地质统计学反演方法在东濮前梨园北地区储层表征中的应用

地质统计学反演融合随机建模与地震确定性反演,有效地综合了地质、测井和原始地震数据,该方法可以有效避开常规确定性反演遇到的数据正则化问题,同时通过地质统计学反演得到的属性体,其垂向分辨率不仅可以接近井资料,同时横向分辨率也得到较好地保障,并且相对于确定性反演而言,具有较高的抗噪性能。通过该方法在中原油田东濮老区的应用,证实利用地质统计学反演能有效地提高砂泥岩薄互层的刻画能力。     

基于构形特征的分频建模随机反演方法研究

高精度储层预测是目前油气勘探开发的热点问题,要实现甜点储层高、精、准预测,关键在于如何井震结合、拓宽频带、获得合理的高频成分.传统的反演方法主要通过确定性或随机性模拟建立宽频模型,其高频成分主要来自于井,没有体现地震的横向约束,在提高垂向分辨率的同时,降低了储层横向非均质性表征能力.提出一种构形反演方法,遵从地震岩性学...     

地质统计学反演技术研究与应用

实现油气储层的精细描述和建模,是石油勘探和开发过程中十分重要的环节,常规的确定性反演由于受到地震频带限制,反演结果垂向分辨率低,往往难以识别单砂体厚度较小的储层分布。通过在A油田应用的实践表明,应用高密度采集的地震数据,开展基于随机建模技术的地质统计学反演方法,能够有效地综合地质、测井和三维地震数据,明显提高反演结果的垂向分辨率,可以更好地识别薄层砂体,为精细储层识别、油藏建模提供可靠依据。     

地质统计学反演及其在吉林扶余油田储层预测中的应用

地质统计学反演方法将随机建模技术与常规地震反演相结合,有效地综合地质、测井和三维地震数据,可以更加精确地描述储层的变化.在执行地质统计学反演前,首先应用稀疏脉冲约束反演,了解储层的大致分布,以求取子波和水平变差函数.地质统计学反演从井点出发,井间以原始地震数据作为硬数据,通过随机模拟的产生井间波阻抗,然后将波阻抗转换成反射系数,并用确定性反演方法求得的子波褶积产生地震道,通过反复迭代直至合成地震道与原始地震数据达到一定程度的匹配,反演结果是多个等概率的波阻抗数据体实现.反演结果符合输入数据的地质统计学特征并受地质模型的约束,它综合了测井的垂向分辨率高和地震的横向分辨率高的优势,结果的多个实现用于不确定性评价.     

随机反演在文昌A油田储层非均质性研究中的应用

地震反演是油气储层预测的关键技术,该技术可以将地震信息转换成具有直接地质意义的油气藏参数信息,因而在地质研究中发挥着重要作用.叠后地震随机反演方法兼顾了地震数据的横向分辨率与测井数据的纵向分辨率,更是在油气藏描述方面具有显著优势.这里以文昌A油田ZJ2-1油组储层为研究对象,在分析储层岩石物理特征的基础上,选取多井平均子波,建立低频模型,利用约束稀疏脉冲反演来确定水平变差函数,通过测井数据的分析确定垂直变差函数,从而进行地震随机反演,在储层的非均质性研究中取得了较好的效果.     

相控多信息融合建模反演方法在HZ地区碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用

南海珠江口盆地HZ地区碳酸盐岩广泛发育,碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强,纵、横向变化剧烈,导致常规建模反演方法预测碳酸盐岩储层不适用。针对碳酸盐岩储层的地质特点,对现有常规井插值建模反演方法进行了改进,以碳酸盐岩的沉积相信息和地震属性信息来约束建模反演,将不同尺度的沉积相信息、地震属性信息以及测井信息进行匹配融合建模,提出了适用于碳酸盐岩储层预测的相控多信息融合建模反演方法。研究结果表明,在研究区应用新的建模反演方法能有效提高碳酸盐岩储层预测的精度,该方法适用于非均质性强的碳酸盐岩储层。     

基于分形先验信息的非线性反演

基于分形先验信息的非线性反演方法能综合利用测井数据和地震信息,在贝叶斯框架下,通过分形高斯噪音算法得到基于分形理论的先验信息,然后根据地震资料构建似然函数,最终利用基于快速模拟退火算法(Very Fast Simulated Annealing,VFSA)改进的粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法(VFSA-PSO)实现后验概率密度的抽样。与确定性反演结果相比,该方法能够有效地融合测井资料中的高频信息,提高反演结果的分辨率,并且目标函数的建立融合了确定性反演中的低频约束,从而得到宽频带的反演结果。数值模拟试验表明:基于分形先验的非线性反演结果与理论模型吻合较好,实际资料的应用效果也证明了该反演方法的有效性。     

地震相控非线性随机反演在海上薄互层储层预测中的应用——以K油田沙河街组为例

针对渤海中深层薄互层储层普遍存在的埋藏深、地震资料品质差、储层厚度薄,薄互层沉积,储层横向变化快等特点,以及开发程度的加深对地震分辨率精度要求越来越高的情况,在分析储层组合和地震沉积学基础上,提出地震相控非线性反演方法,以期提高储层预测精度。该方法通过非线性最优化理论综合约束反演与模型反演的优点,根据实际地震资料建立反演目标层段的宏观相控模型,在测井资料约束下采用非线性随机算法逐道、逐次进行外推反演,有效提高地震资料的分辨率,充分考虑地质条件的随机特性,使反演结果更符合实际地质情况。在K油田应用表明,该技术提高了薄互层储层预测精度,为类似油田的储层预测、注采连通、井网部署提供可靠依据。     

地质统计学反演在四川盆地L地区储层预测中的应用

地质统计学反演基于地质统计学方法,综合利用地震、测井数据和地质认识,对储层的空间分布特征进行模拟,预测储层分布规律。通过四川盆地L地区气田开发实践,总结出以地质统计学反演为核心,且适用于四川盆地须家河组非均质构造～岩性复合式气藏的反演路线,在叠后约束稀疏脉冲确定性反演的基础上,由阻抗数据作为约束条件进行储层参数随机模拟,进而进行有利储层预测。结果表明,该方法具有测井数据的垂向分辨率高和地震数据的横向分辨率高的优势,对于识别非均质砂泥岩薄互型储层效果较好。     

利用地质统计学反演进行薄砂体储层预测

某地区三角洲前缘砂体相变快,非均质性强,单砂体厚度小,常规的确定性反演由于受到地震频带限制,反演地震体的垂向分辨力低,往往难以识别。基于随机建模技术的地质统计学反演方法,能有效地综合地质、测井和三维地震数据,极大地提高了预测结果的垂向分辨率,能更加精确地描述储层细微的变化,可以更好地识别薄层砂体。利用地质统计学反演方法对某地区三角洲前缘目标层段的薄层砂体进行了预测,通过高分辨率的地质统计学反演波阻抗体和密度反演体剖面对比,可以有效识别出薄层砂体在反演剖面上横向展布。     

井间储层属性参数预测方法研究

开发到中后期的油藏面临的是搞清井间储层的非均质性问题，这个阶段的建模以储层属性模型为主。井间储层属性参数的预测方法有多种，归纳起来有确定性方法和随机模拟两种。确定性方法主要是应用单井的钻井资料、地震资料、水平井资料进行储层的预测。当确定性方法不能满足更多地层的预测时，就采用随机模拟方法，通常是将二者相结合起来进行储层的预测。     

A Stochastic Object Model Conditioned to High-Quality Seismic Data

We present an approach for modeling facies bodies in which a highly constrained stochastic object model is used to integrate detailed seismic interpretation of the reservoir’s sedimentological architecture directly in a three-dimensional reservoir model. The approach fills the gap between the use of seismic data in a true deterministic sense, in which the facies body top and base are resolved and mapped directly, and stochastic methods in which the relationship between seismic attributes and facies is defined by conditional probabilities. The lateral geometry of the facies bodies is controlled by seismic interpretations on horizon slices or by direct body extraction, whereas facies body thickness and cross-sectional shape are defined by a mixture of seismic data, well data, and user defined object shapes. The stochastic terms in the model are used to incorporate local geometric variability, which is used to increase the geological realism of the facies bodies and allow for correct, flexible well conditioning. The result is a set of three-dimensional facies bodies that are constrained to the seismic interpretations and well data. Each body is defined as a parametric object that includes information such as location of the body axis, depositional direction, axis-to-margin normals, and external body geometry. The parametric information is useful for defining geologically realistic intrabody petrophysical trends and for controlling connectivity between stacked facies bodies.     

应用地质和地震反演信息进行三维沉积微相随机建模

探讨了综合应用地质及测井约束地震反演信息进行三维沉积微相随机建模的基本原理、思路与方法，并以渤海湾盆地某区块新近系明化镇组河流相储层为例，说明这一研究过程的基本步骤，包括井眼沉积微相解释、测井约束地震反演、波阻抗与地质相的概率关系分析、随机模拟方法选择、地质统计特征分析、三维随机建模、随机模拟预测的多解性评价。研究表明，波阻抗与沉积微相之间具有一定的概率相关关系。综合应用包括地震信息在内的多学科信息进行沉积微相随机建模，可对储层预测的多解性进行有效评价。     

Stochastic Structural Modeling

A consistent stochastic model for faults and horizons is described. The faults are represented as a parametric invertible deformation operator. The faults may truncate each other. The horizons are modeled as correlated Gaussian fields and are represented in a grid. Petrophysical variables may be modeled in a reservoir before faulting in order to describe the juxtaposition effect of the faulting. It is possible to condition the realization on petrophysics, horizons, and fault plane observations in wells in addition to seismic data. The transmissibility in the fault plane may also be included in the model. Four different methods to integrate the fault and horizon models in a common model is described. The method is illustrated on an example from a real petroleum field with 18 interpreted faults that are handled stochastically.     

地震波阻抗约束下的储层地质建模方法与实践

以地质统计学为基础的三维地质建模技术已成为当今储层精细描述中的一项关键技术,但该项技术存在着一个最大的限制就是对硬数据的密度要求十分苛刻,因而多用于井网密度大的已开发区的储层精细描述。而在勘探区块,多采用地震属性资料作为软约束,来弥补资料不足的缺陷。本文以我国海上某油田为例,探讨了应用地震反演资料约束三维储层建模的几种方法,并提出"多条件、多级约束"的建模策略。研究表明,有效地应用包括地震信息在内的多学科信息进行岩相随机建模,能有效地弥补井间信息不足的缺陷,降低地质模型的不确定性,所建立的模型能很好地综合井资料的纵向高精度和地震资料的横向高精度信息,可以成功地应用三维随机建模技术解决勘探开发阶段的储层精细描述问题。     

Theoretical Study on Stochastic Modeling of Combined Gravity-Magnetic-Electric-Seismic Inversion and Its Application

As gravity field,magnetic field,electric field and seismic wave field are all physical fields,their object function,reverse function and compound function are certainly infinite contiuously differentiable func-tions which can be expanded into Taylor (Fourier) series within domain of definition and be further reduced in-to solving stochastic distribution function of series and statistic inference of optimal approximation,This is the basis of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion built on the basis of separation of field and source gravity-magnetic difference-value(D-value)trend surface,taking distribution-independent fault sys-tem as its unit,depths of seismic and electric interfaces of interests as its corresponding bivariate compound re-verse function of gravity-magnetic anomalies and using high order polynomial(high order trigonometric func-tion)approximating to its series distribution,The difference from current dominant inversion techniques is that,first,it does not respectively create gravity-seismic,magnetic-seismic deterministic inversion model from theoretical model,but combines gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic stochastic inversion model from stochastic model;second,after the concept of equivalent geological body being introduced,using feature of independent variable of gravity-magnetic field functions,taking density and susceptibility related to gravity-magnetic func-tion as default parameters of model,the deterministic model is established owing to better solution to the con-tradictioc of difficulty in identifying strata and less test analytical data for density and susceptibility in newly explored area;third,under assumption of independent parent distribution,a real modeling by strata,the prob-lem of difficult plane closure arising in profile modeling is avoided,This technology has richer and more detailed fault and strata information than sparse pattern seismic data in newly explored area,successfully inverses and plots structural map of Indosinian discontinuty in Hefei basin with combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion,With development of high precision gravity-magnetic and overall geophysical technology,it is certain for introducing new methods of stochastic modeling and computational intelligence and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial and promoting the develop-ment of combined gravity-magnetic-electric-seismic inversion to open a new substantial path.     

Ensemble-based conditioning of reservoir models to seismic data

While 3D seismic has been the basis for geological model building for a long time, time-lapse seismic has primarily been used in a qualitative manner to assist in monitoring reservoir behavior. With the growing acceptance of assisted history matching methods has come an equally rising interest in incorporating 3D or time-lapse seismic data into the history matching process in a more quantitative manner. The common approach in recent studies has been to invert the seismic data to elastic or to dynamic reservoir properties, typically acoustic impedance or saturation changes. Here we consider the use of both 3D and time-lapse seismic amplitude data based on a forward modeling approach that does not require any inversion in the traditional sense. Advantages of such an approach may be better estimation and treatment of model and measurement errors, the combination of two inversion steps into one by removing the explicit inversion to state space variables, and more consistent dependence on the validity of assumptions underlying the inversion process. In this paper, we introduce this approach with the use of an assisted history matching method in mind. Two ensemble-based methods, the ensemble Kalman filter and the ensemble randomized maximum likelihood method, are used to investigate issues arising from the use of seismic amplitude data, and possible solutions are presented. Experiments with a 3D synthetic reservoir model show that additional information on the distribution of reservoir fluids, and on rock properties such as porosity and permeability, can be extracted from the seismic data. The role for localization and iterative methods are discussed in detail.     

基于等效介质模型和频变AVO反演的裂缝储层参数估算方法

由于裂缝性油气藏具有突出的资源潜力和经济效益,利用地震方法对裂缝储层进行精细的定量描述逐渐成为勘探地球物理的关键任务之一。为了克服以往数据驱动类反演方法无法直接获得裂缝参数、而基于静态等效介质模型驱动的反演方法无法描述孔隙内部结构和流体信息的缺点,笔者提出一种基于动态等效介质模型的储层定量描述新方法。该方法通过频变AVO(amplitude variation with offset)理论建立目标函数并使用全局最优化算法反演裂缝参数。一维和二维模型测试证实,由于充分利用了反射系数频变响应对裂缝密度和时间尺度因子的敏感性,反演方法可以对裂缝储层实现有效描述。