安徽暖季对流活动的雷达气候学特征及影响因素

为了解安徽地区暖季对流活动的雷达气候学特征,利用多普勒天气雷达拼图资料和ERA5再分析资料,统计分析了2015—2020年安徽省暖季(5—9月)对流活动雷达回波的气候学特征及影响因素。结果表明：(1)安徽暖季对流活动存在显著月际变化和区域差异。对流在江淮梅雨期的6—7月活动最频繁,5、8月次之,9月最少。6、7月对流数量大值区分布呈西南—东北走向。(2)安徽夏季(6—8月)对流数量日变化呈午后主峰和清晨次峰的双峰特征。其中6月对流活动峰值出现于清晨,与夜间到清晨上游地区低空西南气流加强导致安徽地区水汽通量辐合增强有关。7月对流活动主峰出现于午后,清晨为次峰,其中主峰对流活动持续时间更长,这与7月安徽午后对流有效位能明显增强有关,清晨出现次峰的原因同6月类似,但强度弱于6月。8月对流活动特征为午后单一峰值,日变化幅度最显著,为典型的午后热对流型。     

基于动态模板函数的线状中尺度对流系统自动识别

在中尺度对流系统(mesoscale convective systems,MCSs)自动识别、跟踪基础上,根据拟合椭圆长轴设计动态模板和得分函数,完成了雷达拼图资料上的线状MCSs自动识别。并利用不同类型中尺度天气过程对算法进行检验,分析结果表明:(1)算法能够实现对线状MCSs的自动识别,由于对流系统分裂与合并造成的回波形态"突变",得分值结果能得到较好的反映;(2)算法能够实现对线状MCSs天气的跟踪,一般情况下跟踪效果较好,在分裂或者合并发生的时刻跟踪效果较差。     

中尺度地形对梅雨锋暴雨影响的个例研究

利用多种观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析了2007年7月9—10日皖南特大暴雨过程中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的活动特征及其引发暴雨的天气背景和环境场特征,探讨了大别山和皖南山区中尺度地形对MCSs活动和暴雨形成的影响,并通过高分辨率的数值模拟、地形敏感性试验和对比分析,进一步研究了中尺度地形对MCSs活动及其降水的影响。结果表明,此次强降水过程形成的2个暴雨中心分别位于大别山东北侧和皖南山区北部,期间有4个MCSs活动,皖南特大暴雨是由2个准静止MCSs活动造成的。MCSs具有明显的日变化特征,在清晨出现日峰值,梅雨锋中低层辐合和高层辐散是MCSs形成和发展的主要原因之一。在梅雨锋东移南压的过程中,MCSs相对于中尺度地形的位置在不断地发生变化,地形上空盛行气流方向以及地形Fw数也在不断变化,地形通过不同的动力机制影响MCSs。高地形Fw数下,大别山主要通过山脉波影响下游的MCSs;低地形Fw数下,地形绕流和山脉波共同影响下游的MCSs活动。当MCSs移近皖南山区北坡时,地形有利于MCSs的形成和维持,其阻滞效应可减缓MCSs的移动,有利于皖南特大暴雨的形成。大别山和皖南山区中尺度地形对暴雨强度和分布有明显的影响,其构成的中尺度组合地形效应是皖南特大暴雨形成的重要原因。     

冬、夏季热带及副热带穿透性对流气候特征分析

文中利用热带测雨卫星 (TRMM) 搭载的测雨雷达 (PR) 1998~2007年的探测结果, 就热带及副热带地区穿透性对流的频次、条件降水强度及垂直廓线等特征进行了分析。研究结果表明: 深对流和穿透性对流都主要发生在热带辐合带 ( ITCZ)、南太平洋辐合带 (SPCZ)、亚洲季风区、20°N以南的非洲以及美洲等地区, 它们的空间分布具有明显的地域性和季节变化特征, 而且陆地深对流更容易发展成为穿透性对流, 但绝大部分地区的穿透性对流频次不超过0.2%。对穿透性对流条件降水强度的分析表明, 热带及副热带大部分地区的穿透性对流条件降水强度在10 mm/h以上, 且洋面的条件降水强度要比陆地大, 但由于其频次较小导致其对总降水的贡献并不大。尽管深对流和穿透性对流降水廓线的外形比较相似, 但相同的高度, 深对流的降水强度要比穿透性对流偏小, 而且这种差异随海陆和纬度的不同而有所区别。此外, 热带地区 (15°S~15°N) 冬、夏季深对流和穿透性对流降水廓线都只存在较小差异, 并没有显示出明显的季节变化。     

2003年夏季OLR特征及与中国异常天气的关系

利用NOAA卫星观测的多年平均OLR及2003年的OLR资料,分析了2003年夏季OLR场的异常特征及其与2003年中国夏季异常天气的关系。结果表明,2003年夏季在60～150°E范围内热带辐合带(ITCZ)主要分布在赤道以北的阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾到南海地区,其中孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海地区的对流较常年偏强,而南海地区的对流较常年的偏弱;菲律宾以东洋面的OLR场数值异常偏高,对流活动异常不活跃,这是2003年台风异常偏少的主要原因;OLR大于250W·m-2的区域所表征的西太平洋副热带高压与常年相比,表现为南北活动相对稳定、东西出现振荡、强度偏强的特征,这是2003年南方持续高温酷暑天气的主要原因之一。     

基于星载测雨雷达探测的亚洲对流和层云降水季尺度特征分析

利用热带测雨卫星搭载的测雨雷达10年探测结果,就季尺度亚洲对流降水和层云降水的降水频次和强度及降水垂直结构的特点进行了研究.结果表明春、秋、冬三季东亚季平均降水环西太平洋副热带高压呈带状分布,雨强一般不超过10 mm/d;夏季,沿孟加拉湾、中国西南、中国东部至日本的大片雨区中出现了大于12 mm/d强降水;亚洲陆面对流和层云降水强度均弱于洋面.亚洲山地强迫不但可引起迎风坡上千公里长度的高降水频次和强降水带,而且导致其下风方向降水频次减少.季尺度降水频次分析表明,亚洲大部分地区对流降水频次小于3%;而层云降水频次一般大于3%,最高可超过10%;副热带高压南侧及西南侧的热带地区对流和层云降水频次均高于副热带高压北侧及西北侧的中纬度地区;降水频次的区域分布还表明,春季中南半岛至中国华南及南海南部对流活动多于同期的印度次大陆.季平均对流和层云降水廓线的季节变化主要表现为"雨顶"高度的季节变化,即降水云的厚度变化;两类降水平均廓线季节变化的区域性差异表明,热带外地区较热带地区显著、陆面较同纬度洋面显著、孟加拉湾比南海显著,而南海和西太平洋暖池无明显的季节变化.此外,降水结构的剖面分析还表明对流降水存在4层结构、层云降水存在3层结构.     

青藏高原与东亚地区暖季MCSs统计特征的对比分析

利用1996-2010年逐时红外云顶亮温(TBB)数据,对青藏高原(下称高原)和东亚地区暖季(3-9月)中尺度对流系统(MCSs)进行了普查,获得MCSs各项特征数据集;结合CMORPH降水资料对MCSs降水特征进行了分析,在此基础上又对高原和东亚地区的MCSs特征进行了对比分析.结果表明:(1)高原是东亚地区MCSs高频发生区域,高原MCSs的平均发生频次远高于东亚25°N以北地区,是东亚25°N以北地区唯一的MCSs活动高频区.高原腹地是高原地区MCSs发生的高频区,在31°N,88°E附近MCSs的发生频次最高.(2)高原地区 MCSs分布有明显的月际变化,春季主要出现在高原北部,夏季主要出现在高原中东部和南部.高原地区MCSs的月际变化特征与东亚地区基本一致,东亚夏季风是其月际变化的重要影响因子.(3)高原地区MCSs存在明显的单峰型日变化特征,但春、夏季日变化特征略有不同,高原MCSs的日变化较东亚地区更为显著.(4)高原地区MCSs的降水频次为5.6％,降水贡献率为10.1％,最大降水频次为12％,最大降水贡献率为27％;与东亚地区相比,高原的MCSs降水偏小.(5)高原地区的MCSs大多为向东移动且移速缓慢以及短生命史的MβCS,平均生命史为4.6h,平均面积约为11.2×10-1km2,平均移速为31.5 km·h-1,东移的MCSs占59.4％;与整个东亚地区的MCSs相比,高原的MCSs面积和尺度都较小,生命史略短且移速慢,云顶平均TBB和平均最低TBB均偏高.     

基于雷达回波的贵阳地区对流性降水特征分析

为了深入理解贵阳地区对流性降水的时空分布特征,本文利用贵州省贵阳站2014—2016年5—8月CINRAD/CD回波资料,首先挑选出符合对流性降水回波特征的551个样本,然后从对流性降水的回波形态、发生频次、位置、日变化、生命史以及大尺度环境场六个方面进行统计与分析。结果表明:对流性降水回波形态可分为单体型、线状型和区域型,其中线状型接近50%,是贵阳地区最常见的对流组织形式;与线状型和区域型相比,单体型对流生命史最短且局地性特征明显;超过七成对流性降水发生在西南涡或西南气流存在的天气背景下;对流多发生在贵阳市西南和东南面,而北面最少;对流初始时刻存在午后和午夜两个峰值区。最后,还以三类对流性降水过程为例,对比分析其生消过程、降水范围和强度等特点。     

鄂东北一次特大暴雨过程的两个中尺度对流系统分析

利用GFS再分析资料、常规及非常规观测资料,对比分析了2012年7月12—13日鄂东北特大暴雨中两个连续发生的MCSs(下面分别称为MCS1和MCS2)天气背景、雷达回波特征和地面中尺度系统演变,归纳了MCSs成熟阶段准静止—后向传播结构模型,结果表明:(1)东北冷涡的发展、西风低槽的缓慢东移及副热带高压的稳定导致南北气流长时间交汇于江淮流域形成梅雨锋切变和夜间低空急流的发展,是两个MCSs形成的有利大尺度背景条件。MCS1发生于中层梅雨锋前倾结构下;MCS2则是发展加强于低层梅雨锋切变上。(2)MCS1比MCS2的"冷池"更深厚,与环境温差更大,对流触发更剧烈,但"冷池"运动方向与MCSs传播方向均一致。(3)两个MCSs都出现了后向传播特征,前者可能与大别山脉对冷池的阻挡有关,后者可能与对流更易在不稳定区触发相关;成熟阶段时,MCSs因后向传播,移动缓慢甚至准静止,降水最强。(4)在回波结构上,MCS1向前传播时新生、成熟、消亡单体沿回波长轴自下风方向上风方排列,MCS1及MCS2后向传播时则反之。     

长江中下游地区梅雨期线状中尺度对流系统分析Ⅰ：组织类型特征

利用2010年6—7月长江流域雷达拼图和观测资料,统计分析了长江中下游地区梅雨期中尺度对流系统的类型和活动特征。结果表明,长江中下游地区梅雨期线状中尺度对流系统发生个数比非线状中尺度对流系统发生个数略多,存在8类典型的线状中尺度对流系统:尾随层状降水中尺度对流系统(TS)、准静止后向建立中尺度对流系统(BB)、邻接层状单向发展中尺度对流系统(TL/AS)、前导层状降水中尺度对流系统(LS)、平行层状降水中尺度对流系统(PS)、断裂线状中尺度对流系统(BL)、镶嵌线状中尺度对流系统(EL)、长带层状降水中尺度对流系统(LL)。其中,有6类和已有的研究结果类似,EL中尺度对流系统和LL中尺度对流系统是长江流域梅雨期新统计的两类线状中尺度对流系统。TS、LS、PS和BL等4类中尺度对流系统是移动性的,TL/AS、BB、EL和LL类中尺度对流系统为移动缓慢相对静止的。线状中尺度对流系统平均持续时间大多数在7h以上,TL/AS和TS类持续时间较长。线状中尺度对流系统多形成在长江两岸附近,重庆北部至鄂西沿江地带、江汉平原地区、皖南和赣北地区、大别山地区是中尺度对流系统的多发地;中尺度对流系统移动路径分为东、东偏北、东偏南、南等4种,这与环境场的引导气流有关。长江中下游地区中尺度对流系统发展阶段日变化呈现多峰型特征,在成熟阶段的下午至夜间发生强降水的概率明显大于凌晨至上午。     

水汽含量对飑线组织结构和强度影响的数值试验

利用2009年6月3～4日一次产生大风、冰雹强对流天气的飑线个例进行数值试验,研究整层水汽含量及其垂直分布对中尺度对流系统的发生发展过程、组织类型和强度等的影响。本文的试验表明环境场中不同的水汽含量和垂直分布,会影响下沉气流和冷池的强度,从而影响对流的组织形态、维持时间和强度。整层水汽试验表明,增加（减少）水汽,对流增强（减弱）,冷池和雷暴高压增强（减弱）导致大风增强（减弱）。增加水汽越多发展阶段冷池强度越强,最大风速越强,但成熟阶段后期冷池减弱的越快,层状云区的后部入流减弱,不利于雷暴大风的出现和维持。不同层次水汽试验表明,在保持整层水汽含量不变的情况下,线状对流和雷暴大风易发生在中层干、下层湿的环境中,这种层结条件对雷暴高压的增强有重要作用,但不利于整个对流系统的长时间维持。     

湖北三类组织形态强对流系统造成的地面强对流大风特征

利用湖北省2012~2017年区域自动站、天气雷达和周边探空站观测资料,对三类不同组织形态的中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System, MCS)(线性MCS、非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴)造成的地面强风(极大风速≥17 m/s)的时空分布、移动与传播、对流环境特征等方面进行了统计对比分析,并结合个例讨论了地面入流大风的成因及其对对流系统发展、组织的影响。结果表明:(1)大量的非线性MCS可能是由更早发生在山区和丘陵的孤立对流风暴向平原地区移动过程中组织形成的,孤立对流风暴造成的地面大风出现的峰值时间在17:00(北京时,下同)前后,非线性MCS地面大风的峰值时间在19:00左右;线性MCS造成的强对流大风主要出现在平原地区。(2)非线性MCS和孤立对流风暴是造成湖北省地面大风的主导系统,其中,非线性MCS造成的地面大风站次数占强对流大风站次总数的41.9%,而39.3%的地面强对流大风站次是由孤立对流风暴造成的。(3)虽然大于17 m/s的地面入流大风占所有强对流大风的比例很小,但存在地面入流大风的强对流系统的影响范围、持续时间均远大于同一类型对流系统的平均值。基于一次长生命史线性MCS(飑线)造成强对流大风事件的分析表明:雷暴系统前侧的地面入流大风是由对流强烈发展造成,这支暖湿入流又进一步增强了对流风暴的发展,同时地面入流大风的形成进一步加强了垂直风切变,因而强的地面入流更有利于对流系统的组织化发展。(4)虽然暖季强对流系统的平均引导气流均以西南风为主,但线性MCS主要自西向东移动、非线性MCS以自西南向东北移动为主、孤立对流风暴的移动方向则更具多样性,也更易出现后向传播现象。孤立对流风暴相对组织化的强对流系统而言,往往发生在更不稳定或更干的层结大气中,且环境垂直风切变更弱、风速更小。     

Modes of Mesoscale Convective System Organization During Meiyu Season over the Yangtze River Basin

Mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） are classified and investigated through a statistical analysis of composite radar reflectivity data and station observations during June and July 2010-2012. The number of linear-mode MCSs is slightly larger than the number of nonlinear-mode MCSs. Eight types of linear-mode MCSs are identified： trailing stratiform MCSs （TS）, leading stratiform MCSs （LS）, training line/adjoining stratiform MCSs （TL/AS）, back-building/quasi-stationary MCSs （BB）, parallel stratiform MCSs （PS）, bro- ken line MCSs （BL）, embedded line MCSs （EL）, and long line MCSs （LL）. Six of these types have been identified in previous studies, but EL and LL MCSs are described for the first time by this study. TS, LS, PS, and BL MCSs are all moving systems, while TL/AS, BB, EL, and LL MCSs are quasi-stationary. The average duration of linear-mode MCSs is more than 7 h. TL/AS and TS MCSs typically have the longest durations. Linear-mode MCSs often develop close to the Yangtze River, especially over low-lying areas and river valleys. The diurnal cycle of MCS initiation over the Yangtze River valley contains multiple peaks. The vertical distribution of environmental wind is decomposed into storm-relative perpendicular and parallel wind components. The environmental wind field is a key factor in determining the organizational mode of a linear-mode MCS.     

A Case Study of the Initiation of Parallel Convective Lines Back-Building from the South Side of a Mei-yu Front over Complex Terrain

Parallel back-building convective lines are often observed extending to the southwest of some mesoscale convective systems(MCSs)embedded in the mei-yu front in China.The convective lines with echo training behavior can quickly develop into a stronger convective group of echoes,resulting in locally heavy rainfall within the mei-yu front rainband.The initiation mechanism of the back-building convective lines is still unclear and is studied based on high-resolution numerical simulation of a case that occurred during 27?28 June 2013.In the present case,the new convection along the convective lines was found to be forced by nonuniform interaction between the cold outflow associated with the mei-yu front MCSs and the warm southerly airflow on the south side of the mei-yu front,which both are modified by local terrain.The mei-yu front MCSs evolved from the western to the eastern side of a basin surrounded by several mesoscale mountains and induced cold outflow centered over the eastern part of the basin.The strong southwest airflow ahead of the mei-yu front passed the Nanling Mountains and impacted the cold outflow within the basin.The nonuniform interaction led to the first stage of parallel convective line formation,in which the low mountains along the boundary of the two airflows enhanced the heterogeneity of their interaction.Subsequently,the convective group quickly developed from the first stage convective lines resulted in apparent precipitation cooling that enhanced the cold outflow and made the cold outflow a sharp southward windshift.The enhanced cold outflow pushed the warm southerly airflow southward and impacted the mountains on the southeast side of the basin,where the roughly parallel mountain valleys or gaps play a controlling role in a second stage formation of parallel convective lines.     

季风槽环境中暴雨中尺度对流系统的分析与数值预报试验

应用地面降水观测资料、卫星云图、雷达回波以及NCEP再分析资料,对华南沿海受季风槽影响下发生的一次持续性暴雨的中尺度对流系统（MCS）进行分析,并探讨采用数值模式对中尺度对流系统降水进行预报的可能性。分析表明,暴雨由多个相继发展的中尺度对流系统造成。在相似环境中,不同中尺度对流系统发展形态和水平尺度有较大差异,最大可组织发展成α中尺度对流复合体（MCC）,但一般为β中尺度线状或带状对流系统。对其中发展形态分别表现为椭圆形中尺度对流复合体（MCS-2）和带状β中尺度对流系统（MCS-4）的对比分析发现,对流的起始发展均发生在夜间,与季风槽中低空急流的南风脉动有良好对应关系。基于临近探空资料的诊断发现,被认为对中尺度对流系统组织发展有指示作用的关键物理量如对流有效位能（CAPE）和风垂直切变难以区分不同中尺度对流系统的发展形态和趋势,探空资料的代表性将影响诸如“配料法”等暴雨客观预报方法的建立和应用。利用华南区域中心GRAPES（GRAPES_GZ）数值模式对两个中尺度对流系统进行的模拟预报结果表明,采用数值模式对中尺度对流系统降水进行显式预报已成为可能。比较而言,3 km水平分辨率模式可以更好地预报出暴雨的发生,但结果对是否调用对流参数化（CP）方案敏感。尽管不依靠对流参数化方案模式能够较好地预报出中尺度对流系统初始降水的发生,但会过度预报发展成熟后的降水。模式中如何描述中尺度对流系统对流的组织发展机制、如何处理对流参数化方案的“灰色区分辨率”问题需要仔细考虑。      

Asymmetric distribution of convection in tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific Ocean

Forecasts of the intensity and quantitative precipitation of tropical cyclones(TCs) are generally inaccurate, because the strength and structure of a TC show a complicated spatiotemporal pattern and are affected by various factors. Among these, asymmetric convection plays an important role. This study investigates the asymmetric distribution of convection in TCs over the western North Pacific during the period 2005–2012, based on data obtained from the Feng Yun 2(FY2)geostationary satellite. The asymmetric distributions of the incidence, intensity and morphology of convections are analyzed.Results show that the PDFs of the convection occurrence curve to the azimuth are sinusoidal. The rear-left quadrant relative to TC motion shows the highest occurrence rate of convection, while the front-right quadrant has the lowest. In terms of intensity, weak convections are favored in the front-left of a TC at large distances, whereas strong convections are more likely to appear to the rear-right of a TC within a 300 km range. More than 70% of all MCSs examined here are elongated systems, and meso-β enlongated convective systems(MβECSs) are the most dominant type observed in the outer region of a TC. Smaller MCSs tend to be more concentrated near the center of a TC. While semi-circular MCSs [MβCCSs, MCCs(mesoscale convective complexes)] show a high incidence rate to the rear of a TC, elongated MCSs [MβECSs, PECSs(persistent elongated convective systems)] are more likely to appear in the rear-right quadrant of a TC within a range of 400 km.     

A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998Part I: Analysis of Large-Scale Fields for Occurrence and Development of the Mesoscale Convective Systems

1. Introduction China is located in the East Asian monsoon re- gion. Every year's weather and climate in this region is deeply affected by the monsoon activities. Es- pecially, during flooding season (May to September), the summer monsoon controls large-scale precipitation patterns, the movement of seasonal rain belt and oc- currence of drought/flood disasters. The Asian mon- soon can be divided into two systems (Tao and Chen, 1987). As a major component and its unique location, the South …     

A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998 Part Ⅰ: Analysis of Large-Scale Fields for Occurrence and Development of the Mesoscale Convective Systems

The summer monsoon onset over the northern South China Sea (SCS) in May 16-20, 1998 was characterized by the abrupt onset of mesoscale convective activities and rapid increase of precipitation. The possible mechanism for formation of the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and related rain belts were revealed through discussing their forming physical conditions under the large-scale background: (1) The high pseudo-equivalent potential temperature and the convective instability in the lower troposphere, the low-level southwesterly confluence and the high-level divergence over South China and the northern SCS provided the favorable large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions for development of MCSs. The southwesterly flow from the Bay of Bengal (BOB) interacted with that to the western flank of the subtropical high, which constituted the major moisture channels, thus bringing about deep wet layers and strong moisture convergence;(2) triggered by several cold troughs from high and mid latitudes, the convectively unstable energy was released and the convective activities over the northern SCS broke out abruptly;(3)analysis of retrieved precipitation based on the dual-Doppler radar during South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) indicated that active convection influenced by the monsoon trough and corresponding wind shear line organized and formed continually some mesoscale convective rainbelts. During May 15-19,about 12 precipitation processes with 6-12-hour life span or more were observed;and (4) under the favorable synoptic conditions, establishment of the monsoon trough and shear line in the low levels, as well as production and development of mesoscale low vortex were all necessary conditions for the formation and maintenance of MCSs.     

The contribution of mesoscale convective systems to intense hourly precipitation events during the warm seasons over central East China

Central East China is an area where both intense hourly precipitation(IHP) events and mesoscale convection systems(MCSs) occur frequently in the warm seasons. Based on mosaics of composite Doppler radar reflectivity and hourly precipitation data during the warm seasons(May to September) from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2011, the contribution of MCSs to IHP events exceeding 20 mm h~(-1) over central East China was evaluated. An MCS was defined as a continuous or quasicontinuous band of 40d BZ reflectivity that extended for at least 100 km in at least one direction and lasted for at least 3h. It was found that the contribution of MCSs to IHP events was 45% on average over central East China. The largest contribution,more than 80%, was observed along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and in the Yangtze River–Huaihe River valleys.These regions were the source regions of MCSs, or along the frequent tracks of MCSs. There were two daily peaks in the numbers of IHP events: one in the late afternoon and one in the early morning. These peaks were more pronounced in July than in other months. MCSs contributed more to the early-morning IHP event peaks than to the late-afternoon peaks. The contributions of MCSs to IHP events with different intensities exhibited no significant difference, which fluctuated around 50% on average over central East China.     

一个长生命期准静止中尺度对流系统的观测特征及其持续的环境条件

2010年5月31日至6月1日华南特大暴雨过程经历了三次集中降水期,共有4次MCS（Mesoscale Convective Systems）演变过程,其中一个TL/AS MCS（Training Line/Adjoining Stratiform Mesoscale Convective System,邻接层状单向发展的中尺度对流系统）在广西壮族自治区中部准静止地维持了10多个小时,导致了多个观测站出现极端强降水。用观测资料和数值模拟结果重点探讨了该TL/AS MCS的观测特征及其发展持续的环境条件。结果表明,准静止TL/AS MCS发展在一个高空强辐散、低空气旋性汇合环流的天气尺度环境中,TL/AS MCS维持期间热力环境特征表现为对流层中低层持续高湿近饱和态、偏中性层结、合适的对流有效位能和极小的对流抑制能量。在对流层中低层,低空急流的加强发展维持与对流层中层相对弱的环境风形成了风垂直切变随高度呈现强逆转,近地层风垂直切变垂直于对流线的分量大,而在中层风垂直切变平行于对流线的分量占绝对优势,风切变特征可能是TL/AS MCS 准静止的原因;低空急流和中层环流的相互作用、对流层动力和热力条件有利于强上升运动的长时间维持与发展,不断触发新对流从而组织成一个长生命期准静止的TL/AS MCS