四川广元上寺剖面上二叠统大隆组优质烃源岩发育主控因素初探

对四川广元上寺上二叠统剖面进行岩石学和地球化学分析,并利用Al/Ti值评估古生产力,而利用Mo、u、V、Cr、V/Cr和V/(V+Ni)来评估沉积环境,进而探讨烃源岩中有机质的积累与海洋初级生产力、沉积环境(氧化还原条件)以及沉积速率之间的关系.研究发现,在大隆组中部,TOC、过剩铝、Cu、Ni和Cd出现高值(TOC平...     

安徽巢湖平顶山剖面上二叠统大隆组有机质富集的地球生物学模式

安徽巢湖平顶山地区上二叠统大隆组主要为硅质泥岩和泥岩互层沉积。通过对该剖面微体古生物化石丰度的统计分析发现,其演化可划分出4个阶段:Ⅰ(繁盛阶段)→Ⅱ(衰亡阶段)→Ⅲ(恢复阶段)→Ⅳ(大衰亡阶段)。利用微量元素Cu、Ni和Zn估算了巢湖平顶山剖面古生产力,其平均值为1.48gC/m2d,与北美二叠系黑色页岩的古生产力平均值(1.40gC/m2d)和现代海洋大陆架的初级生产力(如委内瑞拉大陆架为1.50gC/m2d)较为一致。大隆组中有机碳质量分数为0.26%～5.49%,有机质富集程度和古生产力大小与岩性关系密切:泥岩和粉砂质泥岩里有机质最为富集且古生产力较高;而在硅质泥岩中,两者含量相对较低。分析了有机质富集过程(从生物物质到沉积有机质,再到埋藏有机质)中各环节的主要影响因素,表明海洋古生产力是有机质富集的主导因素和前提条件,直接影响沉积物中的有机质含量,而海洋表层初级生产力的大小受上升流、营养盐和海水深度等环境因素综合影响;在埋藏有机质阶段,其主控因素为沉积环境中的氧含量和沉积速率等。综合研究表明,本剖面中有机质富集为生产力模式,即:岩石中有机质的富集受古生产力的影响最大,其次为沉积环境中的氧含量。其中,古生产力由生产者贡献,但是受消费者的丰度影响较大。     

四川盆地广元地区大隆组有机质富集规律

四川盆地西北广元地区上二叠统大隆组主要为碳酸盐岩、硅质岩和页岩互层沉积.对四川广元长江沟剖面进行精细解剖的结果表明,大隆组中有机碳质量分数为0.16%~14.6%,有机碳质量分数与岩性关系密切,高有机碳质量分数赋存于黑色页岩和纹层状灰岩中,其中碳酸盐岩的有机碳质量分数与纹层厚度呈反比,即纹层厚度越大有机碳质量分数越低.大隆组优质烃源岩位于大隆组中部岩段,岩性组合为黑色页岩和硅质岩互层,间夹薄层状灰岩或纹层状灰岩.微量元素分析结果显示有机质的富集明显受控于沉积阶段及早期成岩阶段的氧化还原条件.综合分析表明大隆组烃源岩有机质富集受晚二叠世沉积环境、氧化还原条件、生物生产力、深部热液流体的影响,其中厌氧、缺氧环境是大隆组烃源岩发育的主控因素,高生物产率是有机质富集的前提条件.     

鄂西建始-长阳地区上二叠统大隆组储层特征及沉积环境

前人对鄂西地区大隆组页岩气资源潜力调查评价较少.本文通过研究区地层剖面测量及钻探等方法,对大隆组储层特征及沉积环境进行了分析.结果表明,大隆组纵向上可分为三段,横向上有由西向东厚度减薄的趋势.大隆组有机质类型主要为腐泥型,热演化处于过成熟阶段,TOC值含量较高且非均质性分布特征明显.大隆组矿物成分以长英质矿物为主,属于低孔-特低孔特低渗储层.微量元素分析显示大隆组下段处于厌氧环境,上段处于富氧环境.TOC变化曲线与V/(V+Ni)和Ni/Co所指示的氧化还原条件具明显相关性,厌氧环境TOC含量高.综合研究表明,西部建始一带为页岩气成藏有利区,大隆组下段为有利的勘探层位.     

下扬子巢湖-泾县地区上二叠统大隆组泥页岩储层特征

基于实测剖面资料,对下扬子巢湖-泾县地区上二叠统大隆组泥页岩储层特征进行了研究.结果表明,研究区大隆组厚12 ～ 35m,沉积时期处于水体贫氧-厌氧的静水还原环境,为一套黑色碳质硅质泥页岩建造.页岩中钙硅质脆性矿物含量为65％ ～93％,粘土矿物含量5％ ～ 30％,总有机碳含量在2.05％～13.9％,有机质成熟度为1.45％ ～2％,属于成熟-过成熟演化阶段.大隆组泥页岩储层孔隙度为0.476％,渗透率为0.001×10-3 μm2,主要发育四类微孔(裂)隙:残余原生孔隙、次生溶蚀孔隙、次生晶间孔和微裂隙(缝).“高硅、高脆、高有机质丰度、孔隙发育”的四大储集特性表明大隆组海相黑色岩系具良好的勘探开发前景.     

鄂西地区上二叠乐平统大隆组硅质岩成因及有机质富集机理

晚二叠世是古生代环境、生物演化的关键时期,发育广泛的富有机质沉积,并成为南方重要的烃源岩层位。为了解该时期的富有机质堆积机理,我们选择了鄂西台内盆地晚二叠世大隆组富有机质硅质岩(TOC平均值为5.8%,峰值为18%)作为研究对象。硅质岩中常量元素Al/Fe均值为0.79,Mn/Ti均值为0.21,显示为大陆边缘环境下的生物成因,即非热水成因。∑REE值与Al2O3含量有着良好的正相关关系,表明当时陆源物质的输入对硅质岩的形成有很大影响。微量元素U/Th、V/(V+Ni)均说明硅质岩沉积环境为缺氧水体环境。通过对草莓状黄铁矿粒径的统计表明,大多数(64%～89%)的草莓状黄铁矿粒径小于5μm,反映缺氧甚至硫化的环境。而且,U、V、Mo的富集以及Ni、Cu元素的亏损说明水体的缺氧主要是由于海水分层,水体循环受阻造成的。TOC与氧化还原参数的变化步调基本一致,两者有着较好的正相关关系,而与生产力指标Ba/Al相关性很差,说明有机质富集主要是由水体的缺氧而不是初级生产力控制的。     

重庆焦页143-5井五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩有机质富集机理

上扬子地区五峰组-龙马溪组黑色岩系是我国南方重要的海相烃源岩,也是目前我国页岩气勘探开发的重要层位之一,前人对其有机质富集因素的综合分析和富集因素之间的关系研究较少.以渝东南武隆地区焦页143-5井为例,对五峰组-龙马溪组下段黑色岩系进行了地层学及古海洋环境的研究,探讨了古气候、火山活动、古海洋生产力和氧化还原特征及其...     

鄂西鹤峰地区上二叠统大隆组页岩储层特征及资源潜力

在野外地质调查基础上,通过有机地化测试、物性研究和扫描电镜等方法,对鄂西鹤峰地区泥页岩储层及资源潜力进行了研究。结果表明:(1)鹤峰地区大隆组形成于台盆相,岩性以硅质页岩、炭质页岩为主,厚度为47.5～53.9 m。(2)目的层泥页岩具有“有机质丰度高、热演化程度高”等特征,TOC含量平均为6.03%,Ro平均为2.40%,脆性矿物含量平均为81.0%。(3)岩石中吸附气含量较高,质量体积平均为2.08 m3/t,埋深小于2000 m,具有良好的勘探前景。(4)采用叠合法预测出鹤峰茅坪-石灰窑和鹤峰太平-咸盈一带为页岩气勘探有利区,用概率体积法估算页岩气地质资源量(P50)分别约为303.56×108m3和533.33×108m3。该研究成果可为鄂西鹤峰地区大隆组页岩气勘探提供借鉴。     

桂西南柳桥地区上二叠统大隆组层状硅质岩成因和沉积环境

对桂西南上二叠统大隆组层状硅质岩地球化学的研究发现:陆源主量元素Al、Ti等含量较高,并呈很好的相关性（R>0.90）;热液来源的主量元素Mn和Fe等含量偏低,并具有较小的负相关关系（R=－0.30）;陆源元素(Al、Ti、Hf、Zr、Th等)与总稀土元素含量具有较高正相关性（R为0.70～0.83）;Al Fe Mn三角图解指示研究区的硅质岩为非热液成因。这些说明陆源物质是硅质岩形成的重要物源,结合硅质岩中含有大量的硅质生物（放射虫和海绵骨针等）的事实,我们认为研究区硅质岩是在生物作用为主,并有大量物源物质和少量热液物质（可能与大断裂导致的玄武岩喷发有关）和火山物质混入的条件下形成的。Ce/Ce*、(La/Yb)Shale、(La/Ce)Shale和∑REE与细粒沉积物沉积环境的关系以及(La/Ce)Shale—Al2O3/(Al2O3 +Fe2O3)图解等说明研究区硅质岩沉积环境为大陆边缘的中下部。Th/U和Ceanom指示了硅质岩形成于氧化环境。      

湘中及湘东南地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探前景

湘中及湘东南坳陷具有良好的油气成藏地质条件,区内二叠纪龙潭组以滨岸泻湖-沼泽相沉积为主。通过野外采样分析和资料收集,对龙潭组泥页岩区域展布特征、地球化学选区、储集性能等方面进行了研究。研究表明,龙潭组含气页岩有机碳质量分数高[w(TOC)]为0.36%~14.56%,平均为4.48%),热演化程度高(Ro为2.12%~3.52%,平均为2.59%),干酪根类型以Ⅱ型为主,生气潜力大,脆性矿物质量分数高(29%~86%),属低孔低渗类型,且微孔隙发育。页岩埋深适中(400~1 800m),沉积厚度以几十米至千米不等。研究结果揭示了本地区龙潭组页岩气较好的前景,特别是各凹陷盆地沉积中心最优。基于综合对比研究划分出3个有利区:涟源有利区(Ⅰ)、邵阳-隆回有利区(Ⅱ)和永兴-耒阳有利区(Ⅲ),其中以Ⅰ、Ⅲ有利区条件较好,可以为进一步的页岩气勘探开发提供依据。     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation from Northeastern Sichuan Basin: Implications for the Depositional Environment and Organic Matter Enrichment

A set of organic-rich shales of the upper Permian Longtan Formation, which is widely developed in the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin, is a key formation for the next step of exploration and development. At present, most studies on this set of formations have focused on the reservoir characteristics and reservoir formation mechanism of the shales, and basic studies on the palaeoenvironment and organic matter(OM) enrichment mechanism have not been fully carried out. In this paper, we recov...     

Organic Matter Accumulation in the Upper Permian Dalong Formation from the Lower Yangtze Region, South China

The Late Permian was marked by a series of important geological events and widespread organic-rich black shale depositions, acting as important unconventional hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the mechanism of organic matter (OM) enrichment throughout this period is still controversial. Based on geochemical data, the marine redox conditions, paleogeographic and hydrographic environment, primary productivity, volcanism, and terrigenous input during the Late Permian in the Lower Yangtze region have been studied from the Putaoling section, Chaohu, to provide new insights into OM accumulation. Five Phases are distinguished based on the TOC and environmental variations. In Phase I, anoxic conditions driven by water restriction enhanced OM preservation. In Phase II, euxinic and cycling hydrological environments were the two most substantial controlling factors for the massive OM deposition. During Phase III, intensified terrestrial input potentially diluted the OM in sediment and the presence of oxygen in bottom water weakened the preservation condition. Phase IV was characterized by a relatively higher abundance of mercury (Hg) and TOC (peak at 16.98 wt%), indicating that enhanced volcanism potentially stimulated higher productivity and a euxinic environment. In Phase V, extremely lean OM was preserved as a result of terrestrial dilutions and decreasing primary productivity. Phases I, II and IV are characterized as the most prominent OM-rich zones due to the effective interactions of the controlling factors, namely paleogeographic, hydrographic environment, volcanism, and redox conditions.     

Assessment on Redox Conditions and Organic Burial of Siliciferous Sediments at the Latest Permian Dalong Formation in Shangsi, Sichuan, South China

The redox sensitive elements, molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U), in marine sediments from the latest Permian Dalong (大隆) Formation at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, Northeast Siehuan (四川), South China, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine their response to a range of redox conditions, and to estimate the organic carbon burial rate. On the basis of the correlation between authigenic Mo abundance and organic carbon content in modern oceans, the organic carbon burial rates were calculated for the rocks at Dalong Formation, ranging from 0.48-125.83 mmol/(m2-d), which shows a larger range than the mineralization rate of organic carbon at the continental margins (1.6-4.23 mmol/(m2.d)). The Zr-normalized Mo and U abundances show large fluctuations in the entire section. The maxima of Zr-normalized Mo abundance and thus the maxima of the organic carbon burial rates were observed at the interval between the 155th and 156th beds (404-407 m above the base of Middle Permian). A decrease (the minimum) in U/Mo ratios is present in this interval. It is speculated that the oxygen-limited conditions and ultimately anoxia or euxinia may develop within this depth interval. In contrast, an enhanced enrichment of Zr-normallzed U abundance is found, in association with less enrichment in Zr-normnllzed Mo abundance in the interval from the I51st to 154th beds (395-404 m above the base of Middle Permian), inferring the dominance of a suboxic/anoxic depositional condition (denitrifying condition), or without free H2S. The presence of small quantities of dissolved oxygen may have caused the solubilization and loss of Mo from sediments. It is proposed that the multiple cycles of abrupt oxidation and reduction due to the upwelllng at this interval lead to the enhanced accumulation of authigenic U, but less enrichment of Mo. A decrease in the contents of U, Mo, and TOC is found above the 157th bed (407 m above the base of Middle Permian), in association with the enhanced U/Mo ratio, suggesting the overall oxic conditions at the end of the Dalong Formation.     

四川广元上寺剖面二叠系栖霞组沉积碳库与有机碳埋藏

通过比对四川广元上寺剖面二叠系栖霞组碳同位素变化,探讨了该区烃源岩发育的古生态环境。由于二叠纪高CO₂ 浓度背景使得古海洋海水中相对富集¹³C ,因此二叠纪海相沉积的四川广元上寺剖面栖霞组碳酸盐岩碳同位素均为正值。广元上寺剖面栖霞组底部向上碳酸盐岩碳同位素逐渐正偏,显示从栖霞组底部沉积时期开始海平面逐渐上升,向相对缺氧沉积环境过渡。栖霞组中部古海洋生产力增高,使得总有机碳同位素正偏。受总有机碳同位素波动的影响,碳同位素分馏值( ∈_TOC)在整个栖霞组波动频繁。根据平衡状态下碳循环有机碳埋藏分数模型,计算了整个栖霞组有机碳埋藏分数,结果显示有机碳埋藏分数 (f_org)在整个栖霞组都较高,符合二叠纪的碳埋藏在整个显生宙处于最高阶段的地质背景。栖霞组中部高 TOC含量层位对应 f_org逐渐增高,反映f_org 与有机碳沉积的保存环境密切相关,说明利用古海洋生产力和 f_org 的变化,可在一定程度上指示原始碳埋藏量的变化。     

Carbon Isotope Records Indicative of Paleoceanographical Events at the Latest Permian Dalong Formation at Shangsi, Northeast Sichuan, China

Paired organic and carbonate carbon isotope compositions of Late Permian Wujiaping (吴家坪) and Dalong (大隆) formations at Shangsi (上寺), Northeast Sichuan (四川) were analyzed by MAT 251. An abrupt negative excursion in the two isotope records was observed in the middle part of Dalong Formation, in association with a drop in the carbon isotope difference of the two records and an increase of total organic carbon (TOC) content. The negative drop of the paired carbon isotope records issuggestive of the input of 12C-enriched CO2. The molecular ratios of pristane to phytane and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene indicate the anoxic condition in this interval. The enhanced TOC content is indicative of the elevated preservation of organic matter due to the anoxic condition. These isotopic and organic geochemical data probably infer the occurrence of the upwelUng in this interval. The additional contribution of volcanism activity observed in South China cannot be excluded to the input of 12C-enriched CO2 and the negative shifts in carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter and carbonate.     

三塘湖盆地上二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学特征

三塘湖盆地上二叠统芦草沟组分布面积广、厚度大、有机碳含量高,具好的生烃潜力,是盆地内主力烃源岩。烃源岩样品可溶有机质中含有丰富的脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯等含羰基化合物,随着埋深增加,饱和烃和芳烃含量递增,非烃含量和有机碳则呈递减趋势,表明含羰基化合物对源岩生烃有较大的贡献。饱和烃的各项指标显示,烃源岩的沉积环境为咸化湖相还原环境,母质输入以水生生物为主,陆源物质输入较少。诸多证据表明,在沉积初期和成岩早期细菌输入较多,细菌输入有机质构成了原始有机质的一部分,细菌改造原始有机质并产生前述含羰基化合物,在热作用和微生物作用下均可成烃。     

四川盆地普光气田上二叠统长兴组表生岩溶特征及意义*

四川盆地二叠系和三叠系的接触关系以及长兴组岩溶成因的认识,地质界一直存在较大分歧。通过野外露头、钻井、岩心、成像测井、C-O同位素等资料研究发现,普光气田长兴组发育大规模溶沟、溶洞、囊状溶洞、岩溶角砾岩;P/T界线附近长兴组溶蚀灰岩碳同位素发生严重负偏移;长兴组顶见不整合面,成像测井岩溶相带划分明显;长兴组顶部存在地层缺失。综合分析认为,普光气田长兴组发生过表生岩溶作用,长兴阶晚期重大海退事件是引起表生岩溶的主要因素。长兴组长期接受表生岩溶作用的改造,除形成台地边缘礁滩相储集层外,在礁滩欠发育的台地内部和台地前缘上斜坡等区带,是寻找不整合岩溶储集层的有利地区。