高岭石基矿物聚合物的制备及耐酸碱性

以高岭土、水玻璃和NaOH为原料,在常压和一定温度下,快速合成矿物聚合物。研究原料配比、固化温度、养护温度和养护时间对矿物聚合物早期抗压强度的发展及矿物聚合物耐HCl、H2SO4和NaOH的腐蚀性。通过2个正交实验得出矿物聚合物的最佳合成条件为:高岭土600℃煅烧4h,m(MK)∶m(水玻璃)∶m(NaOH)=7∶4.5∶1,60℃固化,60℃养护1h,矿物聚合物早期抗压强度可达85MPa。矿物聚合物耐HCl腐蚀性强,耐H2SO4腐蚀性稍差,NaOH能促进矿物聚合物的早期抗压强度发展。     

利用膨胀珍珠岩制备外墙保温板的实验

以我国河南信阳膨胀珍珠岩为主要轻质骨料,分别采用以碱激发沸石为胶凝材料并通过养护和以碱激发凝灰岩、沸石及硅藻土的混合料为胶凝材料,并通过烧结两种方法制备膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板。在第一种制备方法中,研究了水玻璃模数、膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料、养护制度和成型压力对膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板性能的影响;在第二种制备方法中,研究了膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料、成型压力、烧结温度和时间、膨胀珍珠岩的粒级配比对膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板性能的影响。结果表明,第一种制备方法的优化条件为:水玻璃模数=1.0、膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料=1.50~1.75、养护温度=80℃、养护时间=24 h、成型压力=0.375 MPa,此条件下制备的膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的性能为:体积密度=286 kg/m3、抗压强度=0.49 MPa、抗折强度=0.25N/mm2、导热系数=0.073 W/(m·℃)。达到了GB/T 10303-2001 350号并且接近250号合格品的各项指标。第二种制备方法的优化条件为:膨胀珍珠岩/胶凝材料=1.613、压缩比=2、烧结温度=600℃、保温时间=0.5h、1.25~2.5 mm膨胀珍珠岩:0.50~1.25 mm膨胀珍珠岩=7.5:2.5。此条件下制备的膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的性能为:密度=236 kg/m3,导热系数=0.068 W/(m·℃),抗压强度=0.61 MPa。达到了GB/T 10303-2001 250号优级品的各项指标。以有机硅为防水剂,采用浸泡法进行了膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的防水实验。当样品浸入浓度为1/60的防水剂溶液中10 min,膨胀珍珠岩外墙保温板的吸水率最小,质量吸水率为17.13%,体积吸水率为4.28%。     

湖泊底泥改性固化的强度特性和微观结构

将灰渣胶凝材料作为改性剂应用于湖泊环境疏浚底泥的固化处理,研究了改性淤泥的强度特性,探讨灰渣胶凝材料对淤泥的改性机理。改性淤泥的抗压强度试验结果表明,当灰渣胶凝材料质量掺入比为5 %时,能够显著提高改性淤泥的各个龄期强度;当掺入质量比为12.5 %时,28天强度可以达到1.55 MPa。改性淤泥的早期强度较高,后期强度能持续增长,同时具有良好的耐水浸泡性能。SEM分析表明,灰渣胶凝材料能与底泥颗粒中的活性物质发生火山灰反应,形成高强难溶的胶结物,使改性淤泥中大孔隙数量减少,改善了淤泥土颗粒之间的胶结性能。这说明灰渣胶凝材料是一种性能优异的底泥改性材料。     

二连盆地白音查干凹陷和乌里雅斯太凹陷岩石热导率测试与分析

岩石热导率是地热理论和应用研究中十分重要的参数,对于地热资源评估、大地热流分析、深部热状态及岩石圈热结构等相关研究提供了基础数据支撑。本文从二连盆地白音查干凹陷和乌利亚斯太凹陷采集了98块基本覆盖白垩系各地层的钻井岩芯样品,在实验室条件下对它们进行了岩石热导率测试,并收集了前人对31个样品的测试结果,进而结合孔隙度、钻孔实测温度和深度数据,对实验室条件下的测试数据进行了饱水校正和温压校正。测试样品包括泥岩、砂岩、砾岩、片岩和玄武岩,孔隙度在2%~20%之间,采样深度在117.8~3159.5m范围内,对应的温度和压力范围分别为13.5~118.6℃、2.89~77.41MPa。实测结果表明5种不同岩性岩石样品的热导率变化范围为0.89~4.91W/(m·K)。经过饱水和温压校正后,泥岩、砂岩、砾岩、页岩和玄武岩的平均热导率分别为2.08±0.36W/(m·K)、2.28±0.50W/(m·K)、2.53±0.44W/(m·K)、4.16±0.76W/(m·K)、1.33±0.09W/(m·K)。5种岩性中片岩平均热导率值最大,玄武岩平均热导率值最小,沉积岩介于两者之间,总体上具有随深度增大而增加的趋势。饱水、温度和压力校正后的热导率比干样热导率高。结合研究区内各个地层砂岩和泥岩所占比计算得到白音查干凹陷和乌里雅斯太凹陷白垩系地层热导率分别为2.00W/(m·K)和2.17W/(m·K)。结合钻孔测温数据,计算得到二连盆地大地热流值介于74~85mW/m^2,明显高于中国大陆地区平均热流值61.5mW/m^2。本文的研究成果对二连盆地以及华北北缘的地热资源,深部热状态和岩石圈结构都有意义。     

丙烯酰胺聚合固化盐渍土试验研究

滨海盐渍土中易溶盐遇水溶解,引起强度明显下降,变形增大,严重影响其作为生土材料的工程性能。利用丙烯酰胺（AM）原位聚合对盐渍土进行改良,探讨固化条件对其力学性能与耐水性能的影响。试验结果表明,当加热温度为70 ℃、加热时间为6 h,AM单体用量为盐渍土用量的3%,引发剂用量为AM用量的3%,且不加入交联剂时,用量较为经济且具有较高的抗压和抗折强度,在龄期为7、14、28 d时,其抗折强度分别可达到2.265、3.603、5.255 MPa;抗压强度分别达到5.6、13.7、16.2 MPa;与28 d龄期的原试样进行对比,AM聚合固化后试样的抗折强度和抗压强度分别提高了4～5倍,相比传统砌体砂浆材料强度大幅提高,加固后试样的耐水性能和收缩率也都得到明显的改善。利用电镜扫描（SEM）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）对其微观机制变化进行了初步探讨,发现改良后土样孔隙含量大大减小,且其矿物结构并未发生变化,可视为一种新型环保生土建筑材料应用于工程建设中。     

氧化铁黄衍生Fe_2O_3/Al_2O_3复合颜料的制备及其耐热性能

本文采用沉淀法合成氢氧化铝包覆氧化铁黄前驱体,再通过煅烧的方式合成耐热型氧化铁红颜料,利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM等手段表征了复合颜料的结构,探讨前驱体反应pH值对材料结构以及耐热性能的影响。XRD和FT-IR测试结果表明:煅烧温度为400℃、600℃和800℃时,煅烧后样品包覆层为γ-Al_2O_3或无定型氧化铝;当煅烧温度提高至1100℃时,pH4/Al、pH8/Al包覆层分别为α-Al_2O_3和θ-Al_2O_3。而pH6/Al、pH10/Al时为两种晶型的混合物。SEM测试表明,包覆提升了Fe2O3/Al_2O_3复合颜料的耐烧结性能。耐热性能测试表明,包覆后氧化铁红颜料耐热性能有较大提升,特别在pH=6时经过1100℃的高温煅烧后相对于其在800℃煅烧产物的色差ΔE为0.84,显示出了良好的耐热性能。     

NaF对高铝粉煤灰合成刚玉-莫来石材料的影响

采用XRD、SEM手段研究了NaF添加量和烧结温度对高铝粉煤灰合成刚玉-莫来石材料的性能、晶体结构和显微形态的影响。实验结果表明,NaF可以有效降低合成刚玉-莫来石材料的烧结温度,在1200℃、NaF添加量为2%时,生成的莫来石颗粒较细小,且均匀分布在玻璃相中,材料的综合性能良好,体积密度为3.08g/cm3,抗折强度为62.11 MPa,莫来石与刚玉的含量比约为2∶1;当NaF添加至4%时,莫来石发育为长柱状,长径比约6~10,并且相互交错成网状,但其含量减少,材料强度降低;NaF添加至8%时,莫来石相消失,材料主晶相为刚玉,同时生成较多的玉米状呈十字交叉形的钠长石晶簇。     

利用金矿尾砂制备矿物聚合材料的实验研究

利用北京平谷金矿尾砂、变高岭石、NaOH、KOH和水玻璃制备了矿物聚合材料 ,正交实验结果表明 35℃时的优化条件为尾砂含量 80 %～ 82 5 %、固 /液比 4 3～ 4 7、水 /碱比为4～ 5 (均为质量比 ) ,升高温度、延长固化时间及室温放置时间均会使矿物聚合材料的抗压强度显著提高。将金矿尾砂制备成矿物聚合材料 ,可使部分CN-转化成无害的CO2 -3 和H2 ,其他则以夹持 (物理 )方式固定下来 ;当存在Fe2 +或Fe3+离子时 ,CN-以氰化铁的化学方式固定下来。该矿物聚合材料在 1mol/L的HCl溶液中浸泡 30d ,质量损失 5 6 % ,结构完好 ,表现出良好的抗酸性。在 6 0℃下固化 2 4h ,室温放置 6d后抗压强度为 2 2MPa ;在 6 0℃下固化72h ,抗压强度为 36 6MPa。该研究为金矿尾砂的利用提供了一条新途径。     

耐高温（230 ℃）饱和盐水钻井液技术研究

我国未来深部大陆科学钻探计划深度为13000 m,温度梯度按3．0℃/100 m计算,井底温度将达到390℃以上,钻井液将面临超高温高压环境,钻井液技术将面临严峻考验。为此,开展了超高温钻井液的预研究,利用抗盐粘土、抗高温降滤失剂、抗高温解絮凝剂、抗高温保护剂等,研制了可用于230℃高温环境的饱和盐水钻井液配方。室内评价试验表明,用该配方配制的耐高温钻井液经230℃、16 h高温滚动老化后,具有良好的流动性能,高温高压失水量（210℃、3．45 MPa）＜35 mL/30 min。     

金矿尾砂矿物聚合材料的制备及其影响因素

通过利用金矿尾砂制备矿物聚合材料，系统地讨论了不同条件下材料抗压强度变化趋势。所用原料配比为80％金矿尾砂、20％变高岭石、固／液质量比为4．7及水/碱质量比为5，采用半干压法成型，在某一温度下固化一定时间，测定材料的力学强度。实验结果为固化温度从60℃升高到80℃、成型压力从8MPa、16MPa加大到24MPa及固化时间从24h延长到72h都会使材料的抗压强度提高；室温放置时间3、7、14、28d，抗压强度呈增高趋势；外加碱激发剂KOH比Na0H所形成的材料抗压强度高，当碱(Na20或Na20 K20)／SiO2摩尔比为1时，材料的强度达到最大值；钾长石含量较多的骨料比石英骨料及含钾长石较少的骨料材料抗压强度高。实验结果表明，温度升高、成型压力加大和固化时间延长均促进了聚合反应的发生。材料在室温下由于不断从空气中获得水分而使聚合反应不断发生。碱激发剂中K^ 比Na^ 更易使聚合作用进行。含料中高度聚合的钾可被释放出来参与聚合反应。骨料在矿物聚合反应过程中主要以惰性填充方式存在，但仍然参与了聚合反应。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of