应用全波场正演模拟进行川西深层海相地震勘探工程设计参数论证的研究

这里讨论了川西深层海相地震勘探工程设计的参数论证问题.在分析该区以往地震勘探工程设计的基础上,以现有地质认识为基础构建正演模型,利用Tesseral软件的正演模拟分析功能,进行地震采集参数的论证和观测系统的优化设计.地震数据采集实验结果表明,经过正演模拟优化的观测系统,能大幅度地改善地震数据采集的品质.     

RVSP方法正演模拟及在煤田采空区中的应用

为了提高煤田采空区的地震勘探精度,精准定位采空区边界。在传统VSP地震数据处理成像方法的基础上,通过正演模拟系统地研究了RVSP地震数据处理成像方法,并对采空区填充物及大小分别建立模型进行地震正演模拟数据分析,研究其成像特征。利用正演模拟研究成果,对某水务工程关键地段煤田采空区地震试验数据进行精细处理,并取得了理想的成像效果;形成了一套适合煤田采空区RVSP地震数据处理成像方法,对精准探测煤田采空区具有重要的实际意义。      

大地电磁测深二维地形影响及其校正方法研究

采用有限元法实现ＭＴ二维模型的正演模拟,将地形条件下的二维地电模型的ＭＴ响应分解为地形引起的畸变场和与测点高程位置有关的稳定场两部分进行分析。用有限元法模拟二维地形条件下地电结构的ＭＴ 响应和纯地形的ＭＴ响应,采用比值法消除地形引起的干扰场,然后,将消除地形影响后的视电阻率值通过延拓方法获水平地形条件下二维地电结构的视电阻率分布,完善大地电磁测深视电阻率曲线的地形校正。     

大地电磁测控深二维地形影响及其校正方法研究

采用有限元法实现ＭＴ二维模型的正演模拟,将地形条件下的二维地电模型的ＭＴ响应分解为地形引起的畸变场和与测点高程位置有关的稳定场两部进行分析。用有限元法模拟二维地形条件下地电结构的ＭＴ响应和地形的ＭＴ响应,采用幽会法消除地形引起的干扰场,然后,将消除地形影响后的视电阻率值通过延拓方法获水平地形条件下二维地电结构的视电阻率分布,完善在地电磁测深视电阻率的地形校正。     

沉积盆地石油地质过程和油气运移聚集模拟系统及其应用

在吸收消化国外先进模型基础上，以信息系统论思想确定了以油气运移聚集为核心的石油地质过程系统边界及主要事件；研制开发了沉积盆地油气运移聚集计算机模拟系统。该系统主要由４大部分构成：参数输入部分、模型主部件、中间数据链、成果输出部分，模型主部件包括原始厚度恢复模型、沉积压实、异常地层压力演化模型、成烃模型、油气运移聚集模型。系统在中国东部的渤海湾盆地、西部酒西盆地得到广泛应用检验，取得了满意的效果。     

通-南-巴三维地震采集参数设计方法

针对通-南-巴地区山地工区复杂的地表结构和地质构造造成的地震施工难题,结合表层结构调查进行了激发试验确定了激发岩性、激发井深及炸药量等参数,确保主要目的层的地震波反射主频,拓宽有效波频带,提高纵向分辨率,以获取高信噪比地震资料;同时进行了基于地质模型及地震正演模拟的观测系统参数的设计,最终达到了突出有效反射,得到复杂构造信息的目的。     

三维地震建模与可视化

在地震模型与正演中利用已知资料或虚拟建立复杂的二维和三维地震模型, 对进行后续地震模拟和面元分析以及合理地设计观测系统等工作是非常重要的, 同时为地震资料处理解释提供了工具, 为反演方法提供了必要的基础.根据地震模型特点对地震模型建立及其在计算机上可视化的一些算法进行了简要阐述, 对能很好地实现三维地震模型可视化的克里格插值、Delaunay三角剖分算法的原理进行了分析研究.在SeisWay1.0“地震模型与正演”模块中根据以上算法所生成的模型数据生成三维地震模型.      

不整合面下隐伏逆冲断层反射地震成像模拟研究

针对不整合界面下的逆冲断层进行反射地震勘探的可行性问题,进行了一项波动方程正演模拟数值试验。勘探的地质目标包括断层的断面形态,以及附近几个厚度仅仅为几米的地质透镜体。根据掌握的地质资料建立地震参数模型,用波动方程正演模拟技术模仿地震勘探观测系统的施工方式,滚动放炮合成了38炮地震数据,然后按照生产资料处理流程对这些数据进行处理,最后得到地震波速度模型剖面、地震数据叠加剖面以及偏移剖面等图像成果。试验结果表明,如果采用较高频率的震源信号,反射勘探地震成像方法可以有效地揭示不整合面下隐伏逆冲断层的空间展布形态,辨识地质透镜体存在。研究表明,选用主频为150Hz的高频率震源信号,可以使勘探达到最佳的分辨效果。     

储集层预测新技术模型验证及应用

储集层预测新技术是通过提取地震参数并选择有效参数利用不同的算法划分地震相类型,进而研究储集层岩性、物性及含油性的变化。针对储集层预测和综合评价新技术,从正演模型出发,对地震参数与储集层的对应关系及新技术的有效性进行剖析,结果表明：不同的地质合题对应不同的地震参数,应在地质分析的基础上,客观地评价和分析新技术的使用条件和解决问题的能力,才能正确地发拧其作用。通过在胜利油区埕岛、车西等地区的应用,取得     

基于地震属性优化和机器学习的煤层厚度预测方法

煤层精准定位是无人采煤的关键技术,煤层厚度预测是煤田地震资料解释的重要研究内容之一。参考实际地层厚度及物性参数,构建含楔形煤层的正演模型,通过地震剖面正演和地震属性提取、优化,对比分析信噪比和多种回归方法对煤层厚度预测的影响。研究结果表明：部分地震属性与煤厚相关性较强,可以用于煤厚预测;地震属性间的信息冗余不可忽略,但基于主成分分析和多维标度的地震属性优化结果无本质区别;当信噪比较低(10 dB)时,随机森林回归算法的均方根误差最小(1.07),支持向量机回归算法的误差居中(1.15),多元线性回归算法的误差最大(1.84);当信噪比较高(25 dB)时,支持向量机回归算法的误差最小(0.05),随机森林回归算法的误差居中(0.11),多元线性回归算法的误差最大(0.20);输入数据信噪比对煤厚预测有明显影响,信噪比越高、预测效果越好。基于地震属性优化及支持向量机回归的煤厚预测方法,是实现薄煤层厚度高精度解释的一种有效途径。     

地质剖面图自动绘制方法

研究了地质剖面图自动绘制的AutoLISP二次开发原理与方法，并研制出一套实用的自动绘图系统，包括数据录入、数据库的建立、数据文件的系统导入、各个绘图模块的具体编测以及菜单文件的加载运行等。开放的岩性花纹图例库不仅包含常用的岩性图例，而且可以随时增删；系统的计算、转化与输出功能使得绘图过程更加智能化；可编程对话框提供了必要的提示、多样化接口与所需参数的输入，使得软件操作简便，界面友好，充分发挥了AutoLISP二次开发的强大优势，提高了工作效率。     

碳酸盐岩喀斯特溶洞和裂缝系统的地震模拟与预测

提出了有助于确定碳酸盐岩裂缝带和喀斯特溶洞系统空间分布的地震正演模拟和预测方法。地震正演方法包含两个关键步骤，一是利用弹性波动方程计算含缝洞介质的有效弹性参数，另一步骤是根据有效弹性参数构成的等效地质模型，用单程声学波动方程进行波场延拓。数值模拟和实际地震数据的例子说明，将地震正演剖面与地震偏移剖面相结合进行对比分析有可能识别和预测碳酸盐岩地层中的缝洞发育带。     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.     

Generation of stochastic earthquake ground motion in western Saudi Arabia as a first step in development of regional ground motion prediction model

Earthquake ground motion model is an essential part of seismic hazard assessment. The model consists in several empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that are considered to be applicable to the given region. When the recorded ground motion data are scarce, numerical modeling of ground motion based on available seismological information is widely used. We describe results of stochastic simulation of ground motion acceleration records for western Saudi Arabia. The simulation was performed using the finite fault model and considering peak ground acceleration and amplitudes of spectral acceleration at natural frequencies 0.2 and 1.0 s. Based on the parameters of the input seismological model that were accepted in similar previous studies, we analyze influence of variations in the source factor (stress drop) and in the local attenuation and amplification factors (kappa value, crustal amplification). These characteristics of the model are considered as the major contributors to the ground motion variability. The results of our work show that distribution of simulated ground motion parameters versus magnitude and distance reveals an agreement with the GMPEs recently used in seismic hazard assessment for the region. Collection of credible information about seismic source, propagation path, and site attenuation parameters using the regional ground motion database would allow constraining the seismological model and developing regional GMPEs. The stochastic simulation based on regional seismological model may be applied for generation of ground motion time histories used for development of analytical fragility curves for typical constructions in the region.     

基于钻孔数据的三维可视化快速建模技术的研究

为了实现三维建模过程的智能化以及自动化,以及使复杂地质体三维建模过程变得简单,针对CAD图形资料编写了能够直接将地表、钻孔等地质信息读入到数据库的DXF接口程序,提出了一种利用GA-Kriging插值手段对地层属性进行插值并最终实现三维可视化快速建模的方法,并且在此基础上基于VTK图形库实现了三维建模、等值线绘制、钻孔显示、切片以及特定地层的提取以及体积的计算等功能。在编写Kriging插值算法时,为了实现块金常数、变程等常数取值的自动化、最优化,应用GA智能算法求解。最后,通过地铁隧道的一个工程实例,对建模方法以及相应的算法模块进行了验证,表明方法具有一定的优越性。     

Prediction of porosity and water saturation using pre-stack seismic attributes: a comparison of Bayesian inversion and computational intelligence methods

Rock physical parameters such as porosity and water saturation play an important role in the mechanical behavior of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks. A valid and reliable prediction of these parameters from seismic data is essential for reservoir characterization, management, and also geomechanical modeling. In this paper, the application of conventional methods such as Bayesian inversion and computational intelligence methods, namely support vector regression (SVR) optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system-subtractive clustering method (ANFIS-SCM), is demonstrated to predict porosity and water saturation. The prediction abilities offered by Bayesian inversion, SVR-PSO, and ANFIS-SCM were presented using a synthetic dataset and field data available from a gas carbonate reservoir in Iran. In these models, seismic pre-stack data and attributes were utilized as the input parameters, while the porosity and water saturation were the output parameters. Various statistical performance indexes were utilized to compare the performance of those estimation models. The results achieved indicate that the ANFIS-SCM model has strong potential for indirect estimation of porosity and water saturation with high degree of accuracy and robustness from seismic data and attributes in both synthetic and real cases of this study.     

Efficiency of 2D CDP during section subsurface investigations

Today, all seismic onshore and offshore oil and gas explorations are performed using the common depth point (CDP) method. However, the standard methods of data acquisition and processing often turn out to be inefficient for shallow seismic purposes. We made an attempt to estimate CDP efficiency by solving the direct problem using ray-path modeling under varying model parameters.     

基于VBA的地震勘探综合信息图件制作方法及实现

详细探讨了如何利用通用绘图软件的VBA(Visual Basic for Applications)编程在地震勘探项目中对物探基础数据进行处理分析,并在绘图软件中实现自动批量绘制点标记、曲线、区域、文本和图片等图形对象及其复杂组合的基本方法。通过VBA的纽带作用,达到物探专业软件和通用绘图软件完美结合。这种结合能够减轻技术人员手工绘制图件劳动强度,同时它具有快速、精美、灵活多变、容易修改等多个特点。最后以工作中的几个数据处理实例,展示了VBA在地震勘探综合信息图件制作中的灵活运用,在类似图形或数据处理工作中起到了一个良好的抛砖引玉的作用。     

Nonlinear Site Response and Liquefaction Analysis in the New Madrid Seismic Zone

Many existing highway bridges in the New Madrid Seismic Zone are located in the Mississippi Embayment, consisting of deep soil deposits and liquefaction susceptible near surface soils. It is important to understand the comprehensive impact of deep soil deposits and liquefaction on the response of the bridge foundations under seismic loading. A nonlinear soil model is then presented to study the impacts of the deep soil deposit and liquefaction on response analysis. The soil model has the advantage of using input parameters that can be obtained from conventional field and laboratory testing methods, which makes it attractive to engineering practice. The model calibrations used field recorded motions and laboratory test data, which indicate that the model provides an acceptable outcome based on simple input parameters. The model is implemented into the site response analysis for a typical Missouri highway bridge site in this seismic zone. The effect of the deep soil deposit and liquefaction on the site response analyses is discussed.     

塔里木盆地动态数值模拟

在Sun工作站Motif界面环境下，针对塔里木盆地复杂的地质条件，完成了三维油气盆地模拟，包括地史、热史、古水动力史、生排烃史模拟及油气资源量的模拟计算，将塔里木盆地划分为三大油气系统，即满加尔油气系统、塔西南油气系统、库车油气系统，并指出塔里木盆地油气勘探的有利地区。