Geochemistry of the Middle to Late Permian limestones from the marginal zone of an isolated platform (Laibin, South China)

Major, trace and rare earth elements were measured in 27 samples of the Middle to Late Permian limestones from the Tieqiao section located on the marginal zone of an isolated platform (Laibin, South China). Shale-normalized REE+Y patterns of all samples show notably negative Ce anomalies (0.21–0.66, average 0.33), slightly positive Gd anomalies (1.08–1.30, average 1.20), and positive Y anomalies with superchondritic Y/Ho ratios (36–91, average 55), which are consistent with those of modern shallow seawater. Their relative LREEs enrichment with higher Nd_SN/Yb_SN ratios (0.58–1.80) than those of modern shallow seawater (0.21–0.50) suggests complicated sources of REEs for all samples. Compared with geochemical features of sediments influenced by terrigenous particles and hydrothermal fluids, it is concluded that ambient shallow seawater was the primary source of REEs in these limestones. Comparing the indicators of REE+Y elements (ΣREE, Nd_SN/Yb_SN, Ce/Ce*, Gd/Gd*, Eu/Eu* and Y/Ho) in limestones with those in bedded cherts from the Tieqiao section, we consider that limestone and bedded chert have similar sources of REE+Y elements: ambient shallow seawater with more or less hydrothermal fluids. In addition, there is a completely negative correlation between CaCO₃ and SiO₂ contents in limestones and bedded cherts. These results imply that precipitation of CaCO₃ was inhibited by that of SiO₂ which was derived mainly from hydrothermal fluid, especially in bedded cherts from the Tieqiao section.     

Anomalous Gadolinium,Cerium, and Yttrium Contents in the Adige and Isarco River Waters and in the Water of Their Tributaries (Provinces Trento and Bolzano/Bozen,NE Italy)

Rare earth patterns of surface and groundwaters near big cities often show anthropogenic Gd (Gd_ant) anomalies in addition to geogenic Ce and Y anomalies. The Gd_ant anomaly is caused by very stable organic complexes, one of which is gadopentetic acid, Gd‐DTPA. Derivatives of this and similar compounds are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human blood system. The organic Gd complexes are stable enough to pass nearly unaffected through sewage treatment plants and are, thereafter, discharged into surface water systems. Water of the rapidly flowing Isarco/Eisack and Adige/Etsch rivers (Provinces of Trento and Bolzano/Bozen, NE Italy) and their tributaries show remarkable variations in anthropogenic Gd contents (Gd_ant). Low Gd_ant values are found on Monday and Tuesday, whereas high values are observed during the remaining weekdays. Reliable Gd_ant balances are calculated for the river system at the confluence of the Adige and its tributaries. At two places local decrease of Gd_ant indicates exfiltration of groundwater. It is demonstrated that Gd_ant can be used as a reliably conservative tracer to study the water budget in rapidly flowing alpine river systems. The studied different river waters show considerable negative Ce and positive Y anomalies. Negative Ce anomalies are caused by scavenging of Ce(III) by FeO(OH) precipitates and subsequent oxidation to CeO₂. Y anomalies are attributed to less sorption of Y than REE onto particulate matter. Thus, Y moves faster than REE. Both, Ce and Y anomalies, are of geogenic origin.     

The Geochemistry of Volcanogenic Mineralization in the Northwestern Segment of the Pacific Ore Belt: Northeast Russia

This paper considers the geochemistry of volcanogenic mineralization in the northeastern segment of the Pacific Ore Belt (Northeast Russia). We give new evidence for the compositions and concentrations of trace and rare-earth elements (REE) in the ores of volcanogenic fields: Au-Ag epithermal (of various types and ages), Cu-Mo-Au porphyritic, Au-Bi related to granitoidal intrusions, Sn-Ag subvolcanic and kies polymetallic enriched in Au and Ag, as well as REEs in alkaline volcanic rocks. Geochemical signatures have been compiled for 17 formation types of volcanogenic fields. It was found that the ore-forming fluids in most fields belonged to an NaCl-H₂O hydrothermal system that was enriched in Cl relative to F; the values of Y/Ho in the ores of nearly all types correspond with the interval of ratios characteristic for present-day hydrothermal fluids in backarc basins; most of the ores that we studied had near-chondrite spectra with configurations similar to those of the REE spectra in volcanic rock sequences of the andesite-diorite series. Comparative analysis of REE spectra in the distribution of trace elements over classes of gold concentration shows synchronous enrichment of ores in similar sets of trace elements. The high Co/Ni ratio in volcanogenic ores probably reflects the superposition of a later magmatic fluid upon an earlier mineralization. Samples from ores of volcanogenic fields, except for Kuroko, show δCe and δEu varying from negative to mildly positive values, thus indicating low-oxidizing conditions during deposition. It was found for Au-Ag epithermal ores that they are enriched in a wide range of trace elements; they have low concentrations of REEs, the light REEs are more abundant than the heavy ones, and the Eu anomalies vary considerably from small negative to low and high positive values. The results provide evidence of an exhalation hydrothermal origin of the Khotoidokh field. It has been shown that the REEs in the ores of the Bol’shoe field are of the type that is most valuable to industry. The results can be used to deal with practical problems: determining the formation type and evaluating the industrial value of a field; detecting accessory components in ores; and discriminating between the types of geochemical anomalies (in rocks or in soil) and stray fluxes as to the potential of a field.     

Bearing of rare earth patterns of apatites from igneous and metamorphic rocks

Twelve apatite samples from igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Black Forest and igneous rocks from the Kaiserstuhl were analysed for their REE content. The ΣREE range from 0.116 to 1.69 wt.%; the lowest values were found in the metamorphic rocks. All apatites from the various parent rocks show a general enrichment of the lighter rare earths over the heavier and their chondrite-normalized rare earth patterns exhibit a more or less pronounced negative Ce anomaly. This Ce depletion is accompanied by relatively low La and Pr values. In addition, the apatites from igneous rocks from the Black Forest show a marked negative Eu anomaly. An explanation is offered for the simultaneous occurrence of a negative Ce and a negative Eu anomaly in one investigated rock system. The negative Ce anomaly is attributed to the occurrence of phases enriched in Ce (e.g., monazite, allanite) which crystallized prior to or simultaneously with apatite. The negative Eu anomaly in these magmatic apatites most probably is caused by discrimination of Eu²⁺ from the apatite lattice. The result of this discrimination is a selective Eu enrichment in the later crystallizing feldspars, plagioclase and orthoclase. At least in this case, the positive Eu anomaly in feldspars is not a reliable indicator of low oxygen fugacity during their crystallization; the Eu depletion of the earlier crystallized apatites is preferable for this purpose.     

Negative cerium anomalies in the rare earth element patterns of oceanic ferromanganese nodules

Ferromanganese nodules from the Bauer Basin of the south equatorial Pacific are unlike virtually all oceanic nodules so far analyzed in showing negative Ce anomalies in their REE abundance patterns. In comparison with similarly Cu-Ni-enriched nodules from the north equatorial Pacific they are depleted in REE by 50–80% and are heavy REE enriched relative to intermediate REE. The REE patterns can be accounted for by the input of hydrothermal iron oxyhydroxides and associated REE to the Bauer Basin and the transfer of the REE to the nodules because of diagenetic reactions in the sediment. The excess iron input also is reflected in lower Cu/Ni ratios in the nodules as compared with nodules from the north equatorial zone, apparently because of the larger proportions of a residual Fe phase in the nodules relative to todorokite. Cerium anomalies of the Bauer Basin nodules range from ?0.17 to ?0.29 as compared with +0.33 to +0.07 in the north equatorial Pacific but show a parallel sensitivity of Ce anomaly to Mn/Fe ratios of the nodules. Nodules with the more positive anomalies within each group have the smallest Mn/Fe ratios and have been subjected to the greatest seawater influence whereas nodules with the more negative anomalies have the largest Mn/Fe ratios and have been subjected to the greatest diagenetic influence.     

Occurrence and chemical composition of the Eoarchean carbonate rocks of the Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block of northeastern Labrador,Canada

The Eoarchean Nulliak supracrustal rocks in the Saglek Block of northeastern Labrador, Canada, contain some of the world's oldest carbonate rocks. This work attempted to reveal the origin of the carbonate rocks and estimate the surface environmental conditions of the early Earth based on their occurrence and geochemistry. They occur together with mafic and ultramafic rocks in Pangertok Inlet and St. John's Harbour South, whereas they are interlayered with pelitic rock layers with quartzofeldspathic mineral assemblages in St. John's Harbour East and Big Island. The geological occurrence suggests that the formers were formed around hydrothermal fields, whereas the latters were deposited near a continental margin. Some carbonate rocks have high SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Zr contents, indicating that the silicification and involvement of detrital materials influenced their composition; thus, pure carbonate rocks were selected using a combined filter of the SiO₂, TiO_2, Al₂O₃, Zr, and Ba contents. The selected carbonate rocks have positive La, Eu, Gd, Y, U, Pb, and Sr anomalies, negative Nb, Zr, and Hf anomalies, and relatively small enrichment in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). The La and Y anomalies suggest that they originated from chemical sediments precipitated from seawater. On the other hand, the small HREE-enrichment suggests that REEs were mainly dissolved as REE-carbonate complexes in seawater or that the riverine influxes were dominated by the detritus of Eoarchean continental crusts, presumably composed of HREE-depleted TTG. The U anomaly suggests that uranium was more dissolved than Th as U-bearing carbonate complexes in seawater. The Nulliak carbonate rocks also show a positive correlation between Y and Eu anomaly values, suggesting that the precipitation of iron-oxyhydroxide causing the Y anomaly was more significant near the hydrothermal fields than the continental margin, consistent with an alkaline hydrothermal model.     

Continental hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rock and genesis of superlarge germanium (Ge) deposit hosted in coal: A study from the Lincang Ge deposit,Yunnan, China

The study on marine hydrothermal sedimentationtends to be perfect at present, and a suit of hydrother-mal sedimentary distinguishing criterions (includingstructure, conformation, geochemistry, etc.) has beenfound[1—12]. While it is unsubstantial on the study ofhydrothermal sedimentation in continental deposi-tional environment, and little was known about therelation between continental hydrothermal sedimenta-tion and metal mineralization. The Lincang Ge deposit,hosted in coal with independent…     

Using <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> REE analysis to study the origin and diagenesis of dolomite of Lower Paleozoic,Tarim Basin

In situ REE concentrations of various dolomites from Tarim Basin were obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis, and the data were normalized to standard seawater (Seawater Normalized=SWN). Most of the samples have a ΣREE range of less than 20 ppm. All samples show similar REE_SWN distributions with heavy REE depletion, and positive Ce anomaly, which indicates that they have the same dolomitization fluids (seawater). According to the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite, two types of dolomite are determined and described as follows: 1) syndepositional dolomite, with the highest REE concentrations (more than 20 ppm), the cores of which are more enriched in REE compared with their cortexes, indicating that they underwent the dolomitization of calcareous sediments by hypersaline and subsequent diagenesis decreased the REE content of the cortex because of the low REE concentration of the diagenetic fluids; 2) diagenetic dolomite, which can be subdivided into four groups. (1) burial dolomite which has higher REE concentrations than limestone, but lower than syndepositional dolomite. This shows that pore fluids with high salinity dolomitized the pre-existing limestone; (2) void filling dolomite which has the similar REE patterns with the matrix dolomite. In addition, the Eu anomaly is not obvious, suggesting that the dolomitization fluids originated from the diagenetic fluids; (3) recrystallized dolomite, whose REE concentration was obviously decreased, indicating that the REE concentration was decreased during the recrystallization processes; and (4) hydrothermal altered void-filling dolomite, which has the lowest REE concentration, but obvious positive Eu anomaly, reflecting its hydrothermal activity related origin. Thus, the diverse REE signatures, which were recorded in different dolomites, retain the information of their formation conditions and subsequent diagenetic processes. In situ REE analysis of dolomite is an effective probe into the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB422103)     

REE geochemistry of surface sediments in the Chukchi Sea

Rare earth elements (including the lanthanides and Y) have analogical chemical properties and low solubility, and they are not easy to transfer and take inter-element fractionation during geological processes such as weathering, disintegration, transporta…     

Rare earth and strontium isotope evidence concerning the petrogenesis of North Chilean ignimbrites

New rare earth element (REE) data, Rb and Sr analyses and Sr isotope measurements are presented for pumice clasts collected from some North Chilean ignimbrites of dacite and rhyolite composition. The samples are light-REE enriched with chondrite-normalised Ce (Ce_N) of 17–98, Yb_N of 4–14 and Ce_N/Yb_N of 2.6–15. While some samples have no Eu anomalies, others do have anomalies with inferred Eu/Eu^* values of down to ca. 0.4. Eleven samples have present-day⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios between 0.7053 and 0.7100, and noting that some samples are up to 12 Ma old, initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are below ca. 0.709. These trace element and Sr isotope characteristics resemble those of contemporaneous andesite and dacite lavas, suggesting a common origin for all these rock types. The higher Rb/Sr ratios and larger Eu anomalies in most of the dacitic and rhyolitic ignimbrites are consistent with an origin by plagioclase-dominated fractional crystallization of mantle-derived andesite magma.     

Geochemical fractionation of rare earth elements in lacustrine deposits from Qaidam Basin

Based on the concentration and distribution pattern analysis of the rare earth elements (REEs) at the Shell Bar section from Qaidam Basin, we studied the geochemical fractionations of REE in paleolake deposits and their paleo-environmental significance. Our results show that the REE concentration in AS (acid soluble) and AR (acid residual) fractions are 20.9 μg/g and 95.4 μg/g (except element Y) individually, showing a strong REE differentiation between AS and AR fractions. However, the two types of fractions (AS & AR) have similar REE distribution patterns, which are slightly rich in light earth rare elements (LREEs), with slightly right-tilting and negative Eu anomaly. The LREE of AR is richer than that of AS. There were no significant correlations between the REE in AS, AR and other proxies. It indicated that the lacustrine deposition had different material sources and experienced varying geochemical procedures. Correlation analysis between the REE and the content of fine grain-size (<4 μm) of the sediments, Rb/Sr ratio and Mn concentration showed high correlation coefficients. Our results demonstrated that the REE in acid soluble and residual fractions bear different environmental significances, which are strongly dependent on local environment. The REE of acid soluble fraction is closely related to the paleoclimatic changes in the lake catchment and the evolutionary processes of lake itself. Our results suggest that δCe and (La/Yb)_n could be used as proxies of the reduction-oxidation conditions and furthermore the temperature change and the lake level fluctuations. Using these proxies, we reconstructed the paleoclimate and water level fluctuation history during the high lake level period lasting between 43.5 and 22.4 cal. ka BP.     

Rare earth element abundances in rocks and minerals from the Fiskenaesset Complex,West Greenland

Rare earth element (REE) abundances determined by activation analysis in rocks, plagioclase and mafic separates from the Fiskenaesset Complex are presented together with data on major and trace elements in the minerals. The REE data for the rocks and plagioclases are distinct from those of many other anorthositic complexes and the abundances are some of the lowest recorded for plagioclase from terrestrial anorthosites. The bulk and trace element compositions of the Fiskenaesset plagioclases show a number of similarities to those of lunar plagioclases. The plagioclases show a positive Eu anomaly of about 10 and a depletion in the heavy REE relative to the light ones. The mafic separates are enriched in the heavy REE relative to the light ones, and show no Eu anomaly except in one sample with a positive anomaly not attributable to plagioclase contamination. It is estimated, from experimental partition coefficient data, that the REE pattern in the magma at an early stage of fractionation was La (17×) to Lu (0.7× chondrites) with a possible positive Eu anomaly. This highly fractionated REE pattern may be attributed to partial melting of a garnet-bearing source.     

Role of subducted sediments in island-arc magmatism: constraints from REE patterns

Continental sedimentary rocks of post-Archean age are characterized by europium depletion relative to the other REE. Typical values for Eu/Eu* are 0.65±0.05 (where Eu* is the theoretical value for no chondrite-normalized Eu anomaly).Basalts and andesites from island-arc suites rarely display significant europium anomalies. Calculations indicate that the maximum amount of sediment that can be admixed without producing a signature of Eu depletion is: (a) 10% for a MORB source; (b) 1% for primitive mantle or a single-stage depleted mantle, and (c) 0.1–0.3% for a two-stage depleted mantle.     

Geochemistry of black shale at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian in Tarim Basin and its significance for lithosphere evolution

At the bottom of the Lower Cambrian, there widely develops a suit of rock association com-posed of black shales interbedded with thin silicalite in the India, northern Pakistan, Iran, southern France, England, northern Oman, the former USSR, southern Kaza…     

Lunar monazite: A late-stage (mesostasis) phase in mare basalt

Thorium-poor monazite occurs as an inclusion in a ferrohedenbergite grain within a mesostasis area of the relatively coarse-grained Apollo 11 basalt 10047,68. Only a single grain of monazite (～ 4 × 15 μm) has been observed but it is possible that monazite may exist as a more significant phase at smaller grain sizes. Electron probe analyses indicate chondrite-normalized REE fractionation patterns for both lunar and terrestrial monazites in which the light REE's (La to Sm) are highly enriched relative to the heavy REE's (Gd to Lu). Lunar monazite shows a distinct Eu anomaly which is absent from the terrestrial sample. Crystallization of monazite from late-stage liquids forming during crystallization of lunar igneous rocks could lead to these liquids becoming increasingly depleted in the light REE's relative to the heavy REE's.     

Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas — Trace element characteristics of a recycled sediment component

High precision trace element data obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Sr–Nd isotope analyses are presented for mafic volcanic rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic. The new data reveal negative Ce anomalies, with Ce/Ce^? values in Gough lavas extending down to ～ 0.92. Ce is only fractionated from other rare earth elements (REE) due to formation of Ce⁴⁺ under oxidizing conditions of near-surface environments while other REE remain trivalent. Ce anomalies in convergent margin magmas have been shown to indicate a contribution of a subducted sediment component. In contrast, Ce anomalies in intra-plate basalts have been attributed to weathering processes, but can be excluded here based on element–element systematics indicating magmatic trends rather than weathering-induced element mobility. Shallow-level contamination by local marine sediments with negative Ce anomaly inherited from seawater can be excluded because Gough lavas with increasingly negative Ce anomalies do not trend towards low Ce/Pb ratios characterizing such sediments. Rather, it is argued that the negative Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas are consistent with variable amounts of a sediment component in the mantle plume source. Mixtures between estimates of subducting sediment columns with negative Ce anomaly and mantle capable of giving rise to Gough Island magmas without Ce anomalies reproduce the Gough compositional array with the exception of highly fluid-mobile elements. The calculated trace element composition of the deeply recycled sediment in the Gough plume source is depleted in fluid-mobile elements such as Ba and Pb relative to the composition of some present-day subducting sediments. This loss is attributed to the dehydration or flushing of sediment in the subduction factory, consistent with constraints from arc magmas.     

The Early Paleozoic Tiefosi syn-collisional granite in the northern Dabie Orogen:Geochronological and geochemical constraints

The Tiefosi granitic pluton is located 5 km northwest of Xinyang City,northern Dabie Orogen,and was emplaced in the Proterozoic Qinling Group. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating suggests its crystallization at 436 ± 11 Ma. It is composed of monzogranite and syenogranite containing some amounts of muscovite and few mafic minerals. The rocks are characterized by high and restricted SiO2 content,low FeO,Fe2O3 and MgO contents,high K2O/Na2O ratio,and display high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous (ACNK>1.1) characteristics. They are generally enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE). They can be divided into three groups in light of rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements. Group I is moderate in ΣREE and characterized by the absence of Eu anom-aly,high (La/Yb)N ratio,and moderate Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios. Group Ⅱ has moderately negative Eu anomaly,low (La/Yb)N ratio and high ΣREE contents,Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios. Group Ⅲ displays positive Eu anomaly,moderate (La/Yb)N ratio,and low ΣREE,Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios. The calculated εNd(440Ma) values of the rocks vary from 8.8 to 9.9 and Nd depleted mantle model ages are about 2.0 Ga,which resemble those of the paragneisses from the Qinling Group. The results indicate that the Tiefosi granite is crust-derived,syn-collisional S-type granite. Generation of Group I was related to low degree melting of the Qinling Group,while Group Ⅱ was formed by fractionational crystallization of plagioclase from Group I magmas,and Group Ⅲ resulted possibly from magma mingling with plagioclase cumulates. The Tiefosi granite was formed within crustal level related to the collision between the North China and South China blocks in the Early Paleozoic time.     

Study of the minerogenetic mechanism and origin of Qinghai nephrite from Golmud,Qinghai, Northwest China

Electronic microprobe analysis showed that all QN samples are mainly composed of tremolite and minor accessory minerals, such as diopside, calcite, serpentinite, and magnetite. According to the cation coefficients, the crystallo-chemistrygenesis illustration demonstrates that all QN deposits are contact metasomatic. Depending on the mole percent of Fe~(2+(3+))/(Mg~(2+)+Fe~(2+(3+)) and the content of Cr, Co, and Ni in all QN samples measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), green and azure-green QNs are characterized as serpentinite-related contact metasomatic deposit(S-type), whereas white, green-white, brown, blue-violet, yellow, and viridis QNs are dolomite-related contact metasomatic deposit(D-type). The assemblages and chemical composition of accessory minerals of the eight-color QN samples show evident characteristics, which reveal four possible ore-forming processes. We also measured trace and rare earth elements(REEs) in these samples through ICP-MS to deduce the origin of and the changes in metallogenic conditions. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of D-type QN exhibit moderately negative Eu anomalies with moderate light REE enrichment, flat heavy REE(HREE), and low(50)REE concentrations, similar to dolomitic marble. Green QN samples of S-type show enrichment in HREE and moderately negative Eu anomalies, which is consistent with characteristics of dunite. Whereas azure-green QN samples of S-type exhibit a right-dipping V-type curve with severe depletion in Eu(δEu=0.36–0.47), in accordance with the characteristics of gabbro from Yushigou ophiolite in North Qilian mountains. Furthermore, this finding is consistent with the content of trace elements and the petrographic analysis results. On the basis of several significant differences in the characteristic elements, which may have been affected by the metallogenic environment, we inferred the differences in oxygen fugacity and basicity of mineralization environments in different-colored QNs.     

Importance of vertical geochemical processes in controlling the oceanic profiles of dissolved rare earth elements in the northeastern Indian Ocean

Vertical profiles of dissolved rare earth elements (REEs) were obtained in the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The REE concentrations at various depths in the Bay of Bengal are the highest in the Indian Ocean. This is attributable ultimately to the large outflow of the Ganges–Brahmaputra and Irrawaddy rivers, but the dissolved REE flux to surface waters alone cannot explain the large and near-constant REE enrichment throughout the entire water column. The underlying fan sediments serve as not a source but a sink for dissolved REE(III)s. Absence of excess ²²⁸Ra in the deep waters suggests that lateral input of dissolved REEs from slope sediments is also small in these regions. Partial (<0.3%) dissolution of detrital particles, which are carried by the rivers and lateral surface currents and subsequently settle through the water column, appears to be a predominant source for the dissolved REEs. Vertical profiles showing an almost linear increase with depth are common features for the light and middle REEs everywhere, but their concentration levels are variable from basin to basin and from element to element. This suggests that their oceanic distributions respond quickly to the variation of particle flux and its REE composition through reversible exchange equilibrium with suspended and sinking particles much like the case for Th. The relative importance of the vertical geochemical processes of reversible scavenging over the horizontal basin-scale ocean circulation with passive regeneration like nutrients decreases systematically from the light to the heavy REEs. Using a model, the mean oceanic residence times of REEs in the Bay of Bengal are estimated to range from 37 years for Ce to 140–1510 years for the strictly trivalent REEs. In the deep water of the Andaman Sea, isolated from the Bay of Bengal by the Andaman–Nicobar Ridge (maximum sill depth of ∼1800 m), the REE concentrations are almost uniform presumably due to rapid vertical mixing. The REE(III) concentrations are similar to that of ∼1250 m depth water in the Bay of Bengal, consistent with other oceanographic properties. However, the REE composition of the deep water appears to be altered slightly by preferential scavenging of the light REE(III) at the bottom boundary of the basin.     

青海湖QH1孔晚全新世沉积物稀土元素地球化学与气候环境关系探讨

通过对青海湖QH1孔沉积物稀土元素丰度分布模式及稀土总量(REE)的分析结合沉积物中TOC含量粒度参数的变化特征探讨了稀土元素纵向变化与气候环境之间的关系. 结果表明青海湖沉积物中稀土元素总丰度值不高平均值为63mg/kg不包括Y左右. 总体上表现以半干旱的环境为主导化学风化作用相对微弱. 同时湖泊沉积物具有轻稀土相对富集缓右倾斜型CeEu基本上无明显异常的REE分布模式. 稀土元素与总有机碳TOC粒度之间存在较好的相关性. 分析表明沉积物中REE高值段指示暖湿气候环境REE低值段代表冷干气候环境. 根据稀土元素分布与沉积环境的关系重建了8500aBP以来青海湖区经历4次较大的暖湿-温干-暖偏湿-冷偏干的气候演化过程. 从而得出在高寒半干旱地区的青海湖沉积物中稀土元素对古气候变化具有良好的指示作用.