dewatering of Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18

In terms of controlling groundwater in deep foundation pit projects, the usual methods include increasing the curtain depth, reducing the amount of pumped groundwater, and implementing integrated control, in order to reduce the drawdown and land subsidence outside pits. In dewatering design for confined water, factors including drawdown requirements, the thickness of aquifers, the depth of dewatering wells and the depth of cutoff curtains have to be considered comprehensively and numerical simulations are generally conducted for calculation and analysis. Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18 is taken as the case study subject in this paper, a groundwater seepage model is developed according to the on-site engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, the excavation depth of the foundation pit as well as the design depth of the enclosure, hydrogeological parameters are determined via the pumping test, and the foundation pit dewatering is simulated by means of the three-dimensional finite difference method, which produces numerical results that consistent with real monitoring data as to the groundwater table. Besides, the drawdown and the land subsidence both inside and outside the pit caused by foundation pit dewatering are calculated and analyzed for various curtain depths. This study reveals that the drawdown and the land subsidence change faster near the curtain with the increase in the curtain depth, and the gradient of drawdown and land subsidence changes dwindles beyond certain depths. In this project, the curtain depth of 47/49 m is adopted, and a drawdown-land subsidence verification test is completed given hanging curtains before the excavation. The result turns out that the real measurements basically match the calculation results from the numerical simulation, and by increasing the depth of curtains, the land subsidence resulting from dewatering is effectively controlled.     

Numerical simulation and land subsidence control for deep foundation pit dewatering of Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18

In terms of controlling groundwater in deep foundation pit projects, the usual methods include increasing the curtain depth, reducing the amount of pumped groundwater, and implementing integrated control, in order to reduce the drawdown and land subsidence outside pits. In dewatering design for confined water, factors including drawdown requirements, the thickness of aquifers, the depth of dewatering wells and the depth of cutoff curtains have to be considered comprehensively and numerical simulations are generally conducted for calculation and analysis. Longyang Road Station on Shanghai Metro Line 18 is taken as the case study subject in this paper, a groundwater seepage model is developed according to the on-site engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions, the excavation depth of the foundation pit as well as the design depth of the enclosure, hydrogeological parameters are determined via the pumping test, and the foundation pit dewatering is simulated by means of the three-dimensional finite difference method, which produces numerical results that consistent with real monitoring data as to the groundwater table. Besides, the drawdown and the land subsidence both inside and outside the pit caused by foundation pit dewatering are calculated and analyzed for various curtain depths. This study reveals that the drawdown and the land subsidence change faster near the curtain with the increase in the curtain depth, and the gradient of drawdown and land subsidence changes dwindles beyond certain depths. In this project, the curtain depth of 47/49 m is adopted, and a drawdown-land subsidence verification test is completed given hanging curtains before the excavation. The result turns out that the real measurements basically match the calculation results from the numerical simulation, and by increasing the depth of curtains, the land subsidence resulting from dewatering is effectively controlled.     

深基坑降水三维变参数非稳定渗流与地面沉降耦合模型

为了精确模拟预测松散沉积层中深基坑降水引起的地下水渗流场和地面沉降的变化特征,考虑土体孔隙度、渗透系数、储水率随地下水位下降发生的动态变化,建立了深基坑降水三维变参数非稳定渗流与太沙基一维固结理论的地面沉降耦合模型,并采用有限元数值分析方法对模型进行求解。以南京地铁三号线浦珠路站深基坑降水为例进行模拟计算。结果表明：采用15口坑内抽水井,抽水井过滤器埋深为22.0～37.0 m,基坑围护连续墙底部埋深至41.5 m为最优降水方案;不仅使基坑内地下水位满足开挖要求,又使基坑外地面沉降在控制范围内。经验证,所建立的模型合理,计算结果可靠,研究理论用于模拟预测此类地区深基坑降水引起的地下水流场变化具有较高的可信度。     

Study on Deep Well Dewatering Optimization Design in Deep Foundation Pit and Engineering Application

Based on analyses of the theories of groundwater unsteady flow in deep well dewatering in the deep foundation pit,Theis equations are chosen to calculate and analyze the relationship between wa-ter level drawdown of confined aquifer and dewatering duration.In order to reduce engineering cost and diminish detrimental effect on ambient surrounding,optimization design target function based on the control of confined water drawdown and four restriction requisitions based on the control of safe water level,resistance to throwing up from the bottom of foundation pit,avoiding excessively great subsidence and unequal surface subsidence are proposed.Adeep well dewatering project in the deep foundation pit is optimally designed.The calculated results including confined water level drawdown and surface subsid-ence are in close agreement with the measured results,and the optimization design can effectively control both surface subsidence outside foundation pit and unequal subsidence as a result of dewatering.