Types and genetic mechanism of chrysoberyl depositsSCIEI北大核心CSCD

金绿宝石作为一种铍矿物,不仅能用于高新科技、军事、医疗等领域,也是一种珍贵的宝石。自十八世纪被发现以来,金绿宝石成因和矿床特征被广泛地关注与研究。本文梳理与归纳了金绿宝石矿物学特征、矿床类型与分布,并给出新的矿床划分方案;总结了金绿宝石矿床的形成机制和影响因素等方面研究进展及科学问题。金绿宝石矿床按照成因可分为四个大类,即熔体结晶类、变质成因类、交代成因类和风化成因类;而根据赋存岩石,可将金绿宝石矿床进一步划分为六种亚型,分别是花岗岩-伟晶岩型、变质伟晶岩型、蛇纹岩型、云母岩型、条纹岩型和砂矿型。金绿宝石可在高温的高分异花岗岩岩浆中直接结晶形成,主要与石英、长石、白云母、绿柱石等共生,也可见锌尖晶石、夕线石和红柱石;在高级变质条件下金绿宝石由绿柱石分解得到,在变质伟晶岩型中金绿宝石与长石和石英共生,而在蛇纹岩型中金绿宝石与硅铍石共生;由远端交代作用控制形成的条纹岩型金绿宝石常与萤石、硅铍石和塔菲石共生,而由近端交代作用控制形成的云母型金绿宝石则与金云母、绿柱石和硅铍石共生。金绿宝石矿床仍存在很多有待解决与深入探讨的科学问题：金绿宝石形成的温压范围比较大,可能存在不同晶体相;针对花岗岩-...     

Lead Isotopic Compositions of Feldspars and Ores and Their Geologic Significance

The lead isotopic compositions of feldspars and ores from granitoid rocks andassociated hydrothermal ore deposits in eastern China are strictly controlled by the nature and age of basement rocks in different tectonic belts.In eastern China,at least five discrete plumbotectonic provinces can be distinguished:the North China platform province,the Qinling province,the Lower Yangtze prov-ince,the Nanling province and the Southeast China coastal province.Each province is marked for unique types of mineralization and ore-metal assemblages.     

Geology and Geochemistry of Reworking Gold Deposits in Intrusive Rocks of China—Ⅱ Gold Deposits and Their Genesis

Gold deposits in intrusive masses include the veinlet dissemination,quartz vein and veinlet dissemination vein types,They are distributed in fracture zones along the endocontact zone of a batholith or in the centre and edge of a stock.The metallogenic epochs are Yenshanian,Hercynian,Archean,Proterozoic and Himalayan,The gold deposits are characterized by a big difference in time span between gold mineralization and the formation of host masses Ore-forming materials were derived from the masses and auriferous strata and ore-forming fluids came from meteoric and formation waters.When circulating water was heated by ascending heat flow,gold would be extracted,concentrated and transported from auriferous rocks and then precipitated in the masses during the late tectonic movement,Finally gold deposits were formed in the intrusive masses.     

The influence of impurities on the dissolution of Ca- and Sr-bearing barite at room temperature

1INTRODUCTION BARITE(BASO4)ISANEXTREMELYINSOLUBLESALT;THISAROUSESPROBLEMSINPETROLEUMINDUSTRYBECAUSE BASO4ISAPARTICULARLYINTRACTABLESCALINGAGENT.BARITE PRECIPITATIONINTHEWELLBOREENVIRONMENTGENERALLYRE QUIRESMECHANICALREMOVAL,WITHCONSIDERABLEASSOCIAT EDEXPE…     

Geology,Geochemistry and Genesis of Yinyan Porphyry Tin Deposit

The Yinyan porphyry tin deposit is a blind deposit associated with a small granite porphyry stock.The petrology and geochemistry of the Yinyan granite porphyry suggest that it is genetically of the transfor-mation type,emplaced at the late stage of fractional crystallization within a high-level magma chamber.Ore-forming fluids are derived predominantly from the granitic magma and they interact with the wall rocks intensely when finding their way upwards through the granite porphyry.From the lower part of the porphyry upwards the following alteration zones can be distinguished(a)slightly altered granite porphyry (with weak potash feldspathization),(b)protolithionite-quartz greisenization zone,(c)to-paz-quartz greisenization zone,(d)senicite-quartz sericitization zone,and （e）silicification zone (quartz core at the surface).Tin mineralization is related to greisenization,especially to topaz-quartz greisenization.Rock and ore-forming temperatures and oxygen fugacities are estimated,respectively.There are significant differences in many aspects between the Yinyan porphyry tin deposit and volcan-ic-subvolcanic porphyry tin deposits.     

Petrological and Mineralogical Study of Enclaves in Plutons in the Typical Mining Districts of Tongling,Anhui and Its Bearing on the Process of Magmatism—Metallogeny

Two types of enclaves occur in magmatic plutons in Tongling,Anhui.Enclaves of the first type are residuals of metamorphic rocks of high amphibolite facies,and those of the other type are magmatic rocks ranging from monzonitic to dioritic in composition. A combined petrological and mineralogical study has been carried out on the two types of enclaves in order to estimate their forming conditions and analyze their relations to their hosts.so as to have an insight into the material sources of magmatic rocks and associated mineral deposits and give a clue to better understanding the mechanism of magmatism-metallogeny.This leads us to propose a new metallogenic model for strats-bound skarn-type ore deposits associated with a syntectic type of magmatic rocks.The new model can be simply summarized as partial melting of old metamorphic basement rocks at depth and accumulating,differentiating and positioning of magmas to form deep-level and shallow-level magma chambers,follower by mixing of different magmas associated with their crypto-explosion,migration of gas-bearing ore fluids and precipitation of metals in fluids within the magmas.     

Experimental Studies of the Solubility of Cassiterite and the Extraction of Tin from Granitic Melts

Experiments indicate that the solubility of cassiterite can be enhanced by increasing either acidity or alkalinity in hydrothermal solutions as a consequence of the duality of tin.The minimum solubility of cassiterite is found in neutral solutions.F-and CL-coordination compounds of Sn can alternate with hydroxyl coordination compounds with changing pH in the solutions.In this case,F^- and Cl^- and OH^- can be substituted with each other.The dissolution reaction of cassiterite is of reducing nature.High temperature and acidic reducing environment are favorable for the dissolution of cassiterite and the trans-port of Sn^2 compounds in fluids or solutions.High-temperature fluoride and chloride fluids can all dissolve,extract and enrich Sn to form F^- and /or Cl-coordination compounds,However,Fplays a more important role than Cl.F-coordination compounds are more stable and efficient than Cl-coordination compounds during the transport an enrichment of Sn in melts or solutions.The solubili-ty of cassiterite and the amount of Sn extracted from granitic melt depend not only on T,P,pH and Eh in the fluids or solutions,but also on the amounts of dissociated F^- and Cl^- in the fluids.     

Quantitative Prediction of Concentrated Regions of Large and Superlarge Deposits in China

Identification and quantitative prediction of large and superlarge mineral deposits of solid mineral resources using the mineral resource prediction theory and method with comprehensive information is carried out nationwide in China at a scale of 1:5000000. Using deposit concentrated regions as the model units and concentrated mineralization anomaly regions as prediction units, the prediction is performed on GIS platform. The technical route and research method of locating large and superlarge mineral deposits and principle of compiling attribute table of independent variables and functional variables are proposed. Upon methodology study, the qualitative locating and quantitative predicting mineral deposits are carried out with quantitative theory Ⅲ and characteristic analysis, respectively, and the advatntage and disavantage of two methods are discussed. This research is significant for mineral resource prediction in ten provinces of western China.     

Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Characteristics of REE—Fluorocarbonate Minerals and Their Genetic Implications,Bayan Obo Deposit,Inner Mongloia,China

REE－fluorocarbonates as major REE minerals in the Bayan Obo deposit,the largest REE deposit in the world,were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions,The δ^13 C and δ^18 O values of huanghoite,cebaite and bastnaesite from late-stage veins vary in the ranges of 7.8--4.0‰ and 6.7-9.4‰,respectively,These data are relatively similar to those of bastnaesites from banded ores:δ^13C-5.6--5.2‰ andδ^18O3.6-5.5‰.The REE fluorocarbonates from both late-staege veins and banded ores are characterized by lower δ^13 C and δ^18O values,especially the δ^18O values of bastnaesites from banded ores.Compared with them,the disseminated bastnaesits the dolomite-type ores possess rather highδ^13 C and δ^18O values,i.e.,-2.1-0.4‰ and 8.6-12.9‰ respectively.The high values are typical of the sedimentary host dolomite rocks as well as of the dolomite-type-ores.The carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics of REE fluorocarbonate minerals provide new evidence for the hypothesis on the origin of Bayan Obo deposit-epigenetic hydrothermal metasomatism.     

Theory and Method of Mineral Resource Prediction Based on Synthetic Information

Metallogenic prognosis of synthetic information uses the geological body and the miaeral resource body as a statistical unit to interpret synthetically the information of geology, geophysics, geo-chemistry and remote sensing from the evolution of geology and puts all the information into one entire system by drawing up digitalized interpretation maps of the synthetic information. On such basis, differ-ent grades and types of mineral resource prospecting models and predictive models of synthetic informa-tion can be established. Hence, a new integrated prediction system will be formed of metallogenic prog-nosis (qualitative prediction), mineral resources statistic prediction (determining targets) and mlaeral resources prediction (determining resources amount).     

Preparation and After-Treatment of BaMgAl10 O17 ：Mn^2＋

INTRODUCTION The properties of phosphor usedin a plasma dis-play panel (PDP) affect the performance of the PDP(Okazaki et al .,2000 ; Rao and Devine ,2000) . Theluminescent properties of the phosphor are decided bythe morphology ,particle size and size distribution ofthe powder ,sothe requirements for the powder mor-phology are high in a color PDP which belongs to ahigh resolution display apparatus (I m et al .,2005 ;Yang et al ., 2005) . Studies have shown that withsmall particle si…     

Hydrogeochemistry and Origin of Thermal Groundwater in Bedrock Aquifers in Tianjin, China

INTRODUCTIONThermalgroundwaterisfoundtohaveoccurredinthebedrockcarbonateaquifersofLowerPaleozoicandMeso toNeo ProterozoicErathemsnearTianjin ,China .Thebedrockaquifersexistinthelayersbetweenabout 10 0 0mandmorethan 4 0 0 0mbelowthelandsurface .Thethermalwaterhasbeensuccessfullydevelopedoverthepast2 0yearstoprovideasourceofhotwaterforavarietyofresidentialandindustri alpurposes.Geothermalwellstappingtheaquifersarecapa bleofproducingcommercialquantitiesofhotwaterwiththetemperaturesranging…     

Classification and Type Association of Tin Deposits in Southeast Yunnan Tin Belt

Pneumato-hypothermal to meso-epithermal tin-polymetallic(W, Be,Bi,Mo,Cu,Pb,Zn and Ag) deposits ,dominated by cassiterite-sulfide type and cassiterite-quartz type,are extensively developed around granite intrusives in the Southeast Yunnan Tin Belt genetically related to Yenshanian tecto-magmatism.Thd deposits are grouped into two classes,four associations and fourteen type according to the classification scheme proposed by the author to reflect their geological and genetic characteristics as well as economic implications.The deposits are arranged in an appar-ent zonal pattern from the granite body outwards in terms of “association“(cassiterite-feldspar→cassiterite-quartz→cassiterite sulfide),typical ore-forming metals(Sn-W-Be-Mo-Nb-Ta-Tr→Sn-W-Cu-In→Sn-Pb-Zn-As-Cd),and formation conditions(pneumato-hypothermal→hypothermal-mesothermal→mesothermal-epithermal),although such distribution pattern may be more or less complicated by local specialities of granit4 petrochemistry,host rock lithology and structure.     

Application of GIS in Mineral Resource Prediction of Synthetic Information

This paper introduces the fommtion mechanism and synthetic information prediction of large and superlarge deposits in Shandong Province by analyzing and studying on the GIS platform.The authors established a prospecting model of synthetic information from large and superlarge gold deposit concentration region, and the multi-source spatial database from concentration region of deposits and anomalies. On the basis of the spatial database, a target map layer, a model map layer and a predictive map layer were set up. Based on these map layers, geological variables of the model unit and predictive unit were extracted, then launched location and quantitative prediction of the gold deposit concentration region. The achievement of predicting large and superlarge deposits by the GIS platform has enabled the authors to design automation (or semi-automatic) interpretation subsystems, namely geophysics, geo-chemistry, geologic prospecting and comprehensive prognosis, and a set of the applicable GIS sofeware for mineral resmwcm prognosis of synthetic infornmtion.     

General characteristics and research progress of tellurium mineralizationSCIEI北大核心CSCD

碲作为稀散元素,很少形成独立矿床,主要以共伴生形式产出于多个类型矿床中,包括铜镍硫化物和铂族矿床、铁氧化物铜金(IOCG)矿床、块状硫化物(VMS)矿床、斑岩矿床、矽卡岩矿床、造山型金矿、卡林型金矿和浅成低温热液矿床等。研究表明,碲元素可以形成上百种碲矿物,除了自然碲之外,多与Au、Ag、Pb、Bi、Cu等形成碲化物,与S或者Se形成碲的硫化物或硒化物,也可以形成碲酸盐、硅酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐等矿物;此外Te还可以以类质同象形式替换寄主矿物中的元素。在成矿带尺度、矿床尺度及其矿石中碲均表现出极不均匀的分布特征,与主矿种Cu、Au、Ag等具有成因关系。碲具有多来源特征,可以源自地幔,也可以是浅部壳源岩浆或是围岩地层提供。碲矿化一般发生在成矿的中晚阶段,流体可通过混合作用、水岩反应、沸腾作用等改变体系的物理化学条件(如pH值、硫逸度、氧逸度、碲逸度、温度等),导致流体pH值升高、硫逸度和氧逸度降低,碲逸度升高,这是诱发碲矿物富集和沉淀的主要机制。碲由于其受控成矿条件较为特殊,需要着重加强碲富集成矿的关键控制因素、成矿物质来源和富集沉淀机制的研究。     

Application of Weights of Evidence to Mineral Potential Mapping of Yujiacun Ore Field in Northwest Yunnan Province, China

The multivariate information conprehensive processing technique is especially important at present to the digital mineral prospecting. However, the GIS-based weights of evidence have provided us with powerful tool for the quantitative assessment of mineral resource potential. In this paper, the mineralization model is established, based on the achievements made by previous researchers, to mend such deficiencies ad few references on ore fields in Yujiacun, Yunnan Province and the shortage of quantitative prediction and assessment of mineral resources. In addition, the weights of evidence are used to make a systematic quantitative prediction and assessment of mineral resources there, so that 2 mineral prospecting target areas of grade Ⅰ and 8 mineral prospecting target areas of grade Ⅱ are delineated, providing the further mineral resource exploration with the basis for the selection of mineral deposits.     

Confirmation and Significance of Caledonian Metallogenic Epoch for Gold Deposits in South China

Caledonian gold deposits are widely distributed in South China.They are developed in both South China Caledonian fold belt and adjacent Proterozoic Jiangnan uplift.The host rocks are Proterozoic metamorphosed microclastic rocks in the Jiangnan uplift and Proterozoic and Cambrian strata,as well as Chengjiang and Caledonian igneous bodies in the South China flod belt.The distince differences between the Caledonian and the most developed Yenshanian glod deposits in South China are reflected in age and host-rock type,relations to Yenshanian magmatic activities,element association,mineral assemblage and glod deposit type.The studies have proven hat the Caledonian epoch is a principal metallogenic period of gold deposits in South China.This conclusion is of very important enlightening significance in exploration of Caledonian gold deposits in South China as well as in other Caledonian fold belts and adjacent uplifts in China.     

Hydrothermal Mobilization and Enrichment of Iron in the Iron Deposits of the Middle—Lower Yangtze Valley District

There are two main types of iron deposits in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley district.Both of them underwent post-magmatic hydrothermal processes during ore formation.Iron in the hydrothermal ore bodies was derived largely through mobilization from substantially consolidated diroitic intrusives.Wall-roch alteration zonation indicates that iron-mobilizing hydrothermal fluids evolved in a trend of decreasing alkalinity,which is suggested by regularly distributed wall-rock alterations formed by iron-mobilizing hydrothermal fluids and is in contradiction with the current chloride,chloride complex and bicarbonate models for iron mobilization.The close association of carbonatization with iron ores and the high concentrations of reduced gases such as CO,CH4 and H2 in fluid inclusions suggest that iron is most probably transported in the form of iron carbonyls during post-magmatic hydrothermal processes. In the light of the iron carbonyl mobilization model,explanations are made of the constraints on ores of some geologic factors such as melanocratic alteration,carbonatization,carbonate strata,structural fractures,cyptoexplosive pipes and embryo ores.     

Analysis of the Achievments in Tectonic Dynamopetrologenic and Dynamo—metallogenic Simulating Experiments and Their Geological Significance

Under the action of tectonic stress ore fluids carrying ore-forming materials can migrate from a higher stress district to a lower one.This is a fact which has been widely accepted by geological cir-cles.However,can the components migrate in solid rocks under the action of stress?This problem has long attracted the attention of many geologists.The author has made a series of simulating experi-tal system.The results show that mylonite was produced as a consequence of shear flowage deformation in dolomite .The contents of the elements in porphyryclast and flowage deformation matrix were analyzed by means of electron microprobe,and the results show that Pb and Zn are obvi-ously concentrated in the shear-flowage deformation zone.Furthermore,Pb is concentrated in its cen-tre while Zn is concentrated on its margins .Newly-formed micro-grained galena can be detected locally.     

Geodynamics and Metallogeny of Mongolia—An IGCP-473 workshop in Ulaanbaatar and expert field trip to the South Gobi

Mongolia as a transition economy country depends largely on developing its wealth in mineral resources (gold, copper) by attracting foreign investment. The Mongolian government supported this by introducing a very liberal mining law. Furthermore,the huge territory of Mongolia and its mineral potential, and the excellent knowledge and expertise of Mongolian geologists provide a per-