鲜水河-小江断裂带7级以上强震构造区的划分及其构造地貌特征

划分了鲜水河——小江断裂带7级以上历史地震的强震构造区，分析了各强震构造区地质构造和构造地貌特征．认为强震构造区是沿断裂带的一些特殊构造段落，区内以断裂带主要分支断层的左阶斜列、并行排列或三叉构造组合为主体构造格局．强震构造区内发育了构造较复杂的盆地类型，如三叉区拉分盆地、双阶区拉分盆地和阶区 三叉区拉分盆地等．      

四川盆地的地震地质特征

四川盆地是我国具有代表性的中新生代沉积盆地,喜马拉雅运动使之发生褶皱变形。野外观察和深部探测资料表明,褶皱及与之相伴的断裂通常在3～5千米的深度上消失,为典型的浅层构造。上下层位构造形态的不协调现象是沿软弱层位发生滑脱作用的结果。盆地内的地震活动性比四川西部活动构造区明显减弱,仅有的几个中强地震震例表明,它们具有震源浅、震级低,烈度高且震中位置与背斜构造关系密切的特点。本文旨在通过盆地内盖层滑动及其与盖层沼皱、断裂的成因机制的讨论,探索导致盆地内地震活动特殊现象的原因。并预测盆地内未来地震的可能强度。     

渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动

渤海位于北华北新生代裂陷盆地的东部，是一个晚第四纪形成的内陆海盆. 渤海盆地活动断裂发育，地震活动强烈，交会于渤海中部的NE向营口——潍坊断裂带北段、庙西北——黄河口——临邑断裂带及NW向北京——蓬莱断裂带是主要的活动构造带，将海区分成4个次级新构造区，成为现代应力场作用的构造基础. 综合研究38个震源机制解和75个井区应力场等资料，以及构造应力场二维数值模拟计算结果表明，渤海及其邻区现代构造应力场的压应力方向为NE60～90，张应力为SN——NW30；以水平和近水平应力作用为主；不同构造区主应力方向存在一定的差异. 现今渤海地区地壳发育以NNE——NE和NW——WNW走向的共轭剪切破裂为特征，是控制地震活动的主要构造.      

福建漳州盆地的最新构造活动和地震危险性

通过漳州盆地的新生性、断裂活动性、晚第四纪地壳运动、盆地内部新构造差异活动和强震活动周期等初步探讨了该盆地的地震危险性。结果表明 ,该盆地晚更新世开始突破北东向断裂的限制 ,继续向南东方向发展 ;展布于盆地内部的北东、北西向断裂在晚更新世期间活动较为强烈 ;晚第四纪地壳升降运动频繁 ;盆地内部新构造差异活动强烈 ;最后一次历史强震距今已有 4 0 0a ,大大超过了该地区历史记录中 2 6 0a的强震活动最大间隔。因此 ,该盆地具有较大的地震危险性     

陆内盆地与强震活动ht

1303年9月27日的山西洪洞8级地震发生于山西断陷盆地带中的临汾盆地，这是我国自有地震历史记载以来的第一次8级地震，也是一个在活动陆内盆地中发生的大地震. 2003年9月17~18日在山西太原市召开了1303年山西洪洞8级地震700周年暨陆内盆地与强震活动研讨会. 会上交流的论文讨论了我国不同地区发育的不同性质的陆内活动盆地，包括拉张构造区的地堑、半地堑张性盆地，挤压构造区的压陷盆地和前陆盆地及走滑构造带内的拉分盆地与强震活动的关系. 本文对这些问题作了简要的总结，本期刊登的论文是由部分会议论文组成的专辑.      

合肥盆地东缘北西向断裂活动性

对合肥盆地东缘基岩区的NW向断层剖面进行了观察和年代样品测试,并跨其中1条断层布设了浅层地震勘探测线;结合本区第四系厚度和沉积特征,对浅震测线时间剖面进行了地质解释。根据调查所揭示的剖面特征、断层泥ESR测年数据、浅层地震勘探结果及本区的中强地震活动构造背景,认为这组NW向断裂中更新世有过活动;合肥盆地东缘NW向横向断裂的第四纪活动情况与断裂所在地区的新构造环境有关,尽管断层泥测年结果表明断裂在中更新世有过活动,但其活动强度不大。     

地震活动水平在潜在震源区判定中的应用——以甘肃酒西盆地为例

酒西盆地为河西走廊西段的一个压陷性盆地,其内发育了多条晚第四纪活动逆断裂、褶皱带,是未来具有发生破坏性地震的潜在震源区.通过对酒西盆地和邻近地区9个潜在震源区的长期地震活动水平的对比研究,发现不同震级档的潜在震源区基本处于各自的一个地震活动水平档上.据此将玉门潜在震源区地震活动水平与其它潜在震源区对比,并结合区内活动构造及历史地震等活动特征,判定其震级上限为MS7.0.指出地震活动水平对比方法可作为潜在震源区划分中的一个辅助手段.     

北京西北延庆—怀来盆地的地震观测及减轻地震灾害研究

根据历史地震记载、近期地震活动性和构造应力场资料,分析了北京西北延庆－怀来盆地的潜在地震危险性。指出自１９９５年７月２０日至１９９６年７月３０日发生于延庆－怀来盆地的ＭＬ＝４．１地震序列的震源分布,揭示了分布于延庆－怀来盆地的两条共轭断层,位于这两条共轭断层延长线交汇处的怀来县城地区具有断层闭锁区的特征,该闭锁区域的线性尺度与一个６．０级地震震源区的线性尺度相当,但延庆－怀来盆地近期微震活动未显示     

福州盆地的地震环境与主要断层潜在地震的最大震级评价

综合探查表明 ,福州盆地的主要断层均无全新世活动。通过区域地壳动力学与地震构造背景分析、地震活动水平统计对比等 ,综合判定了福州盆地的地震环境及主要断层潜在地震的最大震级。结果表明 :福州盆地位于台湾动力触角对大陆作用的弱影响区 ,但靠近强、弱影响区的过渡边界 ,处于有、无≥ 6级强震区的过渡地带。与福建—粤东北沿海发生过强震的地段相比 ,福州盆地及附近主要断裂的最晚活动时代偏老 ,壳内的低速层不显著。另外 ,在福建及邻区的 12个地震构造单元中 ,福州盆地单元的地震活动水平最低。该盆地西缘和南缘的闽候 -南屿断层和五虎山北麓断层是具有发生中等地震潜势的相对危险断层段 ,潜在地震的最大震级估值为MS6 .0和 5 .6     

大同断陷盆地及其大震危险性

以最新研究成果，全面、系统地阐述了大同断陷盆地的地貌特征、晚新生代地层、火山与玄武岩、主要活动断裂、新构造单元与地震活动的空间分布、大同－阳高两次地震的地震构造。在此基础上探讨了今后10年左右的时间内，大同断陷盆地的地震危险性。     

An ArcGIS® Approach to Include Tectonic Structures in Point Data Regionalization

Point data derived from drilling logs must often be regionalized. However, aquifers may show discontinuous surface structures, such as the offset of an aquitard caused by tectonic faults. One main challenge has been to incorporate these structures into the regionalization process of point data. We combined ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation to account for neotectonic structures in the regionalization process. The study area chosen to test this approach is the largest porous aquifer in Austria. It consists of three basins formed by neotectonic events and delimited by steep faults with a vertical offset of the aquitard up to 70 m within very short distances. First, ordinary kriging was used to incorporate the characteristic spatial variability of the aquitard location by means of a variogram. The tectonic faults could be included into the regionalization process by using breaklines with buffer zones. All data points inside the buffer were deleted. Last, IDW was performed, resulting in an aquitard map representing the discontinuous surface structures. This approach enables one to account for such surfaces using the standard software package ArcGIS^®; therefore, it could be adopted in many practical applications.     

广东沿海新构造运动的大陆动力学背景

广东沿海新构造运动的大陆动力学背景了受周边板块运动影响外，还受该区大地构造演化的历史和壳幔深部结构制约。该区新构造应力场变化为：晚第三纪，陆缘裂陷盆地区为SSE为拉张，粤东、粤中沿海陆地局部为近SN向挤压；上新世晚期至今，为NWW-SEE向挤压。燕山晚期以来沿海地区“华夏山系”的造山后拉伸塌陷和岩石圈拆沉作用，导致地壳张裂，软流圈上涌，对广东沿海的新构造运动重要的控制作用。此外，广东沿海上地幔的高热状态和地壳内部的流变分层结构，是该区新构造运动和地震发生的重要的深部结构因素。     

湘东地区断裂活动性及潜在震源区划分研究

湘东地区(湖南省东部地区)地处华南褶皱系内,经历了多次构造运动,地层普遍褶皱,并伴有一系列NNE—NE向断裂,沿这些断裂形成一些断陷盆地;新构造运动期间,地壳运动以大面积整体性缓慢抬升为主要形式,差异性构造活动较弱,但该区发生了多次中强地震,断裂在第四纪早、中期有活动可能与中强地震的发生有关。文中在收集、分析研究区及附近地区前人工作成果的基础上,对常德-益阳-长沙断裂东南段、湘潭-邵东断裂东北段和永州-衡阳断裂开展了地质学、地貌学的野外考察,综合分析了这些断裂第四纪早、中更新世以来的活动性。采用"地震重复"和"构造类比"2条基本原则,依据特定地段的地质、地震和地球物理场等资料,认为这些断裂带不但具有中更新世活动形迹,而且沿带存在中强地震的潜在危险。综合社会和经济发展的需求等因素,将湘潭—湘乡、邵东、衡山—衡阳、永州等地带划分为新的潜在震源区     

根据凹陷中心的变化探讨青藏高原现代构造活动特征

本文通过对青藏高原北部地区分布的大量文化层，河流变迁等资料进行的分析对比，定了各盆地的现代凹陷中心，研究了该地区的现代构造活动特征及其与地震危险区的关系。这对拓宽烈度区划工作具有一定的参考意义。     

青海东部地区新生代构造应力场探讨

利用地质、地震、测量及地貌资料确定了青海东部地区的新构造应力场的主应力方向,自新第三纪以来,该区地壳构造应力场相对稳定,可能是印度板块与欧亚板块相互作用的结果。     

华北新构造分区与潜在震源划分问题

归纳了华北地区的新构造特征,划分了4个基本新构造类型和16个次级类型.给出了在新构造类型划分基础上进行新构造分区的5条原则和华北新构造分区的两级划分方案,共划分11个一级区和37个二级区.从潜在震源的新构造背景、分区边界、分区步骤等方面讨论了潜在震源与新构造区的关系.提出了在新构造区的基础上直接划分潜在震源的可行性与合理性.     

The pattern of the paleo- and present-day stresses of Northern Tien Shan

The study of neotectonic stresses of the North Tien Shan is carried out within the northern slopes of the Kyrgyz Ridge bordering the Chyua submontane depression. The purpose of the study was to reconstruct the neotectonic stresses from the geological indicators and to compare the obtained results with the data on the present-day stress state of this region. The work is based on the analysis of the field in situ data acquired in the expeditions in 2009 and 2011. For the first time for the Northern Tien Shan region, the general (averaged) neotectonic stresses, which are distinct between the uplifts and depressions, are reconstructed. The deformation of the positive topographic features at the recent tectonic stage takes place in the conditions of thrust faulting with the meriodional horizontal compression axis and subvertical tension axis, while deformation of the negative landforms is dominated by normal faulting with the vertical compression axis and northnortheast trending subhorizontal tension axis. Based on the field data, separate sites with different types of local stress tensors, which are determined by the Lode-Nadai parameter, are revealed. The neotectonic geodynamical regime within the depressions and uplifts and the variations in the type of the stress tensor agree with the characteristics of the present-day stress state reconstructed from seismological data.     

山西及邻区水系与黄土冲沟的分形几何学分析结果及其与构造活动的关系

本文用分形几何理论,对山西及邻区水系与黄土冲沟作了分析,发现水系与冲沟分维值的大小反映了该区构造活动性的强弱,分维值的分布定量地反映了区域构造活动的背景及各区域构造活动性的差异,在构造活动强的区域,分维值高,反之则低。按分维值的大小山西断陷带分成南中北三段,以中段介休-临汾一带的分维值及反映的构造活动性最强。该区分维值的分布及反映的构造活动性有从四周向中间增强的特点,增强区与强震的发生有关     

Impact of warmer climate on melt and evaporation for the rainfed, snowfed and glacierfed basins in the Himalayan region

The impact of warmer climate on melt and evaporation was studied for rainfed, snowfed and glacierfed basins located in the western Himalayan region. Hydrological processes were simulated under current climatic conditions using a conceptual hydrological model, which accounts for the rainfall–runoff, evaporation losses, snow and glacier melt. After simulations of daily observed streamflow (R²=0.90) for 6 years, the model was used to study the impact of warmer climate on melt and evaporation. Based on the future projected climatic scenarios in the study region, three temperature scenarios (T+1, T+2 and T+3 °C) were adopted for quantifying the effect of warmer climate. The comparison of the effect of warmer climate on different types of basins indicated that the increase in evaporation was the maximum for snowfed basins. For a T+2 °C scenario, the annual evaporation for the rainfed basins increased by about 12%, whereas for the snowfed basins it increased by about 24%. The high increase of the evaporation losses would reduce the runoff. It was found that under a warmer climate, melt was reduced from snowfed basins, but increased from glacierfed basins. For a T+2 °C scenario, annual melt was reduced by about 18% for the studied snowfed basin, while it increased by about 33% for the glacierfed basin. Thus, impact of warmer climate on the melt from the snowfed and glacierfed basins was opposite to each other. The study suggests that out of three types of basins, snowfed basins are more sensitive in terms of reduction in water availability due to a compound effect of increase in evaporation and decrease in melt. For a complex type of basin, the decrease in melt from seasonal snow may be counterbalanced by increase in melt from glaciers. However, on long-term basis, when the areal extent of glaciers will decrease due to higher melt rate, the water availability from the complex basins will be reduced.     

GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE SHULE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN QILIANSHAN AND ITS INSIGHT INTO TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

Because of the strong uplift of the Qilian Shan since late Cenozoic,the drainage basins that are derived from the mountains have undergone strong tectonic deformation.So the typical geomorphology characteristics of these drainage basins may indicate the strong tectonic movement in the region.For example,the Shule River drainage basin,which originates from the western part of the Qilian Shan owns unique geomorphology characteristics which may indicate the neotectonic movement. Stream networks of the Shule drainage basin extracted from the DEM data based on GIS spatial analysis technology are graded into five levels using Strahler classification method.Four sub-catchments,numbered 1,2,3 and 4 are chosen for detailed analysis.Furthermore,the four sub-catchments,the hypsometric integral curves,Hack profiles,SL index and average slope of the Shule drainage basin are determined by GIS tools.In addition,we analyzed the slope spectrum of the Shule drainage basin. The average elevation of the Shule drainage basin is very high,however,the slope of the drainage basin is very low,the gentle slope occupies so large area proportion that the slope spectrum shows a unimodal pattern and a peak value is in low slope region (0°~5°),so tectonic movement has a strong influence on the drainage basin.Under the intensive impact of the tectonic movement of the active fault and regional uplift,the hypsometric integral curve is sigmoid,revealing that the Shule drainage basin is in the mature stage.The Hack profile is on a convex,the longitudinal profile is best fitted by linear fitting and the abnormal data of the SL index of the Shule River has a good fit with the section through which the active fault traverses,that means the tectonic movement of the active fault has strong influence on the river's SL index.It is worth noting that lithologic factors also have great impact on the river geomorphology in some sections. According to the above analysis,we recognize that in the interior of active orogen,the evolution of river geomorphology usually is influenced by tectonic movement and reveals the regional neotectonics in turn.