淮北袁店煤矿101、102采区煤层底板突水危险性综合评价

为有效控制煤层底板带压开采突水发生,同时解决突水系数法评价底板突水的局限性,引入灰色模糊聚类法综合评价煤层底板突水危险性。以袁店煤矿101、102采区为例,通过对10煤层水文地质条件、底板充水水源和充水通道深入分析,提取评价煤层底板突水危险性关键指标,综合考虑岩溶裂隙发育、地质构造、隔水层厚度、裂隙含水层富水性、灰岩含水层厚度5个突水主控因素,并进行底板突水危险性分区。结果表明：101采区底板突水危险性较小,102采区危险性较大。建议对102采区局部富水地段进行注浆加固,以达到防治突水的目的。     

基于脆弱性指数法的韩城矿区11号煤层底板突水危险性评价

在全面分析韩城矿区地质与水文地质条件的基础上,应用相关因素分析方法,提出研究区煤层底板奥灰含水层突水的指标体系,并以多个典型煤矿为例,重点分析了受奥灰含水层威胁最严重的11号煤层底板突水的影响因素;构建了有效隔水层厚度、褶皱规模、含水层富水性、断层规模4个评价指标;采用脆弱性指数评价方法对11号煤层底板突水的危险性进行了分区。      

基于“三图-双预测法”的新疆准南煤田东沟煤矿B_6煤顶板突水危险性评价

新疆东沟井田首采的B_6煤层顶板隔水层厚度较薄且存在数十米的西山窑组孔隙裂隙砂岩含水层,煤层开采时导水裂隙带易导通含水层,发生突水事故。针对煤矿面临的顶板水害威胁,根据煤矿水文地质条件结合"三图-双预测法"的思路选择冲洗液消耗量、岩心采取率、岩石脆塑性比、含水层厚度、物探富水异常等作为主控因素;采用层次分析法建立层次分析模型,结合富水性指数法确定富水性分区;利用surfer进行插值分析、AHP建立的富水性指数模型,结合MapGis空间分析功能对评价区内B_6煤层顶板含水层的突水危险性进行分析预测。     

层次分析模型在“三图-双预测”法中的应用——以鹤岗矿区新陆煤矿为例

鹤岗矿区煤层开采的主要充水水源为顶板白垩系石头庙子组砾岩裂隙水。由于含水层富水性不均一、矿区构造发育,煤层开采时,发生顶板突水的危险较大。"三图-双预测法"为评价煤层顶板突水危险性的主要方法之一。在该方法的应用中,如何选择适当因素建立含水层富水性分区图是方法的关键所在。以鹤岗矿区的新陆煤矿为例,通过对井田水文地质条件的分析,选择与石头庙子组砾岩裂隙含水层富水性密切相关的单位涌水量、含水层厚度、构造密度、物探解释的富水异常区等7个因素,应用层次分析方法,建立了"三图-双预测法"主要图件——煤层顶板充水含水层富水性分区图,为"三图-双预测法"评价顶板涌(突)水危险性奠定了基础。     

邹庄井田水文地质条件分析研究

通过对井田内水文地质条件及可采煤层赋存情况的分析,对井田内含水层和隔水层进行了划分,并对各主要含、隔水层（组、段）的岩性、厚度、埋藏条件、分布规律及水位、水质、富水性和补给、径流、排泄条件及各含水层（组、段）之间的水力联系进行了详细阐述。分析研究了矿井的充水因素,指出在留设防水（砂）煤岩柱条件下,开采3～10煤层时,新生界第四含水层（组）为间接充水含水层,直接充水水源为二叠系主采煤层顶底板砂岩裂隙水;开采10煤层时,正常情况下太原组1灰距10煤底板较远,对开采10煤层无直接影响,但在由断层作用导致断层间距缩短或对口的部位有突水危险。此结果为矿井今后煤层开采过程中降低水害威胁、制定防治水对策提供了帮助。     

基于GIS的改进AHP型脆弱性指数法

AHP法是煤层底板突水预测预报的关键技术之一,但传统基于“1~9”标度的AHP法往往存在一致性效果不够理想等问题.通过对AHP法的改进研究,提出了基于“10/10~18/2”标度的改进AHP法型脆弱性指数法评价技术.以成庄矿3#、9#和15#煤层底板奥灰突水脆弱性评价为例,在建立各主控因素专题层图基础上,应用基于“10/10~18/2”新标度的改进AHP法,确定了各主控因素的权重;进一步建立了煤层底板奥灰突水的脆弱性评价模型,得出了各煤层脆弱性评价分区.研究表明,改进的AHP法构建的判断矩阵具有较好的一致性;通过与传统突水系数法评价结果对比可知,基于GIS的改进AHP型脆弱性指数法评价能够真实反映多因素影响下煤层底板突水的非线性动力过程,评价结果更为吻合实际.      

基于区间变权和未知测度理论的煤层底板突水危险性评价

随着华北型煤田开采深度不断增加,煤炭开采过程中的水文地质条件及突水主控因素日趋复杂多变,各主控因素与评价结果之间相互联系的模糊性和不确定性更加难以刻画,致使底板突水预测的难度精度不断增加。本文以某典型华北型煤田矿井为例,基于实际水文地质资料及钻探数据,充分考虑含水层水文地质特征、隔水层工程地质特征及软弱结构面发育特征,遴选含水层水压、单位涌水量、隔水层厚度、泥岩占比、岩体质量指数、层理面数量、构造复杂程度7个因子构建综合评价体系。利用组合赋权法及区间变权理论确定指标变权权重,并基于未知测度理论构建综合评价模型,对煤层底板突水危险性进行精细评价。与常权-未知测度理论、区间变权-物元可拓两种模型的评价结果对比显示,区间变权-未知测度理论的权重确定、隶属度计算更加合理,评价结果更加符合矿井地质条件及开采实际。井田范围内底板突水危险性为弱、较弱、较强、强的区域面积占比分别为2.26%,54.81%,38.05%,4.88%,底板突水危险性总体上较弱,危险性较强的区域集中在断层密集发育地带及隔水层薄弱区域。     

古叙石宝矿段C_(17)煤层底板突水危险性分析

通过对古叙矿区石宝矿段详查水文地质资料的综合分析,阐述了C17煤层开采的充水含水层的富水性,采用突水系数法分析了C17煤层的底板突水危险性,为下步矿段内井田勘探阶段水文地质工作方向提供参考。     

GIS的AHP型脆弱性指数法在李雅庄矿底板突水评价中的应用

山西霍州矿区李雅庄煤矿石炭系太原组K₂灰岩岩溶发育,加之区内断裂构造发育,水文地质条件较为复杂。为解决上组2号煤底板太灰突水评价难题,采用GIS的AHP型脆弱性指数法,首先建立煤层底板突水主控因素体系,并通过GIS对主控因素数据进行采集及归一化处理,建立子专题图层,然后运用AHP法确定各主控因素的权重比例,提出煤层底板突水脆弱性的分区方案。与传统突水系数法相比,脆弱性指数法能较为全面地反映不同区域的相对脆弱关系,其评价结果更实际、可靠。      

改进脆弱性指数法在煤矿底板突水评价中的应用

针对传统的AHP型脆弱性指数法在权重确定方面的不足,采用熵权法对其改进,将熵权法计算的客观权重与AHP法计算的主观权重进行加权平均,综合确定各主控因素诱发突水的权重比例。在综合分析长平煤矿水文地质资料的基础上,应用GIS建立主控因素专题图并进行归一化处理,运用基于GIS的改进AHP型脆弱性指数法确定各主控因素权重,建立井田西部3号煤底板奥灰突水危险性评价模型。利用自然间断点分级法确定了分区阈值,将研究区按突水危险性的相对大小分为5个区域。评价结果符合实际,对煤矿安全生产具有重要的现实意义。     

Application on Floor Water Inrush Evaluation Based on AHP Variation Coefficient Method with GIS

The prediction and prevention of floor water inrush is directly related to the safety of the coal mine production. The previous evaluation method of floor water inrush was more one-sided and lacked main control factors related to mining conditions. In order to evaluate the floor water inrush more accurately, under the project background of geological data of Wanglou coal mine, stope width, mining depth, fault scale index, water pressure, water abundance and thickness of aquifer were selected as main controlling factors of floor water inrush. Combined with the subjective weight analytical hierarchy process and the objective weight variation coefficient method, the weight coefficients corresponding to the main controlling factors were obtained respectively. The thematic map of the risk assessment of coal seam floor water inrush was drawn by combining the constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model and geographic information system. The results show that: ① according to the actual geological data of mine, two fault related factors were removed. And stope width and mining depth were increased as the main controlling factors to evaluate floor water inrush. It is easier to compare and calculate the weight of evaluation factors. ② The constructed comprehensive weight vulnerability index model can comprehensively evaluate the risk of floor water inrush. And the results of the evaluation are more accurate. ③ The related thematic maps can directly reflect the risk of floor water inrush, which is of guiding significance for the prediction and prevention of coal seam floor water inrush.     

关于突水系数的讨论

煤层底板突水在我国华北型煤田矿井采煤过程中经常发生。带压开采条件下,预测底板突水和评价突水危险程度的主要方法是突水系数法,但是关于突水系数计算、临界突水系数的确定等还存在一些值得讨论和研究的问题。在阐述带压开采和突水系数理论的基础上,给出了突水系数的各种计算公式及公式中有关参数确定方法,详细说明了临界突水系数的由来和应用条件,提出了计算突水系数的新公式。新公式不仅考虑了水压和隔水层厚度,而且考虑了底板破坏深度、导升高度和奥灰顶部隔水段等因素,为计算和统计分析确定突水系数新的临界值奠定了基础。      

A GIS-based method of risk assessment on no. 11 coal-floor water inrush from Ordovician limestone in Hancheng mining area,China

The no. 11 coal seam in the deep area of Hancheng mining area is mining in recent years, which is threatened by the water inrush from the Ordovician limestone aquifer. Coal-floor water inrush is governed by the water abundance of coal-floor aquifer, the water-resisting performance of coal-floor aquitard, and the pathway connecting the water source and the working face. To make an accuracy risk assessment of water inrush from the no. 11 coal seam floor, a GIS-based vulnerability index method (VIM) is adopted for its superior comprehensive consideration of more controlling factors, powerful spatial analysis, and intuitively display functions. This study firstly established an index system including the water pressure of the coal-floor aquifer, the unit water inflow, the thickness, the core recovery percentage, the thickness ratio of brittle rocks to ductile rocks, the thickness of effective aquitard, and the accumulated length of faults and folds, of which the former six indexes governed the water abundance of the coal-floor aquifer which was combined with the last two factors to determine the risk of coal-floor water inrush. Secondly, the thematic map of each controlling factor is established by GIS using the geological prospecting data, and the weight of each factor is determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) after consulting the expert review panel. At last, a vulnerability index is obtained and used to assess the risk of coal-floor water inrush of the no. 11 coal seam. The risk of water inrush of the no. 11 coal seam of the study area was ranked to three zones: the southeastern shallow area in red color is the dangerous zone, the wide northwestern area in green color is the safe zone, and the transition area in yellow color is the moderate-risk zone. Compared with the actual water-inrush incidents, the risk assessment result was verified to achieve an accuracy of 82.35%, which is proved to be a dependable reference for the prevention and controlling of coal-floor water inrush of the no. 11 coal seam in Hancheng mining area.     

Risk Assessment of Coal Floor Water Inrush from Underlying Aquifers Based on GRA–AHP and Its Application

Ground water inrush from underlying coal seam aquifers is a serious geohazard during coal mining in China. In order to effectively predict coal floor water inrush, the evaluation index system and evaluation standard for coal floor water inrush, containing quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes, is established on the base of conditions of aquifer and aquiclude, geologic structure and mining disturbance. Simultaneously, grey relational analysis and analytic hierarchy process are used to establish an evaluation model which efficiently overcomes the uncertainty between indexes of water inrush effects and really reflects the degree of importance for each index of water inrush effects. The model is applied to the typical working face of Yuzhou coalfield in the north of China to demonstrate the evaluation process. Compared to the water inrush coefficient method which is widely used for evaluating coal floor water inrush, the presented evaluation model in this paper accords more with the susceptibility of coal floor water inrush by multi-factor and is of nonlinear dynamic characteristics of highly complicated formation mechanism. This method offers a new tool in the assessment of ground water inrush in mine.     

基于EW-FAHP的煤层底板承压水突水危险评价

以平顶山十三矿己四采区底板灰岩的突水危险性评价为例,将熵权法(EW)和模糊层次分析法（FAHP）耦合在一起,确定了突水影响因素的权重,并建立了突水危险性评价模型。结果显示:十三矿己四采区二1煤底板标高-150~-350 m区域,不受底板灰岩水的影响,属于安全区;标高-350~-700 m 且不受断层影响的区域属于较安全区;标高-700 m以下及标高-350~-700 m且受断层影响的区域属于突水危险区。在前期突水资料少和数据量有限的条件下,EW-FAHP法能够较为客观地确定突水影响因素权重。     

邢台煤矿下组煤开采水文地质条件评价及突水危险性预测

为安全开采下组煤,详细分析了矿区奥灰水文地质条件,以研究煤层底板突水因素、突不机理为切入点,利用地理信息系统技术,对下组煤开采之前奥灰突水的危险性进行了预测,即可分为３个区（安全区、可能突水区、突水区）,同时提出下组煤先期开采的范围为－２１０ｍ水平以上范围。     

Study of a roof water inrush prediction model in shallow seam mining based on an analytic hierarchy process using a grey relational analysis method

Mining-induced water inrush is a sudden and destructive underground disaster caused by a mining disturbance. This disaster occurs frequently in the northern region of Shaanxi province in China due to overburden fractures in shallow seam mining, which pose a great threat to residents’ safety. It is therefore essential to construct an accurate prediction model. This study first applies selection hierarchy analysis to the main controlling factors of roof water inrush to study their weights using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) including five factors: surface water catchment features, wateriness of the aquifer, water-resistant characteristics of aquiclude, combined influence of overburden, and mining disturbance characteristics. The grey relational analysis (GRA) method is used to calculate the correlation degree of each water inrush. The AHP-GRA method presents a comprehensive evaluative model combining the advantages of both approaches to analyze mining safety. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of the roof water inrush prediction model in shallow seam mining are established. Secondly, risk prediction of roof water inrush points and comprehensive water inrush is determined using engineering examples from the Hanjiawan coal mine. Results indicate that during safety mining, water inflow data are consistent with our prediction, thereby substantiating the model’s accuracy and providing a new method for predicting roof water inrush in shallow seam mining.     

基于GIS的煤层底板突水脆弱性评价——以山西曹村井田为例

煤层底板突水因素众多,突水系数法作为传统的方法所能考虑的突水影响因素种类很有限,不能全面的描述煤层底板突水的复杂机理。为保障煤矿的安全生产,本文以底板突水脆弱性理论为基础,对曹村井田II^#煤层底板突水危险性进行评价,为煤矿今后的安全生产起指导作用。     

基于matlab的煤层底板突水预测系统

针对当前煤层底板突水预测存在的问题,在突水概率指数法预测预报系统的基础上,用matlab开发出了一套新型煤层底板突水预测系统软件。通过对地质、水文地质等信息数据进行分析处理,从而确定导致煤层底板突水的主控因素及次级影响因素,并分别赋予其相应的权重值,将各因素在底板突水中所起的作用定量化。特别是对于不同矿区不同控制因素的影响,其相应权重值的大小可以灵活改变。建立赋权求和数学模型,绘制出各个主要控制因素的专题图,并根据各个主要控制因素的不同权重值,叠合绘制出底板突水概率指数法突水分区图。同时计算出煤层底板突水概率指数。将系统软件应用于工程实际,预测效果与实际情况相吻合。