不确定方向关系的模糊描述模型

构建了参考目标、源目标和方向关系参考框架不确定性的不确定方向关系模糊描述模型,实例验证了该模型对空间方向关系的描述符合人类对不确定方向关系的表达习惯和认知逻辑.     

八方向模糊不均匀划分及参考点位误差所致不确定性分析

方向概念的模糊性和空间数据固有的不确定性导致了方向关系的复杂性,在空间关系描述和推理研究中需要考虑空间数据的不确定性和方向概念的模糊性。在四方向模型中各方向片是等角划分;在八方向模型中4个主要方向片各占60°,4个次要方向片各占30°。利用区间二型模糊集理论建立了顾及参考点点位误差的八方向模糊不均匀划分模型,基于区间二型模糊集讨论了方向主隶属度成员函数和隶属度的不确定性。对比分析了八方向模糊不均匀划分模型与锥形模型的区别,讨论了具有点位误差的参考点与线和多边形的方向关系计算过程,通过两个实例分析了该模型的特点和点与多边形方向关系的确定方法。     

矢量GIS空间方向关系的演算模型

空间方向关系是描述空间目标间位置分布的一类基本空间约束，在GIS中是由形式化模型描述的。但现有模型由于简化假设过多，其描述分辨率较低。以点／点空间方向关系的计算量为基础，在综合考虑空间目标的几何构成和分布关系后，提出了定量化演算空间方向关系的一种新模型。利用该模型的结果，根据定量表达与定性描述之间的转换函数，可以得到相应的定性描述结果。理论分析和算例表明，新模型对目标间距离和目标本身的形状等影响方向关系的参数更为敏感，因而比现有模型有更高的描述分辨率。     

空间方向关系粗糙推理

针对现有的空间方向关系表达模型不能捕获其所固有的不精确性和模糊性这一缺点，把粗糙集理论和方法引入方向关系的表达，提出了方向关系粗糙表达方法、变精度粗糙表达方法以及方向关系的粗糙推理方法，以加强对不精确性和模糊性的处理和分析能力，并能够把模糊对象和精确对象之间的方向关系统一到一个框架中来描述。     

利用灰集进行空间区域拓扑关系不确定性定量分析

针对不确定性空间区域对象间拓扑关系不确定性的定量分析问题,提出了一种具有双隶属度函数的灰集表示模型,利用双隶属度函数的截集将不确定性空间区域对象转化为确定性区域对,借用相关的不确定性空间拓扑关系定性分析模型,将不确定性空间对象间拓扑关系的不确定性量化为一个可信度区间。     

一般性问题

CH20040318 空间方向关系粗糙推理/杜世宏,王桥,魏斌,申文明(中国科学院遥感应用研究所)∥测绘学报.- 2003,32(4).-336～338 针对现有的空间方向关系表达模型不能捕获其所固有的不精确性和模糊性这一缺点,把粗糙集理论和方法引入方向关系的表达,提出了方向关系粗糙表达方法、变精度粗糙表达方法以及方向关系的粗糙推理方法,以加强对不精确性和模糊性的处理和分析能力,并能够把模糊对象和精确对象之间的方向关系统一到一个框架中来描述。图6参6     

基于点集拓扑学的三维拓扑空间关系形式化描述

本文阐明了研究空间关系理论的必要性，分析了拓扑空间关系描述方法的研究进展及存在问题，以点集拓扑理论为基础，运用维数扩展的方法，提出三维拓扑空间关系完善和形式化的描述框架，在此基础上，对三维空间目标中存在着的拓扑空间关系进行了分类，定义了五种基本的拓扑空间关系，并且给出了三维拓扑空间关系最小集的互斥性与完备性证明。     

群组目标空间方向关系形式化描述模型

针对目前群组目标空间方向关系模型在描述方向关系方面存在的不精确及复杂性等问题,该文提出一种形式化描述模型。该模型采用"剥皮"法计算得到源目标群的边界多边形,较好地顾及了空间形状及分布范围对方向关系的影响;并通过方向关系矩阵模型计算源目标群的边界多边形与各方向区域之间的交,借助矩阵形式化描述源目标群相对于参考目标群的空间方向关系。实验结果表明,该模型较好地克服了现有方法中存在的缺陷,能够准确判断地理空间中两个群组目标之间的空间方向关系。     

拓扑和方向空间关系组合描述及其相互约束

提出了一种拓扑关系和方向关系组合描述框架,在统一的框架下研究拓扑和方向关系。采用9交模型描述拓扑关系,方向关系矩阵模型表达方向关系,并给出了有意义的方向片组合,将两者统一到一个框架下进行描述。在统一描述框架下,拓扑关系与方向关系相互约束。阐述了7个定理及其证明,描述了拓扑关系与方向关系之间的相互约束,实现拓扑关系和方向关系有效性的相互检测。拓扑关系和方向关系组合描述能够提高空间关系描述的准确性和有效性。     

面状群(组)目标空间方向关系的形式化描述与计算

通过对各种空间方向关系形式化描述模型进行分析阐述,针对面状群(组)目标间方向关系的特点,本文提出了利用方向Voronoi图模型来计算面状群(组)目标之间的空间方向关系.该模型通过计算获得各个主方向上Voronoi边的长度值与方向Voronoi边法线总长度值的百分比,得到群(组)目标之间方向关系的定量表达;借助矩阵形式化描述获得源目标群相对于参考目标群方向关系的定性描述.实验表明,该模型方案具有可行性,能够对面状群(组)目标间的方向关系进行精确的描述.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。