Image Processing on Geological Data in Vector Format and Multi-Source Spatial Data Fusion

The geological data are constructed in vector format in geographical information system (GIS) while other data such as remote sensing images, geographical data and geochemical data are savedf in raster ones. This paper converts the vector data into 8 bit images according to their importance to mineralization each by programming. We can communicate the geological meaning with the raster images by this method. The paper also fuses geographical data and geochemical data with the programmed strata data. The result shows that image fusion can express different intensities effectively and visualized the structure characters in 2 dimensions. Furthermore, it also can produce optimized information from multi-source data and express them more directly.     

DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN OF A DISASTER INFORMATION SYSTEM ON REGIONAL KARST ROCKY DESERTIFICATION

Based on a systematic analysis about the design principles, systematic objectives, clients＇ demands and functional modules of the regional karst desertification disaster information system, a systematic application plan was proposed in this paper that the mainstream technologies like COMGIS, etc. can be used for secondary development, and Du＇an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi was taken as an example to illustrate the application of geographical information system in development of karst desertification disaster information system, and to provide a feasible plan for realization of accessory decision information aiming for sustainable development of karst desertification area.     

LUNARINFO: A Data Archiving and Retrieving System for the Circumlunar Explorer Based on XML/Web Services

It is essential to build a modern information management system to store and manage data of our circumlunar explorer in order to realize the scientific objectives. It is difficult for an information system based on traditional distributed technology to communicate information and work together among heterogeneous systems in order to meet the new requirement of Internet development. XML and Web Services, because of their open standards and self-containing properties, have changed the mode of information organization and data management. Now they can provide a good solution for building an open, extendable, and compatible information management system, and facilitate interchanging and transferring of data among heterogeneous systems. On the basis of the three-tiered browse/server architectures and the Oracle 9i Database as an information storage platform, we have designed and implemented a data archiving and retrieval system for the circumlunar explorer-LUNARINFO. We have also     

Water Resource Development in the Quaternary Ryukyu Limestone Regions of Japan:Application of the GIS to the Site Selection of Underground Dams

Based on the natural and social conditions as well as hydrogeological characteristics of the Ryukyu limestone, a major aquifer in the Ryukyu Islands, a conception of underground dam, was proposed in the early 1970s in order to develop ground water resources in the Quaternary Ryukyu limestone regions of Japan. The practice of nearly thirty years has shown that the underground dam is an environment-friendly and effective way for developing ground water in these regions.To further improve the technology associated with underground dam, the authors introduced related analytic methods. The application of the geographical information system technology to site selection of the underground dam is reported in this paper.     

Discovering Crustal Deformation Bands by Processing Regional Gravity Field

Objectives: This article presents a new computational procedure to discover scratches buried in the earth's crust. We also validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method with regional gravity data located in a well-known Dabie orogenic zone for test. Methods: Based on the scratch analysis method evolved with mathematical morphology of surfaces, we present a procedure that extracts information of the crustal scratches from regional gravity data. Because the crustal scratches are positively and highly correlated to crustal deformation bands, it can be used for delineation of the crustal deformation belts. The scratches can be quantitatively characterized by calculation of the ridge coefficient function, whose high value traces delineate the deformation bands hidden in the regional gravity field. In addition, because the degree of crustal deformation is an important indicator of tectonic unit divisions, so the crust can be further divided according to the degree of crustal deformation into some tectonic units by using the ridge coefficient data, providing an objective base map for earth scientists to build tectonic models with quantitative evidence. Results: After the ridge coefficients are calculated, we can further enhance the boundary of high ridge-coefficient blocks, resulting in the so-called ridge-edge coefficient function. The high-value ridge-edge coefficients are well correlated with the edge faults of tectonic units underlay, providing accurate positioning of the base map for compilation of regional tectonic maps. In order to validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method, we select the Dabie orogenic zone as a pilot area for test, where rock outcrops are well exposed on the surface and detailed geological and geophysical surveys have been carried out. Tests show that the deformation bands and the tectonic units, which are conformed by tectonic scientists based on surface observations, are clearly displayed on the ridge and ridge-edge coefficient images obtained in this article. Moreover, these computer-generated images provide more accurate locations and geometric details. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that application of modern mathematical tools can promote the quantitative degree in research of modern geosciences, helping to open a door to develop a new branch of mathematical tectonics.     

激光裂解气相色谱法在有机地球化学中应用的研究

Laser Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography (LFGC) can provide important information on organic geochemistry, which can, in return, reflect rapidly and simply the tendency of thermal alteration of organic matter with increasing depth in oil-generating rocks and the percentage production of hydrocarbons as well as permit one to differemtiate the types and properties of kerogen in oil-bearing rocks. Experimental data can also show the variation of organic and effective carbon in oil-bearing rocks. - Aecordingly, new geochemical indexes for oil-generating rocks are expected.     

Accessing Multi-Source Geological Data through Network in MORPAS Software System

MORPAS is a special GIS (geographic information system) software system, based on the MAPGIS platform whose aim is to prospect and evaluate mineral resources quantificationally by synthesizing geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing data. It overlays geological database management, geological background and geological abnormality analysis, image processing of remote sensing and comprehensive abnormality analysis, etc.. It puts forward and integrative solution for the application of GIS in basic-level units and the construction of information engineering in the geological field. As the polularization of computer networks and the request of data sharing, it is necessary to extend its funictions in data management so that all its data files can be accessed in the network server. The paper utilizes some MAPGIS functions for the second development and ADO (access data object) technique to qccess multi-source geological data in SQL Server databases. Then remote visiting and congruous management will be realized in the MORPAS system.     

GeoPyTool:A cross-platform software solution for common geological calculations and plots

GeoPyTool is an open source application developed for geological calculations and plots,such as geochemical classification,parameter calculation,basic statistical analysis and diagrams for structural geology.More than acting as a link from raw data stored in Microsoft Excel~(?)(MS Excel)files to vector graphic files,GeoPyTool includes recently developed routines that have not been included in previous software,such as the calculation of the Ce~((Ⅳ))/Ce~((Ⅲ))ratio for zircons as a method to examine the temporal evolution of oxygen fugacity in the magmatic source for igneous rocks,and the temperature calculator with titanium in zircon and zirconium in rutile.Besides these routines,GeoPyTool also allows users to load any figure from articles or books as a base map.As a Python-based crossplatform program,GeoPyTool works on Windows~(?),MacOS X~(?)and GNU/Linux.GeoPyTool can do the whole process from data to results without the dependence of Microsoft Excel~(?),CorelDraw~(?) and other similar software.It takes Excel~(?)XLSX and CSV(Comma Separated Value)as the formats of both the input data source files and the output calculation results files.The figures generated by GeoPyTool can be saved as portable network graphics(PNG),scalable vector graphics(SVG)or portable document format(PDF).Another highlight of GeoPyTool is the multilingual support,the official versio n of GeoPyTool supports both Chinese and English,and additional languages can be loaded through interface files.GeoPyTool is still in the development stage and will be expanded with further geochemical and structural geology routines.As an open source project,all source code of GeoPyTool are accessible on Github(https://github.com/GeoPyTool/GeoPyTool).Users with Python experience can join in the development team and build more complex functions expanding the capabilities of GeoPyTool.     

Developing a Geological Management Information System： National Important Mining Zone Database

INTRODUCTIONGeographic information systems (GIS) is a newtechnology of storing and processing spatial informa-tion , which can combine graphics with many types ofdatabase .It can also exhibit accurate and real spaceinformation with charts and texts according to actualneed ,and canintegrate geographic locations and cor-related data attributes as an organic whole .Geoscien-tists have shown GIS to be a very useful tool in theanalysis of geoscience problems (Zhao et al .,2004 ;Singer ,1993…     

Identifications of products of geographical origin based on geochemical zoning

The protection system of products of geographical origin has become one hot subject with which various countries throughout the world are concerned. Results of element-Pb isotope geochemical mapping indicate that there emerge a number of famous-brand high-quality product groups of geographical origin in China. The environment of production of China’s famous-brand white spirits of geographical origin at the Sichuan-Guizhou border is still a mystery to be solved. China has two main communities of white spirits of geographical origin, i.e., the most famous are Moutai and Wuliangye spirits. By element-Pb isotope geochemical tracing, we can establish the natural background geological, geographical and geochemical scientific data mark ers in close relation with source areas. Research on the product of geographical origin, named Kaempferia galangal L. in the Shuangjiao district, Yangchun, Guangdong Province, showed that the trace elements have an excellent heritance between Kaempferia galangal L. and soil in this area, and the trace elements are highly effective for tracing the origin.     

基于GIS和RDB的勘察数据一体化管理

工程勘察中的原始数据、成果资料中包含着较强的关联关系,有效地利用和表现这些内在关系有利于数据的存储管理和检索使用,因此勘察信息系统不仅要实现数据采集、图件编绘等的计算机辅助化,更要在成果使用管理上发挥计算机技术的优势,以体现勘察成果间的内在联系。在分析及明确了各类资料间固有的联系基础上,建立了基于GIS（地理信息系统）的数据模型和资料生成模式以及基于RDB（关系数据库）技术的勘察资料管理模式。结果证明,基于GIS和RDB的勘察信息系统不仅可以满足基层单位用户的业务需求,而且可以可自动建立成果间的联系,实现勘察数据的一体化管理。     

GIS在非点源污染评价中的应用

应用Visual Basic开发环境及Map Info MapX控件建立了一个非点源污染评价系统,并以浙江省剡江流域为试验区对其非点源BOD年负荷量进行了模拟计算,从系统的结构及运行过程,包括数据的输入、模型参数的提取、结果的可视化等方面分析了GIS在流域非点源污染评价中的应用,研究表明,将GIS技术应用于流域非点源污染评价能够有效地获取模型参数,增加了数据和评价结果的直观性,为流域非点源污染治理提供了一种有效的途径。     

MAPGIS大比例尺数字测图系统的设计

随着城市信息化建设特别是GIS应用的发展，对大比例尺数字图的需求日益增加。以往的测图软件往往着重于制图的需要，很少考虑GIS应用的需求。在MAPGIS平台的基础上，根据系统性、兼容性、扩展性和开发性等原则，详细探讨了大比例尺数字测图系统的整体结构、数据组织、工作流程，设计了一个完整的数字测图系统。该系统具有野外数据采集、输入、处理、联接成图、编辑与修改及绘图等淡啤酒，在输入地物图形的同时，可以输入图形属性信息，输出符合国家标准图式的图形，并自动生成和维护拓扑关系。输出成果数据可以直接进入GIS系统，进行分析处理。     

Digital national land information

The digital land data maintained in the Geographic Survey Institute are listed in Tab 1. They are computerized for the digital national land information to establish a geographical data bank of land information.The digital national land information contains many kinds of land data, which have been maintained mainly as maps, aerial photos and statistics, and is stored as magnetic tape.The smallest geographical unit is either the standard mesh, geodetic coordinate or dots, according to accuracy of the original data.The digital national land information can be used in the various fields of geographical researches and in national or local land planning.In this paper, as an example of application, the housing land selection method is introduced, using the natural land data and the land use data.     

基于GIS的三峡工程万州库区滑坡灾害信息系统

三峡工程万州库区滑坡灾害监测系统已经平稳运行5年时间,并获取了大量的观测数据,如何处理分析这些数据已成为一个重要问题。作者在综合分析各种监测数据特征的基础上,开发了滑坡灾害信息系统。该信息系统是以MapInfo为依托平台,以可视化编程语言VISUAL C++为开发工具,采用地图集成开发模式完成的。本文首先介绍了系统的研制目标和开发环境,以及地图数据和观测数据的组织和构成;而后介绍了系统的体系结构和主要功能;最后,作者介绍了系统开发中所运用到的地图集成及信息回调等关键技术和方法。该信息系统已经成为管理和处理各种类型的监测数据的强大的工具,并在相关部门获得了成功的应用。实践也证明地图集成开发是一种较为有效的GIS应用的开发模式。     

3S——应用领域十分广泛的高新技术

遥感（ＲＳ）、地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）和全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）统简３Ｓ，是近年来发展迅猛、应用广泛的高新技术。本文介绍了应用遥感技术对黄土高原信息系统的研究工作。阐述了支持区域规划与辅助决策的智能地理信息系统的数据模型和物理数据结构的设计与实现。说明了将ＧＰＳ与ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ组成的信息系统相结合，提高系统性能的方法     

基于GIS技术实现地学信息数字化

GIS是一项借助于计算机实现的高新技术,是实现管理和研究空间数据的技术系统.围绕着这项技术的研究、开发和应用形成了一门交叉性、边缘性的学科.GIS是一个包含了计算机软件、硬件、地理数据和专业人员的系统,GIS是数字地球的关键技术和核心组成部分.它是采集、储存、管理、分析、描述、显示、应用空间和地理分布有关数据的信息系统,是数据分析、融合与整合技术,已广泛运用于地学领域,并获得巨大成功.     

开发利用地理信息系统(GIS)综合分析地学信息进行矿产预测

众所周知,矿产资源预测是综合地学信息,进行优选靶区的有效手段之一。随着地学工作的深入和勘探技术的发展,已获取了大量的多源地学信息,如地质、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等资料。怎样从这众多的资料中提取有用信息进行综合分析,达到矿产资源预测的目的,一直是地学界探索的课题。过去,应用人工的方法来进行此项工作,不但费力、投资大,而且难以达到预期的效果,方法技术也不利于推广。如今,高速、高质量的计算机已趋于普及,使应用计算机技术高效地处理堆积如山的资料成为可能,尤其是近些年发展起来的地理信息系统(GIS),为综合处理地学资料的矿产资源预测的方法技术,开拓了广阔的前景。地理信息系统是一种计算机系统的应用软件,它集数据库管理和图像分析技术为一体,以空间数据迭加分析为重要特征。地学工作者进行矿产资源预测时,通常是从多源地学资料中提取有用信息,再应用专家知识,结合数学方法,如逻辑运算、贝叶斯(Bayes)规则等,建立预测模型,以模型的推理网格为线索,利用地理信息系统有效的空间分析手段,把各种证据图层综合迭加,最终产生以概率为指标的矿产资源预测图,高概率指示有利的矿产资源远景区,可作为勘探者和决策者进行勘查规划的依据。     

MapInfo和Surfer联合二次开发 在区域重力信息系统中的应用

探讨了MapInfo与Surfer便捷的数据管理与绘制等值线功能在区域重力数据库管理系统中的应用,介绍了将二者联合开发构架及区域重力数据库管理系统的实现过程。通过二者联合的二次开发,发挥其各自的优势,为区域重力数据的管理、整理、处理以及图形编辑和输出功能的实现提供了软件技术基础。实际开发与系统运行表明,这项技术是一种实现普通区域物探数据管理和处理软件系统的简便方法。     

玉林市岩溶塌陷地理信息系统

GIS技术的发展为地质灾害的资料管理、危险性评价及对策研究等提供了有力的支持工具。玉林市岩溶塌陷地理信息系统是以GIS软件—MapInfo为平台，针对岩溶塌陷的特点，用VB语言进行二次开发的集数据管理、分析统计、输出为一体的综合系统。系统中录入了建国以来，玉林市发生的71次岩溶塌陷灾害事件，共414个塌陷坑的详细资料，及30多个与岩溶塌陷有关的其它专题信息。分别归类为岩溶塌陷信息、市政信息、勘探信息、水文气象信息、玉(林)柴(油厂)塌陷子系统等。此外，系统提供了信息查询、制作专题图、统计分析等功能，方便、快捷地为地质灾害管理、城市规划、勘察设计等部门提供服务。