四叉树与多种活动轮廓模型相结合的遥感影像水边线提取方法

通过对测地线活动轮廓(GAC)模型、Chan-Vese(CV)模型、局部二值拟合(LBF)模型的分析,将基于边缘和区域的活动轮廓模型以及基于四叉树的影像分割方法有机结合,提出了一种基于四叉树和多种活动轮廓模型的水边线提取方法。该方法首先对影像进行四叉树分割,为模型演化提供初始轮廓;然后利用CV模型的全局区域图像统计信息和LBF模型的局部区域图像统计信息构造新的符号压力函数,利用改进的符号压力函数代替GAC模型的边界停止函数,有效地改善了GAC模型提前停止演化和过度演化的问题;最后采用二值选择和高斯滤波正则化水平集方法(SBGFRLS)进行演化,避免了重新初始化和规则化,提高了水平集演化的效率。试验结果表明该方法对于包括弱边缘和严重凹陷边缘的水边线提取效果均良好,具有亚像素提取精度,并且提取速度快、稳定性好。     

一种四叉树和测地线活动轮廓模型相结合的海陆影像分割方法

海陆影像分割对于后续的海岸线提取、潮间带地形反演、海岸演化状况分析等都具有十分重要的意义。本文在分析了四叉树、测地线活动轮廓(GAC)模型和Canny边缘检测算子等在海陆影像分割中优缺点的基础上,提出了一种四叉树、Canny算子和GAC模型相结合的海陆影像分割方法。该方法综合利用上述各方法的优点,将Canny算子边缘检测结果融入到基于四叉树初分割的GAC模型中,重构边界停止函数,演化水平集方程,实现海陆影像分割。试验结果表明,该方法具有海陆影像分割速度快、精度高、可靠性强和自动化程度高等优点,对于弱边缘以及严重凹陷边缘,都能实现自动和准确分割。     

影像辅助下LiDAR数据建筑物轮廓信息提取

针对复杂场景中提取的建筑物外轮廓锯齿状变形及精度不高等问题,提出了一种新的轮廓信息提取方法。在综合利用LiDAR数据及影像特征的基础上,建立轮廓线提取候选区,计算候选点的方向、梯度及高边点信息,引入基于活动轮廓的图割算法(graph cuts based active contour model,GCBAC)构建并解算轮廓线能量函数,实现建筑物轮廓信息的精确提取。通过3个具体实例证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

从机载激光雷达点云提取建筑物屋顶边界的活动轮廓模型改进方法

本文基于边缘与局部信息提出了一种处理多波段图像的活动轮廓模型,并将其应用于LiDAR数据的建筑物边界提取。本文首先将分类得到的屋顶点云数据转换为栅格数据,并作为模型的输入图像,进而采用变分水平集方法解求模型能量函数的最小解,得到建筑物的边界。该模型消除了其他活动轮廓模型对初始曲线和所处理图像类型的限制,适于任意形状的建筑物边界的自动提取;水平集规则项的添加,减小了模型的计算时间。实验结果表明：与IAC模型、GACcolor模型相比,本文模型在建筑物边界提取的应用中可以达到更高的匹配度、形状相似度以及位置精度。     

LiDAR辅助下利用超高分辨率影像提取建筑物轮廓方法

以精确自动提取建筑物轮廓为目标,提出一种LiDAR辅助下利用超高分辨率影像进行轮廓提取的新方法.其要点分为4步:① 预处理,检测LiDAR中建筑物点并分割成每栋建筑物的点集;② 建立轮廓提取区,针对每栋建筑物做缓冲区和外接矩形,通过缓冲区过滤和外接矩形切割,建立轮廓提取感兴趣区域;③ 线段提取,借助LiDAR估算出建筑物概略主方向,并在该方向的约束下,自动、鲁棒地检测出建筑物的主方向和建筑物的线段;④ 轮廓筛选,基于LiDAR密度分析与Kmeans聚类动态筛选出精确轮廓.本方法所提取的建筑物轮廓定位精确、细节完好,轮廓提取准确率91%.     

LiDAR数据与航空影像结合的建筑物重建

探讨了结合航空影像的LiDAR数据简单建筑物重建算法,以建筑物边界、屋顶面片的自动提取及面片邻域关系的建立,重建了简单直角建筑物模型,并利用航空影像进行了精确定位。     

建筑物LiDAR点云的屋顶边界提取

提出了一种建筑物LiDAR点云的屋顶边界提取方法.首先构建了离散的建筑物屋顶LiDAR点的TIN模型,在TIN模型中根据点的空间几何关系,过滤整个三角网的边界线,从而过滤出初始边界点.在初始边界点构成的边界中,过滤出边界斜率变化显著的点作为拐点.利用所有的屋顶LiDAR点将拐点扩展,得到边界的扩展点,由扩展点构成的屋顶边界为最终提取的建筑物屋顶边界.     

结合LiDAR与遥感影像的水域边界提取方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像提取水域边界不准确、不完整的问题,提出了高分辨率遥感影像结合机载LiDAR点云数据提取水域边界的新方法。首先将配准后的LiDAR点云数据网格化,生成DSM影像,然后运用数学形态学分析获取水体的初始边界信息,最后基于活动轮廓模型的图割算法对构建的边界缓冲区进行优化分割,从而获取精确的水域边界。实验结果表明,该方法能够去除部分水域干扰噪声且能够得到比较精确的边界信息,具有较好的视觉效果和较高的工程应用价值。     

一种侧视地图建筑物轮廓线自动提取方法

以WebGIS技术和移动GIS技术为基础的侧视地图服务逐渐成为GIS行业的主流,高效直观侧视地图在"互联网+"时代的应用日益普及。针对目前提取侧视地图建筑物轮廓人工交互效率低下和轮廓精度差等问题,提出一种任意视角侧视地图建筑物轮廓线的自动提取方法。在顾及建筑物之间存在遮挡的情况,利用颜色缓冲区和深度缓冲区进行渲染,解决建筑物之间的遮挡,获取单个建筑模型,同时采用形态学算子对获取的单个模型轮廓进行处理,再基于提出的改进测地轮廓线模型(GAC)追踪和拟合建筑模型轮廓线,得到建筑物轮廓线;最后,以武汉市三维模型数据为例,证明本文方法可行性和有效性。     

LiDAR点云与影像相结合的建筑物轮廓信息提取

分析机载LiDAR点云与影像数据特点,提出了一种建筑物点云与配准后影像相结合的建筑物轮廓信息提取方法。首先,采用α-shapes算法从点云中提取粗糙的建筑物轮廓多边形;然后,采用基于线支撑区域的直线段提取算法从影像中提取边缘信息,并利用投票机制,以点到直线的距离为因子,从中过滤出真实的建筑物边界;最后,提出一种建筑物轮廓精化的新方法,利用从影像中提取的边缘信息修正从点云中提取的粗糙轮廓,并对修正后的轮廓采用道格拉斯-普克算法去除冗余节点,采用强制相交方法恢复建筑物转角,最终得到了准确的建筑物外轮廓多边形,并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。