川滇强震震前短期阶段地震活动空间异常特征

对1973年以来川滇地区21次6级以上强震的震前地震活动进行了全时空扫描,发现大多数强震在孕育中期至短期阶段,震源附近会出现两条或两条以上3级或4级中小地震条带。与强震孕育中期阶段相比,在强震孕育的短期阶段中小地震条带方向出现明显偏转,偏转角度为15°~150°。中小地震活动在空间上的这种动态异常,可作为强震孕育、发展至短期阶段的一项标志。     

阿克陶6.7级地震前RTL异常演化特征分析

<正>地震活动性研究是探索地震发生规律、判断地震危险性研究中的重要手段之一。大部分强震前经常出现背景空区、中小地震增强活动、地震条带、地震平静等地震图像异常过程,这体现了强震孕育过程的阶段性特征。但在实际研究中,对地震空区和条带的确定及其演化特征分析存在一些不确定性和复杂的问题。根据强震发生前未来震源区周围存在地震活动增     

云南地区强震前波速比、震源深度及中小地震活动的特征

分析了云南地区第四强震跃期内波速比的变化规律,探讨了强震孕育过程与波速变化、震源深度变化、中小地震活动的关系,结果表明:波速比异常、震源深度变化异常与3、4级中小地震活动的异常,最早出现于云南7级地震前4年左右,大多数异常集中出现于震前2年左右,表现为波速比、震源深度异常增多,震前1年左右异常则逐步减少;伴随着云南第四强震活跃期的开始—结束的过程,云南地区的波速比也经历了下降—恢复的准同步过程。     

强震前地震活动图象与震源机制类型的相关性分析

在对1966年以来63次强震前中等地震活动图象全时空扫描的基础上,讨论了大陆不同构造区域、不同震源机制强震前中等地震活动图象异常演化特征及其主要活动图象与震源机制节面的相关性. 研究表明:强震前中等地震活动图象显现出应力集中和减弱两个阶段性特征,第一阶段（中期阶段）的活动图象以条带、空区和集中活跃为主;第二阶段（中短期）以持续平静为主. 走滑和正断层机制震前显示出较好的特征图象;逆冲断层震前的活动图象与其它两种机制的图象不同,没有明显的特征图象,两个阶段都有平静现象出现. 强震前中等地震条带走向与震源机制的两个节面走向一致性较好,但空区的一致性较差.      

利用尾波包络线反演方法研究2003年大姚地震震中区下方地壳的非均匀结构

以单次散射模型、球形辐射源、一维线性速度模型为基础计算理论包络线,通过尾波归一化方法把理论与观测包络线结合起来形成非线性方程组,用迭代最小二乘方法反演大姚震区的散射系数空间分布.结果显示,MS6.2和MS6.1地震序列的主震和余震基本都分布在高散射系数区内.MS6.2地震序列震源深度在研究区中部向下弯曲绕过低散射系数区,在深度剖面上呈弧形分布;震源深度较浅的MS6.1地震序列向北西、南东方向的扩展终止于两端的低散射系数区.大姚强震区10km深度上的高散射系数条带沿震源断层分布,暗示了震区下方断层破碎带的存在.     

丽江大震前长—中—短—临地震学异常的演化过程

本通过丽江大震前地震学各项异常的动态追踪，研究了长－中－短－临异常伴随大震孕育、发生的演化过程，结果表明：在强震的缺震、强震的重复、中强震密集、诱发地震、相关地震等多项长期异常的背景上，出现了中小地震活跃、调制小震频繁、复发周期降低、震源深度加深和震级差增大、地震序列ｈ值下降等同步的中期异常，而１９９５年中小地震活跃后的平静、低复发周期的回升、震源深度为２５公里和震级差在１．０－１．１级的地震次     

阿拉木图试验场强震预报的弱震活动性和震源机制参数研究

研究弱震活动性参数的时间进程和空间分布,这些参数是K=10与K=9地震数量之比(N10/N9)、震源深度以及震源机制确定的压应力轴方位角的变化。绘制出弱震活动性参数的空间分布图,识别可预报强震的弱震活动性参数的中期异常。得出强震前1~2年期间的强震孕育区位置。     

强震中短期前兆异常的共性特征

强震前兆异常具有六大共性特征。地震学方面: 第一,长期阶段的平静异常,强震均发生在已发生强震震源区之间的空段上;第二,中短期阶段强震震源区之外相当大范围中小地震或震群异常活跃,震源区反而平静,形成环形或 R-t图空区。定点前兆方面;第一,异常开始时间的外早内晚特征 ;第二,异常台站空间分布的非连续性特征; 第三,短期阶段异常数量的“突增”性特征 ;第四,短临阶段异常幅度的“巨变”性特征。上述事实用已有的DD和IPE模型无法解释,可作震源硬化模型的事实基础。在强震的预报实践中,空段和空区可以作为地点判据,异常数量的增加同时伴随的巨变异常,可以作为进入短临阶段的判据。除某些强震前1~2天外,其他时段震源区内异常不明显。按传统模型指导实践,必然造成声东击西,若用已揭示的异常共性特征指导预报,则可避免上述错误。     

溧阳-介休-五原北西地震带强震的破裂特征

溧阳——介休——五原北西向地震条带,是唐山地震后华北地区地震活动最为活跃的地带。通过研究发生在这条带上强震的震源机制,破裂过程,震源参数及迁移特点,发现这条带上的较强地震具有以下特点: 1.ML5.0级地震的破裂面走向均为北西向,与条带的总体走向基本一致。反映这些地震具有沿破裂面方向迁移的特点。 2.强震是从中间向北西及南东两个条带的延伸方向交替扩展迁移的,并且强度有逐个增大的趋势。而1980年3月9日在条带上平遥地区发生ML=5.7级地震后,再不具备上述迁移,震级增大的特点。 3.截止现在,均以中强震释放能量。其中多数的主压应力P轴与华北地区统一的主压应力方位基本一致,但仍有几个强震与华北地区总体走向明显不同,说明局部条件的影响在这个带上有时可以起主导作用。      

华北强震断层面解和震源深度特征

本文利用远震P波及SH波和区域地震P_(nl)波波形反演方法,测定了华北9次强震的断层面解、震源深度及地震矩.结合其他作者测定的7次地震的结果,分析了华北16次强震断层面解及华北地震震源深度特征.结果表明,华北多数强震为走滑型地震,也有个别正断层型及逆断层型地震;16次地震多数发生在地壳中部10-25km深度范围内.     

2011年6月8日新疆托克逊MS5.3地震震源机制解反演

2011年6月8日9时53分,新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番地区托克逊县发生Ms5.3地震.据新疆自治区民政厅报告,截至6月9日7时,地震造成托克逊县1241人受灾,324户1335间房屋不同程度受损,其中50户168间农牧民住房成为危房、无法居住,274户1135间房屋墙体开裂,博斯坦乡中学24间教室房屋开裂,伊拉湖乡医院8间病房开裂,无人员伤亡报告.     

Three-dimensional characteristics of focal fault of 1995 M S=6.5 Wuding earthquake occurring in Yunnan Province

By means of the hypocenter distribution and focal mechanism of Wuding MS=6.5 earthquake sequence occurred in 1995, the space orientation and activity characteristics of focal fault of Wuding earthquake have been studied from the three-dimensional space-time process. The results indicate that the focal fault of Wuding earthquake is a subsurface, NWW-trending, upright and right-lateral strike slip fault which is consistent with the intensity distribution in the meizoseismal region. Although the large-scale NS-trending Tanglang-Yimen active fault passes through the earthquake region, it is irrelevant to the MS=6.5 Wuding main earthquake. Since the relationship between the strong earthquake and the shallow geological active fault can not be determined, the crustal deep structure should be studied. The method proposed in the paper can be used to distinguish the focal fault in the deep crust.     

红河断裂带的震源机制与现代构造应力场

利用震源机制解对红河断裂带的现代构造应力场和震源破裂进行分析,结果表明沿断裂带震源机制、应力场和震源破裂存在着主体类型、优势作用和主要特征,同时也存在着复杂性特征,断裂带北、中、南段存在差异,反映了断裂带各段构造活动的差异。     

The Yecheng, Xinjiang, China, earthquake of February 14, 1980 —A destructive intermediate earthquake

In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m _b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 137–143, 1992.     

A priliminary study on the sequence characteristics and focal mechanism solution of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm

ｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇｉｓａｓｅｉｓｍｉｃａｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ,ａｎｄＪｉａｓｈｉｉｓａｆｏｃａｌｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇａｒｅａｉｎＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇ．ＩｎｔｈｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｆｒｏｍＪａｎｕａｒｙ２１ｔｏＡｐｒｉｌ...     

2010年玉树地震序列ML≥4.0事件震源机制解特征分析

采用CAP方法反演2010年玉树7.1级地震序列前震、主震及余震19个M_L≥4.0事件的震源机制解,19个结果以走滑类型为主,前震、主震的震源机制解十分接近,反映出前震、主震之间密切的联系;震源深度集中在7~12 km,震源最浅（4.5 km）与最深（34 km）的两个余震事件具有明显的逆冲性质,表现出明显的边界特征;19个事件的震中分布在甘孜-玉树断裂北支玉树-隆宝断裂上,目前已经证明该断裂即为玉树地震的发震构造。自SE-NW沿玉树-隆宝断裂走向拉一剖面,观察震源深度沿剖面的变化情况,可看出玉树-隆宝断裂西北段震源深度要大于东南段,该段主要是余震活动的中后期,因此在地震活动的中后期,余震向地壳深部扩展,断裂累积的应变能得到更进一步的释放;P轴方位角优势分布集中在220°~230°,T轴方位优势分布集中在310°~320°,两个优势分布互相垂直性与单个事件的沙滩球应力轴一样,说明玉树地震的震源机制解类型较为简单;玉树周边地区应力场分布比较均匀,并不像汶川周边地区那么复杂,本次玉树地震为巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘块体边界处甘孜-玉树断裂应变能量的正常释放。     

2011年安庆MS4.8地震SmS震相观测与研究.

2011年1月19日发生的安庆MS4.8地震,在较远范围引起了明显震感．通过仔细辨认此次地震不同频段的波形记录,发现在一些台站记录到了清晰的SmS震相．采用CAP方法反演了其震源机制解,并利用理论地震图与实际观测数据对比进一步确认了SmS震相的存在．结合已有实验结果,推断在人类有感频率（1Hz至几Hz）范围内,震中距70——200 km内SmS震相往往是振幅最大的震相,是引起远距离有感的主要原因．利用理论地震图研究了震源深度对SmS震相的影响. 结果表明,震源深度可改变SmS震相发育的临界震中距,震源越深对应的临界震中距越小．进一步通过对比SmS与S的振幅比,定性讨论了震源机制解中倾角、滑动角和地壳浅层衰减等因素对SmS震相的影响．结果表明,倾角和滑动角对其振幅比影响呈现比较复杂的关系,而SmS与S振幅比随地壳浅层衰减的增大而减小,说明浅层衰减对SmS震相影响较大．综合分析认为,除当地地壳速度结构的影响外,SmS震相的发育受到震源机制解的倾角、滑动角,震源深度以及地壳浅层衰减等多种因素的影响．      

RESEARCH ON GENESIS OF M4.2 AND M4.5 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCES IN MARCH 2014 IN ZIGUI COUNTY,HUBEI PROVINCE

On 27^th and 30^th March 2014, an M4.2 and M4.5 earthquake sequence occurred in Zigui County, Hubei Province, and the earthquake sequence type is double seismic type. The two earthquake sequences occurred at the water unloading stage of the 175m trial impounding, and G-R relations showed the similar characteristics with that of the tectonic earthquakes. In order to verify the influences of dam reservoir on earthquake triggering, ETAS model was introduced, the results showed that the slow water level changes had little impact on the occurrence of earthquake. Double difference precision relocation results indicated that the two earthquake sequences occurred at the intersection part of a NE-striking fault and the NNW-striking Xiannvshan Fault, and the preferred direction of aftershock distribution was separately NE and NNW. Moment tensor inversion method and P wave initial motion method were used to determine the focal mechanisms of the two earthquakes, and the results indicated that the two earthquakes were controlled by the regional tectonic stress field and were of reverse-slip type. Comprehensive analysis showed that the M4.2 earthquake was caused by a small-scale fault striking NE with a big dip angle. From the hypocenter profile, it can be seen that the M4.2 earthquake sequence was restrained by an east-dip fault, and the M4.5 earthquake sequence was the product under the conjugate action of the NE-striking fault and the NNW-striking Xiannvshan fault.     

SOURCE PARAMETERS OF THE CANGWU MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE, 31 JULY, 2016

On July 31^st, 2016, an earthquake of M_S5.4 occurred in Cangwu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is the first M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquake in coastal areas of southern China in the past 17a. The moderate earthquake activities have come into a comparatively quiet period in coastal areas of southern China for decades, so the study about the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is very important. However, differernt research institutions and scholars have got different results for the focal depth of the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake. For this reason, we further measured the focal depth by using CAP method and sPL phase method. sPL phase was first put forward by Chong in 2010. It is often observed between P and S wave of continental earthquakes with epicentral distance of about 30km to 50km. The energy of sPL phase is mainly concentrated on the radial component. Arrival time difference between sPL phase and direct P wave is insensitive to epicentral distancs, but increases almost linearly with the increase of focal depth. Based on these characteristics and advantages, sPL phase method is chosen to measure the focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake in the paper. First of all, we selected the broadband waveform data through seismic stations distributed mainly in Guangxi and adjacent provinces from Data Management Centre of China National Seismic Network and Guangxi Earthquake Networks Center. And an appropriate velocity model of Cangwu area was constructed by the teleseismic receiver function method. Then, the focal mechanism and focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake were determined by using the CAP(Cut and Paste)method. Next, we compared the synthetic waveforms simulated by F-K forward method of different focal depth models with the actual observed waveforms. According to the difference of arrival times between sPL and Pg phases, we finally obtained the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake. The results show that the focal depth is 11km measured by CAP method and 9km by sPL phase method. Based on the focal mechanism solution, isoseismal shapes, aftershocks distributions and investigation on spot, we conclude that the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is a left-lateral strike-slip earthquake which occurred in the upper crust. Our preliminary analysis considers that the seismogenic structure of Cangwu earthquake is a north-northwest branch fault, and the control fault of this earthquake is the Hejie-Xiaying Fault.     

2008年6月10日内蒙古鄂伦春自治旗M5.2地震的震源机制、震源深度和发震构造

2008年6月10日14时5分,内蒙古鄂伦春自治旗发生M5.2地震,该地震处于大兴安岭梯度带北段,是内蒙古东北部地区近年来发生的最大地震。基于内蒙古地震台网观测资料,使用TDMT方法、CAP方法、PTD方法和sPn-Pn等方法测定此次地震的震源机制解和震源深度。结合已有数据资料,分析震源区域地震的时空分布特征和构造应力特征,并探讨该地震的发震构造。此次地震震源深度较浅,位于上地壳,结合震源机制解结果、地震分布特征和构造背景分析认为,此次地震为右旋走滑类型,走向NNE,主压应力方向为SWW。