得尔布干成矿带太平川铜钼矿床含CH_4流体包裹体研究

太平川斑岩铜钼矿床位于得尔布干断裂西北侧,成矿斑岩时代为200Ma左右。该斑岩铜钼矿可划分为3个成矿阶段:早阶段为辉钼矿-黄铁矿(黄铜矿)-石英组合,中阶段为黄铜矿-黄铁矿(辉钼矿)-石英组合,晚阶段以碳酸盐-黄铁矿-石英脉为特征。石英脉中可见含子晶三相、含子晶两相、CH4-H2O和NaCl-H2O四类包裹体,早阶段发育含子晶和CH4-H2O包裹体,中、晚阶段以NaCl-H2O类包裹体为主。成矿早、中、晚各阶段流体包裹体的均一温度分别分布在340～500℃、158.8～360.5℃和147.8～219.7℃,相应盐度为10.1%～55.8%NaCleqv、0.7%～10.9%NaCleqv和2.1%～10.9%NaCleqv。激光拉曼探针测试显示,早、中阶段包裹体含有CH4和H2O,晚阶段包裹体则以盐水溶液为主。早阶段多种类型包裹体共生,均一温度相近,且均一方式多样,指示早阶段流体发生过沸腾作用。本文认为早阶段成矿作用主要与高温、高盐度、含CH4流体的沸腾作用有关,中-晚阶段成矿作用显示出不同来源流体的混合作用特征。成矿构造环境可能是蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋向南俯冲所形成的陆缘弧。     

西拉沐伦钼矿带车户沟斑岩型钼-铜矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义

车户沟钼-铜矿床是华北克拉通北缘西拉沐伦钼矿带上典型的斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床,位于华北克拉通北缘断裂南侧。矿床赋存于成矿母岩花岗斑岩及其围岩中,矿化类型以细脉浸染状矿化为主,还存在隐爆角砾岩型矿化和石英脉型矿化。根据脉体类型和矿物组合将车户沟钼-铜矿床划分为四个成矿阶段,分别为(1)辉钼矿-黄铁矿-石英阶段、(2)黄铜矿+黄铁矿±辉钼矿+石英阶段、(3)黄铁矿+石英阶段、(4)石英+碳酸盐±萤石阶段。成矿流体寄主矿物石英中发育Ⅰ型含CO2三相包裹体(LCO2+VCO2+LH2O)、Ⅱ型含子晶三相(V-L+S)包裹体、Ⅲ型富气相(V-L)包裹体、Ⅳ型富液相(L-V)包裹体、Ⅴ型纯气相(V)包裹体和Ⅵ型纯液相(L)六种类型。流体包裹体类型从早到晚具有规律性演化特征,表现为阶段(1)、(2)以发育Ⅰ型含CO2三相包裹体(LCO2+VCO2+LH2O)和Ⅱ型含子晶三相(V-L+S)包裹体为特征,成矿晚期阶段(3)、(4)以发育Ⅲ型富气相(V-L)包裹体、Ⅳ型富液相(L-V)水溶液包裹体为特征。从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体温度及盐度具有规律性演化特征。均一温度峰值分别为270～400℃、230～370℃、160～290℃、120～230℃,成矿温度逐渐降低;流体盐度,阶段(1)流体盐度分两组:3.39%～14.25%NaCleqv和31.01%～66.75%NaCleqv、阶段(2)流体盐度分两组:1.23%～12.85%NaCleqv和31.14%～64.33%NaCleqv、阶段(3)、(4)盐度分别介于1.05%～21.47%NaCleqv和2.07%～10.73%NaCleqv,盐度逐渐降低。激光拉曼显微探针(LRM)及群体包裹体成分分析结果表明,流体体系成分以H2O、CO2、Cl-、SO42-、Na+为主,贫F-、Ca2+、Mg2+为特征,特征离子比值暗示流体来源于岩浆流体。包裹体岩相学及包裹体测温表明,流体由早期的高温、高盐度、含二氧化碳NaCl-H2O-CO2体系岩浆流体在主成矿阶段(1)、(2)发生流体包裹体的沸腾作用和相分离,伴随流体沸腾、CO2逸失、温度降低等过程导致大量金属硫化物沉淀。成矿晚期阶段(3)、(4),成矿体系趋于开放,流体存在大气降水混入演化为晚期中-低温、中-低盐度贫CO2的NaCl-H2O流体体系。成矿作用机制上沸腾作用是导致主成矿期辉钼矿、黄铜矿沉淀成矿的重要机制。成矿作用晚期阶段(3)、(4)流体混合作用成为成矿作用的主导机制。     

黑龙江鹿鸣钼矿床成矿流体特征

鹿鸣钼矿床是小兴安岭—张广才岭成矿带上典型的特大型斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要产于早中生代早期中细粒似斑状二长花岗岩内,矿化类型以细脉浸染状矿化为主。根据矿物共生组合及脉体穿插关系将鹿鸣钼矿床划分为4个成矿阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段(Ⅰ),石英-辉钼矿阶段(Ⅱ),绿泥石-辉钼矿-石英阶段(Ⅲ),石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。成矿流体包裹体有3类:A型气液两相包裹体(L+V),B型含子晶三相包裹体(L+V+S),C型气相包裹体(V)。不同阶段流体包裹体的成分、均一温度、盐度等特征显示成矿流体由早阶段的高温、高盐度的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系逐渐演变为晚阶段的低温、低盐度的H_2O-NaCl体系。氢氧同位素特征显示成矿早阶段以岩浆水为主,随成矿演化有不同程度大气水的加入。根据矿床产出特征、矿物共生组合和流体包裹体特征,认为流体的沸腾作用和CO2等气相组分大量逸失是成矿流体形成矿床的主要因素。     

阿尔泰南缘托库孜巴依金矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿流体演化

新疆西北部的托库孜巴依(巴依)金矿床位于西伯利亚古板块南缘,阿尔泰陆缘活动带克兰弧后盆地与哈巴河弧间盆地接壤处。本次研究在前人成果基础上,通过详细的野外调查、室内显微观察、流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼成分分析和氢-氧同位素分析等多种方法,揭示了巴依金矿各成矿阶段流体特征、成矿热液来源和流体演化过程。根据野外矿脉空间分布、穿插关系、矿物组合及结构构造等特征,结合流体包裹体研究,本文将巴依金矿的成矿作用划分为4个阶段:石英-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅰ),主要发育富液相包裹体,均一温度范围在3529～4134℃区间,盐度范围为73%～147%NaCleqv,平均为104%NaCleqv;石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ),该阶段主要发育富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体以及含子晶包裹体,均一温度范围为1860～3398℃,盐度变化范围为27%～443%NaCleqv,平均为92%NaCleqv;石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅲ)主要发育富液相包裹体和含(富)CO_2三相水溶液包裹体,均一温度范围为1410～1864℃(富液相包裹体),盐度范围较大,介于0～88%NaCleqv之间;石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ),流体包裹体以富液相为主,均一温度范围1020～1400℃,盐度范围为02%～43%NaCleqv。该矿床从成矿早阶段到成矿晚阶段温度-盐度整体呈下降趋势,在主要成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)出现流体沸腾现象。各成矿阶段δ~(18)O、δD同位素变化范围分别为:成矿早阶段(Ⅰ)531‰和-8510‰;主要成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)-153‰～150‰和-974‰～-811‰;成矿晚阶段(Ⅳ)-352‰～-342‰和-939‰～-871‰,成矿流体主要是早阶段的变质水与中晚阶段加入的大气水混合而成。巴依金矿成矿流体表现为一套中低盐度NaCl-H_2O-CO_2流体体系,符合造山型金矿成矿流体特征。综合矿床地质研究,本文认为在晚石炭世-二叠纪喀拉通克岛弧与西伯利亚板块碰撞造山构造体制下,流体混合、压力降低和沸腾作用是巴依金矿床富集成矿的主要机制。     

胶东邢家山矽卡岩型钼矿床成矿流体与成矿机制

邢家山矿床是胶东地区发现的大型矽卡岩型钼多金属矿床。通过野外调研,将成矿过程划分为四个阶段:早矽卡岩阶段、晚矽卡岩阶段、石英硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。对不同阶段流体包裹体研究表明,存在液体包裹体(L)、气体包裹体(V)和含子矿物包裹体(S)三类。激光拉曼探针显示流体的气体分类型为H_2O-H_2S,早和晚矽卡岩阶段均一温度集中在375～450℃,盐度存在14%～15%NaCleqv和大于30%NaCleqv两个端元;石英-硫化物阶段均一温度集中在260～340℃,盐度存在8%～12%NaCleqv和大于50%NaCleqv两个端元;石英-碳酸盐阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在170～200℃,盐度小于10%NaCleqv。该矿床成矿流体具有高温高盐度的特征,且富含H_2S等还原性气体,从矽卡岩阶段到碳酸盐阶段成矿温度和盐度总体有降低的趋势。邢家山钼矿δ~(18) O_(H_2O)值为0.04‰～8.18‰,δ~(13) C_(V-PDB)值为-3. 35‰～-0.73‰,δ~(18) O_(V-SMOW)值为5. 93‰～8. 42‰,δ~(34)S值为6.5～10. 8‰。邢家山矿床成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,后期有大气降水的加入,流体沸腾是成矿的主要机制。     

甘肃小西弓金矿床成矿流体性质及演化:流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据

小西弓金矿床是北山造山带南带重要的中型金矿床,矿体产出受韧性剪切带控制。热液成矿过程由早到晚分为石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸岩阶段。石英-黄铁矿阶段石英中发育富液二相、富气二相和含CO2三相流体包裹体,均一温度范围为228℃~438℃,盐度为4.03%~17.50%NaCleqv,属中高温、中低盐度流体。石英-多金属硫化物阶段石英中发育富液二相、富气二相、含CO2三相和纯液相流体包裹体,均一温度范围为182℃~376℃,盐度为3.23%~12.21%NaCleqv。流体演化过程中发生了流体沸腾和混合作用,这可能是导致金沉淀富集的主要机制。流体沸腾温度区间约为268℃~347℃。成矿早阶段石英中流体包裹体的δ18 O和δD值分别为8.0‰~8.3‰和-84‰~-107‰。结合矿床地质特征和氢氧同位素研究认为,初始成矿流体来自变质热液,晚阶段有大气降水加入。     

内蒙古迪彦钦阿木超大型钼矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制

迪彦钦阿木钼矿是近年来发现的一个超大型斑岩钼矿床,位于大兴安岭中段二连浩特-东乌旗多金属成矿带。本文主要对迪彦钦阿木钼矿床的流体包裹体及硫同位素进行了系统研究。迪彦钦阿木钼矿发育有四个成矿阶段:石英-钾长石阶段、石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段及石英-萤石-碳酸盐阶段。矿床不同阶段的流体包裹体中,富气相(V类)、富液相(L类)和含子晶(S类)包裹体大量共存。显微测温结果显示,第一阶段包裹体均一温度为492～ 600℃,盐度分为两部分:5. 36%NaCleqv(L类)和32. 39%～64. 90%NaCleqv(S类);第二阶段包裹体均一温度为292～510℃,盐度为4. 49%～19. 92%NaCleqv(L类)和28. 43%～70. 21%NaCleqv (S类);第三阶段包裹体均一温度为206～388℃,盐度为2. 24%～22. 71%NaCleqv(L类)和28. 62%～54. 64%NaCleqv(S类);第四阶段包裹体均一温度、盐度最低,均一温度为133～288℃,盐度为0. 88%～7. 86%NaCleqv。流体具有从高温、高盐度向低温低盐度演化趋势。前三个成矿阶段L类、V类和S类包裹体大量共存,端元包裹体均一温度相近,盐度相差很大,表明发生了强烈的流体沸腾作用。多期次的流体沸腾作用是迪彦钦阿木矿床的主要成矿机制。硫同位素研究显示,δ~(34)S值的变化范围是1. 78‰～10. 41‰,暗示着迪彦钦阿木钼矿成矿物质主要来自于岩浆。     

河南省栾川县石窑沟钼矿床地质特征和流体包裹体研究

为探讨石窑沟钼矿床的矿床成因,本文开展了系统的地质及成矿流体特征研究。根据矿脉穿切关系,将热液成矿过程分为早、中、晚3个阶段,其矿物组合分别为石英-钾长石-黄铁矿-辉钼矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-方解石±黄铁矿。研究发现,成矿早、中阶段产出的石英中有水溶液包裹体、纯CO2包裹体、H2O-CO2类包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,而成矿晚阶段产出的石英中仅有水溶液包裹体;对不同阶段包裹体的显微测温和激光拉曼测试结果显示,成矿早阶段成矿流体以高温、高盐度、高氧化性、富CO2为特征;中阶段流体发生沸腾,导致CO2逃逸,还原性增强,成矿物质沉淀;晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、贫CO2为特征。流体沸腾可能是引起辉钼矿沉淀的重要原因。     

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床流体包裹体研究

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床产于大别造山带,属于陆-陆碰撞体制的斑岩型矿床,其流体成矿过程可以分为早、中、晚三个阶段,分别以石英+钾长石±黄铁矿±磁铁矿、石英±钾长石+辉钼矿±其他硫化物和石英±碳酸盐±萤石组合为标志.热液石英和萤石中发育纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、CO2-H2O型包裹体(C型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型).早阶段石英中发育纯CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O型包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,中阶段的石英则发育CO2-H2O型包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,在晚阶段的无矿石英脉中发育水溶液包裹体和少量的CO2-H2O型包裹体,石英-碳酸盐-(萤石)脉石英与萤石中只发育水溶液包裹体.早阶段流体包裹体的均一温度为277～ 380℃,集中于300～ 360℃,盐度变化于3.0％～10.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段包裹体均一温度介于185 ～ 351℃之间,集中在260～ 320℃,盐度介于2.4％ ～9.3％NaCleqv;晚阶段包裹体均一温度为139 ～245℃,盐度介于0.7％ ～6.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段多相包裹体中常见黄铜矿和其他透明子矿物,表明流体具有还原性、过饱和的特征,是矿石矿物沉淀的主要阶段.估算早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别集中于47 ～ 131MPa和26 ～118MPa,所对应的成矿深度分别约为4.7km和2.6～4.2km.上述流体包裹体的研究表明姚冲钼矿床的初始成矿流体具有高温、高盐度、富CO2的特征,同时预测了深部找矿潜能.     

云南省文山县官房钨矿床矿床地质和流体包裹体研究

云南省文山县官房钨矿床是华南西部右江成矿带新近发现的大型钨矿床之一,产于滇东南褶皱带文山-富宁褶皱束薄竹山穹窿南翼。该矿床的形成与薄竹山S类花岗岩有关,形成于燕山期陆内碰撞体制。矿体产于燕山期花岗岩与寒武系碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造的外接触带,矿石构造主要是浸染状和网脉状。围岩蚀变类型复杂、蚀变分带明显,自花岗岩体向外依次为金云母-绿帘石化带→透辉石-透闪石化带→镁橄榄石化带。成矿过程包括矽卡岩阶段(早阶段)、石英-硫化物阶段(中阶段)和石英-碳酸盐(晚阶段)阶段。早阶段矽卡岩矿物(透辉石、石榴石)中发育含CH4的水溶液包裹体和含子矿物包裹体,中阶段石英中发育含CO2、CH4、N2的水溶液包裹体和含子矿物包裹体,晚阶段石英中发育含CO2的水溶液包裹体。各阶段矿物中不发育含石盐子晶包裹体。早阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中于379～550℃,盐度为3.17%～9.86%NaCleqv;中阶段包裹体均一温度集中于250～370℃,盐度为8.95%～10.61%NaCleqv;晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度为115～221℃,盐度为1.74%～5.71%NaCleqv。估算的早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别为45～90MPa和10～30MPa,推测最大成矿深度为3km。上述流体包裹体研究表明成矿流体由早阶段高温、低NaCl的H2O-CH4-NaCl岩浆热液,演化为中阶段中温、低NaCl的H2O-CH4-CO2-NaCl热液体系,最终转化为晚阶段低温、含CO2的大气降水。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with