深基坑井点降水设计与施工

基抗井点降水的应用，有效地降低了地下水位，疏干了场区内地下水，较好地解决了深基抗开挖和基础施工中的具体困难。作根据工作实践，就降水方案选择、井点降水设计与施工等问题，阐述了做法和体会。     

管井与轻型井点复合降水方式的设计与施工

管井与轻型井点相结合组成复合式基坑降水，综合了两种降水方式各自的优点，在满足基坑降深的前提下，既能迅速疏干基坑内的滞水，又消除了因滞留水沿基坑槽壁渗流造成边坡失稳的缺陷，保证了基坑边坡的稳定。介绍了管井与轻型井点复合降水方式的设计与施工方法及在工程中的具体应用实例。     

台风活动对中国沿海地区极端降水的影响

基于1961—2020年格点化数据集逐日降水资料及中国气象局台风最佳路径数据集,计算台风降水对中国沿海地区极端降水事件的贡献率;利用混合和单一元统计极值分布模型量化台风对降水极值概率分布的影响,探究其量化结果的影响因素,并通过典型流域进行流域尺度的应用验证。结果表明：从台风降水的贡献来看,台风降水主要影响中国沿海及部分临近沿海的内陆地区的高重现期极端降水事件;在量化台风影响方面,利用考虑台风降水分布的混合元统计极值分布模型可提高研究区大部分地区降水极值概率的估计,并且沿海地区台风降水的影响大于内陆地区,北方沿海地区的影响大于南方各分区;台风极端降水贡献率、台风与非台风降水差异是台风影响中国沿海地区降水极值概率分布的重要因素。     

应用深井真空降水法疏干地下水

一、前言井点降水法是控制地下水的一种有效方法,它是用井点系统抽汲地下水,把施工范围内的地下水位降低到设计深度,对位于天然地下水位以下的地基和基础工程可以起到消除流砂现象、稳定基坑边坡;防止基底隆起和加速土体的排水固结作用,从而有利于地基的处理,为机械化施工创造了干燥施工环境,能减少土方量和缩短工期,提高工程质量和施工安全。目前,井点降水法不仅用于一般的深基础和地下工程中,在地下铁道、大型核电站、船坞、污水处理厂和大型钢铁厂等工程建设中亦广泛使用。因而对井点降水技术提出了井点降     

自渗井点降水在北京王府井大厦基坑工程逆作施工中的应用

降水对逆作法施工尤为重要。逆作法施工中通常采用坑内深井井点降水，而在北京王府井大厦工程中充分利用了场地的水文地质条件，大胆地采用了自渗井点降水，取得了良好的降水效果，经济、社会效益显著。     

基坑工程中管井井点降水的应用实例

本文介绍了管井井点降水的井点布置原则及施工方法,通过对广东佛山某地工程实例分析,重点阐述了在珠江三角洲冲淤积平原一带进行降水施工时,出现问题如何处理,并总结了管井井点降水施工的一些经验和注意的事项。     

真空井点降水试验分析与数值模拟

基于某真空井点降水综合试验,建立了三维地下水流数值模拟模型,将模型模拟预测数据与试验观测数据进行对比,研究真空负压和井点间距对真空井点降水效果的影响,得出了真空井点周围渗流场的变化性状,提出了真空井点周围真空及重力场耦合区、耦合场与重力场过渡区和重力场区3个区的概念。得出了不同负压在不同井点深度条件下对地下水渗流场的影响变化。对比结果表明,建立的真空井点降水模拟分析方法,能够较好的模拟真空井点周围观测井水位与出水量的相关关系;分析方法可用于真空井点降水试验分析,且为真空井点降水设计提供了依据。     

管井井点降水与邻近构筑物附加沉降防止

结合深圳某工程实例，较详细地介绍了管井井点降水的设计与施工，以及降水引起邻近构筑物附加沉降的防止措施与效果。     

轻型井点降水在基坑开挖工程中的应用

结合工程实例，介绍轻型井点降水在数量、周期等方面的计算方法，对软土地层轻型井点降水的设计和施工有一定的借鉴作用。     

井点降水实验在渭河大桥承台施工中的应用

井点降水是一种方便易行的降水方式,在黄河湿地承台施工中较好地解决了基坑开挖基坑涌水、流沙现象的发生。     

加强管理保护沿海地质环境

江苏沿海大陆岸线长９５３．９ｋｍ,海岸带面积约３．５万ｋｍ＾３,滩涂面积５０００ｋｍ＾２,而且每年向外海新增土地两万多亩,还拥有举世瞩目的辐射状海底沙脊群,海平面以上部分就有４００ｋｍ＾２,是江苏省宝贵的后备国土资源。沿海地区是江苏新的经济增长点。改革开放以来,沿海地区经济的发展,加之地表水体的污染逐年严重,对优质地下淡水的开采逐年增加,原有的地质环境受到破坏,出现了地下水位下降,地下淡水资源减少     

美国海岸带自然资源与生态损害评估及修复工作对中国的启示

海岸带是位于海陆结合部的复杂环境系统,是人类活动最集中的地区。中国大陆海岸线约18000km,涉及沿海11个省,由于经济社会高速发展,海岸带地区的人口、资源、环境矛盾日益突出,面临海岸带资源无序开发、水土污染、滨海湿地退化、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等一系列生态环境与灾害地质问题,已成为影响生态文明建设的主要问题之一。因此中国持续加大海岸带生态环境保护力度,并提出实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程、强化湿地保护和修复等政策措施。美国国家海洋和大气管理局主导的海岸带损害评估及修复计划已实施了近30年,并取得了显著效果,其完善的法律制度体系、规范的损害评估和修复程序、数据集成管理和共享应用等成功经验值得学习借鉴。建议加快完善中国海岸带生态环境损害评估与修复的技术方法体系和制度体系、有序开展海岸带自然资源和生态环境调查、加强海岸带及滨海湿地等重要生态系统的演化和修复技术研究与示范,并构建统一的海岸带基础调查数据库、建立海岸带监测预警体系。     

地下水控制性关键水位研究初探

分析和探讨了地下水控制性关键水位的类别划分以及蓝、黄、红区的划分依据和原则,并结合西北、华北和东部沿海地区普遍存在的地下水问题,提出了西北型、华北型和东部沿海型地下水蓝线水位和红线水位等具体分析成果,为加强水资源的量化管理和地下水"水量与水位"综合管理等提供了重要依据.     

用地下水潮汐效应确定潜水含水层水文地质参数

目前对潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和水文地质参数求解方法的研究相对较少.通过对福建古雷半岛滨海潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和海水潮汐动态的观测, 运用Fourier频谱分析方法确定了研究区海水潮汐波动方程(波动特征参数), 并以此作为地下水的边界条件, 推导了潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应的波动方程, 利用最小二乘法以地下水水位波动观测值为目标函数对潜水含水层的渗透系数与重力给水度的比值进行了反演识别, 为类似地区水文地质参数的确定提供了借鉴, 也为该区后续地下水中溶质迁移规律的研究奠定了基础.      

Groundwater recharge dams in arid areas as tools for aquifer replenishment and mitigating seawater intrusion: example of AlKhod, Oman

Groundwater depletion and seawater intrusion constitute major challenges along coastal aquifers in arid areas. This paper assesses the role of groundwater recharge dams constructed to replenish aquifers and fight seawater intrusion with reference to AlKhod dam, Oman, sited 7 km from the coast on a gravely unconfined aquifer. Water table rise in piezometers located downstream from the dam shows regular patterns correlating with magnitude of wadi flow, whereas upstream piezometers show irregular patterns. Controlled release of water captured by the dam optimizes water percolation and enhances artificial recharge which was estimated in the wet years 1997, 2003 and 2005 as 15, 22 and 27 Mm³, respectively, using water table fluctuation method. Recharge contributed 40–60 % of the total annual abstraction. Groundwater salinity increased in the 1980s and 1990s and the saline/freshwater interface advanced inland, but has receded partially after 1997 (highest rainfall) and completely after 2005 indicated by reduction in electrical conductivity and thickening of freshwater lens. The recession is attributed to the dam’s induced recharge and reduction of pumping in 2004 following the commissioning of Barka desalination plant. Integrating artificial recharge with groundwater resources management is therefore an effective measure to replenish aquifers in arid areas and mitigate seawater intrusion along the coasts.     

Subsurface Airflow Induced by Natural Forcings

Subsurface airflow can be induced by natural processes,such as atmospheric or barometric pressure changes, water table fluctuations,topographic effects,and rainfall infiltration．Barometric pressure fluctuations are the most common cause of subsurface airflow,which can be significant under favourable geological conditions．This process has been studied most extensively because of its application to passive soil vapor extraction．Soil airflow induced by water table fluctuations can be significant,particularly where the fluctuations are of high frequency,for example,in tidal-influenced coastal areas．Top-ographic effects can lead to strong subsoil airflow in areas with great elevation differences．Rainfall infiltration usually produces only weak airflow.Air flow induced by these natural processes has important environmental and engineering implications．Among the different processes,airflow induced by tidal fluctuations has been studied the least,although it has exciting applications to coastal engineering projects and environmental remediation．     

固化滨海盐渍土耐久性试验研究

在滨海地区自然环境中,由于滨海盐渍土特殊的工程性质,固化盐渍土作为路基填料的耐久性直接关系到路基的稳定性。通过室内饱水时间模拟试验、干湿循环模拟试验和抗冻性试验,对4种固化盐渍土的水稳性和抗冻性进行了初步研究。试验结果表明,滨海盐渍土经石灰、水泥、SH综合固化处理后,表现出良好的水稳性和抗冻性,可以满足滨海地区公路工程建设的要求。     

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) by the construction of subsurface dams in the semi-arid regions: A case study of the Kalangi river basin, Andhra Pradesh

Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas, due to high population and agricultural activity results in seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. This paper presents the control measures taken to manage aquifer recharge (MAR) and also to overcome the problem of seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer along the Kalangi river, Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India having connectivity with Pulicat (saltwater) lake estuary. Due to overexploitation of groundwater and less rainfall in past years, adjacent seawater has started intruding in the Kalangi river sub-surface and deteriorating groundwater quality up to 11.6 km from the confluence of the river with Pulicat lake. To prevent this situtation, subsurface dams were constructed in traditional manner using local earth material in three different places across the Kalangi river near Sullurpet town. The water storage capacities calculated after the sub-surface dams’ construction are 1.28 mcft at GK Engineering College, 6.23 mcft at Challamagudi and 3.143 mcft at Holy Cross School sites. The Holy Cross School sub-surface dam is the first full scale dam-cum-check dam constructed to prevent salt water intrusion in the Kalangi river at Sullurpet, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. At the Kalangi river estuary portion (at the mouth of sea) a groyne was reconstructed over old groyne site with the introduction of clay bed and wooden sheet piles at down stream. Apart from prevention of sea water entry into Kalangi river sub-surface (during seasons) the groyne top level was raised to prevent mixing of high sea water tides with fresh water and ensuring additional storage of fresh water at upstream side. The reconstructed groyne was serving the purpose of obstructing the surface seawater entry in the Kalangi river and water quality has improved in the river as well as in the wells. After construction of sub-surface dam, as per the Simpson ratio classification, there is substantial improvement of water quality in the SHAR infiltration well situated near the Holy Cross School sub-surface dam.     

轻型井点结合明排降水新工艺

研究了在渗入水和层间滞水作为补给的水文地质条件下的基坑降水方法,设计了轻型井点结合明排降水的施工方案,创新地应用了滤水管间隔增减长度法、横插滤水管集水法的工艺措施.实践表明,这些方法成功地解决了上述条件下基坑降水的难题.     

Gravitational drainage systems in urban areas: case study (Galaţi town, Romania)

The water leakage in the urban areas causes a continuous rise in the water table, with harmful effects. An experimental drainage system, based on horizontal well technology, was designed and implemented in a populated area. Groundwater flow modeling was used to assess the hydrodynamic efficiency of the system through drain conductance parameter estimation.