基于视知觉金字塔模型的专题地图视觉层次设计

专题地图往往需要表达制图专题的空间分布特征、数量特征、时间变化特征等多层次的内容,故清晰的视觉层次对专题地图的信息表达至关重要.将视知觉金字塔模型和视觉选择性原理与专题地图的内容层次和图面表达视觉层次进行耦合,建立了"内容层次设计-视觉注意-视觉变量设计"的理论框架.在此基础上,以《深圳市历史风貌区和历史建筑》专题地图为实践案例,对内容、版式、符号、图表的视觉层次进行设计,总结构建专题地图视觉层次的设计理念和方法,以期为其他专题地图的视觉层次设计提供参考.     

多模态时空数据多层次可视化任务模型

针对现有时空数据可视化方法主要面向单一的低层次展示性可视化任务,难以满足多模态时空数据多层次多样化可视化任务高并发的难题,从展示、分析和探索3个层次构建了面向多模态时空数据自适应可视化的多层次可视化任务模型。重点剖析了不同任务的时空信息需求及其可视化表达驱动力,刻画了任务需求与存算绘资源之间的依赖关系,设计了任务感知的多模态时空数据自适应可视化引擎。以微观精细化管理与宏观综合决策协同的智能设施管理为例进行了试验分析,证明该模型能够有效满足多层次可视分析应用需求,为数字城市和智慧社会等重大工程建设提供了有力的技术方法支撑。     

地理空间元数据可视化设计及关键技术研究

依据信息可视化技术的特点,研究地理空间元数据单要素和多要素可视化方法;构建地理空间元数据可视化的设计流程和逻辑模型,分析影响可视化设计的主要因素及可视化技术的应用条件,并设计两个方面的交互方式;研究可视化实现的关键技术,包括数据的多层次组织和显示,基于空间特征的关联属性获取以及元数据的可视化映射。通过原型系统的实验,证明可视化模式的有效性。     

专题地图量化信息图形可视化数学基础分类体系研究

专题地图是由地理基础和专题内容两部分构成 ,专题内容按其表达方式和内涵可分为空间分布信息与量化信息两大类。量化信息是指侧重于反映地理事象属性特征的数量化的信息 ,以社会经济等统计信息为主。专题地图量化信息图形可视化 ,即量化地图 ,是传递数量信息的有效方式 ,是用空间定位的图解方式显示地理事象的数量特征与量变过程 ,从而揭示地理事象的发展状况、过程和规律 ,是传递信息的重要方式。量化地图是专题地图的一个重要组成部分 ,是传统统计地图的拓展与更新 ,它日益成为经济建设、管理决策和地学研究中不可缺少的有力工具。因此 ,…     

基于河长制的黄河流域水环境地图可视化

黄河流域的生态保护和高质量发展在2019年上升为国家重大战略。以黄河流域为研究区域,以河长制的工作内容为导向,全面研讨区域内水污染空间分布规律、动态变化规律及其与社会经济的相关性。依据专题地图理论,探讨以专题地图方式进行可视化表达的方法,建设性地提出了从数据处理分析到制图可视化的研究思路,并设计绘制了黄河流域水环境专题地图。     

面向实际车道的3维道路网络模型

亚洲国家,特别是中国的城市发展,立交桥、摩天大楼等日益复杂。传统基于道路中心线的道路网络模型在几何、时空语义属性、拓扑关系表达等方面都难以满足立体化交通需求。本文引入物理车道、虚拟车道和车道带概念,提出面向实际车道的多层次3维道路网络模型,重点分析该模型的数据库实现方法和实际车道拓扑构建、离散化、面向实际车道的寻径导航等关键问题。试验总结了该模型的若干明显特点如路网的多层次表达、灵活准确的车道拓扑控制等。     

专题地图表示方法在地理国情监测信息制图中的综合运用

以《陕西省地理省情监测系列图》为例,总结专题地图表示方法在地理国情监测信息制图中的综合运用,尤其是把专题地图表示方法扩展到动态信息的制图表达中。通过对地理国情监测信息的制图表达,尤其是将动态信息的制图表达方法用于空间可视化,以及以地图形式直观地展示地理国情监测成果,探索地理国情监测要素的统计图形设计,为地理国情监测信息制图表达的标准化和规范化奠定基础。     

面向多层建筑的室内外一体化路径规划算法

提出了一种室内导航专题地图模型,用于解决室内地图建模、室内多楼层拓扑构建等问题,并提出一整套工艺流程,用于该专题地图模型的规范化、自动化生产。同时,设计了一种室内外一体化的导航算法,基于该导航专题地图模型构建的拓扑数据,采用Dijstral算法实现最短路径规划,并通过将出入口作为节点对室内外进行划分和衔接,实现室内外路径规划结果的无缝衔接。最后,为了验证该专题地图模型与导航算法的有效性,编写了一款APP,对该地图模型数据进行可视化,采用建模输出的多楼层拓扑导航数据和提出的导航算法,进行室内外一体化导航算法有效性验证。     

面向拓扑的地理空间数据模型

本文在分析了目前常见空间数据模型的基础上,提出了一种面向拓扑的地理空间数据数据模型.该模型将实体的几何信息和拓扑信息紧密联系在一起,具有较强的空间表现力,能支持GIS数据和制图数据的一体化生产,并能够实现空间数据的几何、属性和拓扑关系一致性的实时维护.实践表明,该模型能有效地提高空间数据生产的质量和效率.     

专题地图的结构符号与动态符号设计

以教育类专题地图为例,从专题地图符号的内容表达和形式设计两方面入手,分别进行了结构符号、动态符号以及动态结构符号的设计研究.以此来深入表达专题地理信息的特有属性,揭示专题地理信息空间布局和空间位置关系的现状、探讨专题地理信息的发展变化、分析专题地理信息内部结构以及与其他事物之间的关系.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。