土-桩-钢结构-TLD系统振动台模型试验研究

通过系列振动台模型试验,研究土-结构相互作用对结构TLD减震控制影响。文中首先提出试验模型设计中应考虑的几个主要问题及解决方法,然后介绍土-桩基础-钢结构-TLD相互作用体系的试验成果,分析TLD的减震效果,最后与刚性地基上钢结构TLD减震试验结果相比较,揭示土-结构相互作用对TLD减震效率的影响特点。试验结果表明:土-结构相互作用使得TLD减震效率降低,这一削减作用受到输入地震动的频谱特性和强度的影响。因此,对于建在土层场地上的结构进行TLD减震设计时,应充分重视工程场地条件和地震动特性等实际情况。     

土-桩-钢结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验

本项试验是研究土-结构相互作用对结构TLD减震控制影响的系列振动台模型试验的组成部分,主要目的是提供相应的对比试验数据。在这组试验中,突出的问题是TLD、上部被控结构和土层三个子系统模型基频间的协调。为了尽可能降低土层模型基频,文中采用了一种具有低剪切波速特性的土层模拟介质。最后,通过土-桩-钢结构系统的振动台模型试验,研究了土-结构相互作用对钢结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。     

电磁耗能TMD结构减震效率的振动台试验研究

通过钢框架TMD减震的振动台模型试验，测试电磁耗能TMD新装置的减震耗能性能。大量试验结果表明：利用电磁涡流耗能原理的TMD新装置具有良好的结构减震效率。     

调谐液体阻尼器对高层结构抗震性能的影响分析

在高层结构中,调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)是结构被动控制的一种装置,在结构风振控制中得到了广泛的应用,但是在地震作用下TLD对高层结构的控制技术还不完善。通过Sap2000有限元软件建立了实际框架-核心筒模型,对TLD在地震作用下的影响因素进行动力时程分析,研究了质量比、频率比以及TLD作用位置对减震效果的影响规律。得出了在频率比和位置一定时,TLD的减震率随着质量比的增大而增大,在质量比大于3%之后,减震率将逐渐减小;在质量比和位置确定时,减震率随着频率比的增大呈现出类似正态分布的规律,在频率比为0.88左右时,减震率达到最大;在质量比和频率比一定时,将TLD放置在中间位置比放在其他位置的减震率要高,为今后高层结构的设计提供参考。     

基于等效力控制方法TLD减振结构振动台子结构试验

通常采用数值模拟和小比例尺试验的方法研究调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)对结构的减振控制效果。由于TLD依靠水的晃动来提供减振力,精确的数值模型不易建立;另外,振动台模型试验又只能进行小比例尺试验,难以真实反映原型结构性能。为了解决这个问题,提出基于等效力控制方法的振动台子结构试验方法,以真实揭示TLD减振控制结构的抗震性能。通过试验研究得到如下结论:(1)惯性试件的振动台子结构试验结果与精确解吻合很好,表明基于等效力控制方法振动台子结构试验具有很好的精度;(2)TLD减振控制三层钢框架系统的振动台全结构和子结构试验结果吻合较好,进一步证明了基于等效力控制方法振动台子结构试验具有很好的精度。     

铅芯橡胶支座隔震钢框架结构体系振动台模型试验研究

设计并完成了铅芯橡胶支座隔震钢框架结构体系的振动台模型试验,研究刚性地基上隔震结构体系的动力特性和隔震效果,为进一步开展考虑土-结构相互作用的隔震结构体系振动台模型试验提供数据对比。试验结果表明:刚性地基上隔震结构体系具有良好的隔震性能,隔震效果显著,输入地震动的频谱特性和加速度峰值对隔震结构的隔震效率影响较大。     

考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振型台模型试验研究

本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验，通过对四种结构形式的对比试验。探讨了土与结构相互作用（SSI）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：SS效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性，加速度峰值大小有关。由于SSI效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定了设计的TMD减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在生地基条件下影响减震控制效果的一些因素。     

考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验研究

本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验。通过对四种结构形式的对比试验，探讨了土与结构相互作用（ＳＳＩ）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：ＳＳＩ效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性、加速度峰值大小有关。由于ＳＳＩ效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定下设计的ＴＭＤ减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在柔性地基条件下影响结构减震控制效果的一些因素。     

山岭隧道洞口段设置减震层的振动台模型试验研究

为了解减震层在地震过程中对隧道衬砌及围岩仰坡动力响应的影响,针对山岭隧道洞口段开展振动台物理模型试验研究,模型试验按有无减震层分为两组工况。试验结果表明:减震层的存在可以有效减弱洞口段衬砌加速度与位移的放大效应,减弱围岩振动向衬砌的传递;衬砌的应变反应在设置减震层后明显减小,特别是应变反应较大的两侧拱肩和拱脚位置,减震层的设置使衬砌的动应变接近均匀,随着地震次数的增加,减震层并不会失效,减震效率反而会有所增强;而减震层的设置不能改变围岩的加速度反应,坡面随高程的放大效应依然明显,较易发生局部的滑塌破坏,特别是高位滑塌,但坡面均为浅层破坏,不会对衬砌产生附加荷载作用,但需要注意的是滑塌的围岩会掩埋洞口,将严重影响隧道的正常使用。     

高土石坝振动台模型试验理论、技术与应用

对土石坝振动台模型试验理论和技术进行系统阐述,提出基于原型和模型坝料静、动力特性试验的模型相似设计方法和不同强度地震动递进输入(白噪声微振-设计地震-校核地震-破坏试验)的振动试验方法。基于1g大型振动台和ng超重力离心机振动台设备性能现状,结合高土石坝的结构特点和动力试验相似模拟要求,对土石坝振动台模型试验的优势及局限进行深入讨论。结合已有的工程实践,对土石坝振动台模型试验在工程中的应用进行总结,并以某实际高面板堆石坝为例研究面板坝生命周期内经历多次地震情况下结构动力特性的演化规律。     

A model of tuned liquid damper for suppressing pitching motions of structures

A tuned liquid damper (TLD), which consists of rigid tanks partially filled by liquid, is a type of passive control device relying upon liquid sloshing forces or moments to change the dynamical properties and to dissipate vibrational energy of a structure. An analytical non-linear model is proposed for a TLD using rectangular tanks filled with shallow liquid under pitching vibration, utilizing a shallow water wave theory. The model includes the linear damping of the sloshing liquid, which is an important parameter in the study of a TLD as it affects the efficiency of the TLD. Shaking table experiments were conducted for verification; good agreement between the analytical simulations and the experimental results was observed in a small excitation amplitude range. The simulations of TLD-structure interaction by using the proposed model show that the TLD can efficiently suppress resonant pitching vibration of a structure. It is also found that the effectiveness of a TLD for suppressing the pitching vibration depends not only on the mass of liquid in the TLD but also on the configuration of the liquid as well as upon the position where the TLD is located. If the configuration of the liquid, i.e. the liquid depth and the TLD tank size, is designed suitably, the TLD can have a large suppressing moment and can be very effective even with a small mass of liquid.     

A STUDY ON VIBRATION REDUCTION IN HIGH-RISE STRUCTURES BY MULTI-TLDs

本文研究高层建筑利用调液阻尼器（ＴＬＤ）减小地震反应的方法。首先探讨了激励频率比、调谐频率比对减震效果的影响。在此基础上建立了具有不同ＴＬＤ设置方式的高层建筑体系的学模型和运动方程，首次提出了利用多个ＴＬＤ减小高层建筑多个振型的方法。最后通过数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Tuned liquid dampers simulation for earthquake response control of buildings

This paper is focused on the study of an earthquake protection system, the tuned liquid damper (TLD), which can, if adequately designed, reduce earthquake demands on buildings. This positive effect is accomplished taking into account the oscillation of the free surface of a fluid inside a tank (sloshing). The behaviour of an isolated TLD, subjected to a sinusoidal excitation at its base, with different displacement amplitudes, was studied by finite element analysis. The efficiency of the TLD in improving the seismic response of an existing building, representative of modern architecture buildings in southern European countries was also evaluated based on linear dynamic analyses.     

大连国贸大厦高层水箱风振控制研究及应用

本文针对一实际工程结构———大连国贸大厦,研究了风荷载作用下调液阻尼器的减振控制作用。首先建立了该结构的简化计算模型,利用Davenport谱给出了模拟风荷载。在大厦所处位置进行多次测量,得到实际风速样本。选取其中风速较大、过程平稳的样本,对实测样本和模拟样本的频谱进行比较,验证了模拟风荷载的合理性。文中将大厦顶层的生活水箱设计成可减小结构位移及加速度反应的控制装置TLD(tuned liqu id damper),根据不同工况进行数值计算,选出最佳方案,设计出可实际应用、并达到一定减振效果的减振水箱,以提高大厦在风荷载作用下的舒适度。     

Control performance comparison between tuned liquid damper and tuned liquid column damper using real-time hybrid simulation

Tuned liquid damper(TLD) and tuned liquid column damper(TLCD) are two types of passive control devices that are widely used in structural control. In this study, a real-time hybrid simulation(RTHS) technique is employed to investigate the difference in control performance between TLD and TLCD. A series of RTHSs is presented with the premise of the same liquid length, mass ratio, and structural parameters. Herein, TLD and TLCD are physically experimented, and controlled structures are numerically simulated. Then, parametric studies are performed to further evaluate the different performance between TLD and TLCD. Experimental results demonstrate that TLD is more effective than TLCD under different amplitude excitations.     

土-结构动力相互作用对结构控制的影响

本文研究了土-结构动力相互作用对采取不同控制措施的结构控制效果的影响。文中首先建立了主动调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD)、半主动磁流变阻尼器(MR)和被动多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)等三种结构控制措施在时域中的控制算法和控制律，然后基于子结构法，采用间接边界元方法，通过傅里叶变换，推导了分别安装三种结构控制措施的受控结构在频域中的运动方程，数值仿真分析了某36层高层建筑的地震反应及其控制效果。结果表明，当采用ATMD或MTMD控制时，考虑土-结构动力相互作用后结构地震反应有所减小；当采用MR控制时，考虑土-结构动力相互作用后结构地震反应有很大程度的减小。由此看来，在设计软土地基上高层结构的结构控制措施时，不考虑土-结构动力相互作用对结构控制效果的影响是偏于安全的。     

利用调液阻尼器减振的结构控制研究进展

调液阻尼器（ＴＬＤ）是一种新型而有效的结构减振装置。本文论述了这方面研究及应用的进展情况，内容包括：一、ＴＬＤ的优越性和发展历史；二、理论计算模型；三、试验研究；四、ＴＬＤ在实际结构中的应用及测试；五、值得进一步探讨的问题。     

Optimal design and effectiveness evaluation for inerter-based devices on mitigating seismic responses of base isolated structures

The optimal design and effectiveness of three control systems, tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD), tuned inerter damper(TID) and tuned mass damper(TMD), on mitigating the seismic responses of base isolated structures, were systematically studied. First, the seismic responses of the base isolated structure with each control system under white noise excitation were obtained. Then, the structural parameter optimizations of the TVMD, TID and TMD were conducted by using three different objectives. The results show that the three control systems were all effective in minimizing the root mean square value of seismic responses, including the base shear of the BIS, the absolute acceleration of structural SDOF, and the relative displacement between the base isolation floor and the foundation. Finally, considering the superstructure as a structural MDOF, a series of time history analyses were performed to investigate the effectiveness and activation sensitivity of the three control systems under far field and near fault seismic excitations. The results show that the effectiveness of TID and TMD with optimized parameters on mitigating the seismic responses of base isolated structures increased as the mass ratio increases, and the effectiveness of TID was always better than TMD with the same mass ratio. The TVMD with a lower mass ratio was more efficient in reducing the seismic response than the TID and TMD. Furthermore, the TVMD, when compared with TMD and TID, had better activation sensitivity and a smaller stroke.     

Tuned liquid dampers for controlling earthquake response of structures

Numerical simulations of a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structure, rigidly supporting a tuned liquid damper (TLD) and subjected to both real and artificially generated earthquake ground motions, show that a properly designed TLD can significantly reduce the structure's response to these motions. The TLD is a rigid, rectangular tank with shallow water in it. Its fundamental linear sloshing frequency is tuned to the structure's natural frequency. The TLD is more effective in reducing structural response as the ground excitation level increases. This is because it then dissipates more energy due to sloshing and wave breaking. A larger water‐depth to tank‐length ratio than previous studies suggested, which still falls within the constraint of shallow water theory, is shown to be more suitable for excitation levels expected in strong earthquake motions. A larger water‐mass to structure‐mass ratio is shown to be required for a TLD to remain equally effective as structural damping increases. Furthermore, the reduction in response is seen to be fairly insensitive to the bandwidth of the ground motion but is dependent on the structure's natural frequency relative to the significant ground frequencies. Finally, a practical approach is suggested for the design of a TLD to control earthquake response. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.