氢钟守时应用

通过对氢钟时差测量数据的二次差分,获得频率漂移的准确量值后对氢钟时差测量数据进行修正,经过频率漂移修正后的氢钟数据在保持其良好短稳特性的基础上长稳性能得到了较大提升,达到或超过性能中上的高性能管的商品铯钟5071A的常稳指标,这种处理方法能提高守时氢钟对时间实验室所保持的时间尺度的贡献。     

太阳频率漂移的扰动层位置的变化

太阳p模频率随太阳磁活动的变化被称为频率漂移.频率漂移被认为是起源于太阳近表面的一个薄层受到的扰动.利用磁活动指数和太阳模型来计算频率漂移的方法之前已经建立起来了.在这种方法中,频率漂移值依赖于磁活动强度和扰动源位置.磁活动强度正比于磁活动指数.扰动源的位置之前被认为是固定的.研究了扰动源位置的变化.利用观测的太阳p模震动频率和Ca II指数,发现了扰动源的位置可能是随着太阳磁活动而变化的.在太阳活动极大时,扰动源位置较深,而在太阳活动极小时,扰动源位置较浅.     

低纬子午环的轴准直器与枢轴不规则的测定

本文论述了因枢轴不规则和两个叉臂的温差引起水平轴指向漂移的影响；详细叙述了用轴准直器测定和修正这种影响的方法；并且给出了测定轴准直器参数的方法。精度估计表明，在低纬子午环上使用了电水准器和轴准直器后，对枢轴的加工精度降低了一个数量级，并且降低了对轴系稳定性的要求，然而测量和修正这些误差的精度却是很高的。     

低漂移外腔半导体激光器驱动电路的设计

针对自制的852nm外腔半导体激光器,设计了一套低漂移的外腔半导体激光器驱动电路。通过恒温控制模块控制激光二极管的温度,高稳恒流源驱动激光二极管,外腔温控电路用于外腔的温度控制,高压恒压源控制外腔中压电陶瓷的长度。阐述了各部分电路的工作原理,并为降低激光器的频率漂移对电路做了优化。测试结果显示,1h内激光器频率漂移降为15MHz。     

基于LabwindowsCVI的外腔半导体激光器数字稳频系统设计

为抑制外腔半导体激光器频率漂移,提高频率稳定性,提出一种数字稳频方法。该方法采用数据采集卡,基于LabwindowsCVI语言实现数字锁相放大模块获得稳频误差信号,通过此信号控制压电陶瓷电压,将852 nm外腔半导体激光器的频率锁在铯原子谱线上,实现20 s频率稳定度8.7×10-11。该数字稳频方法降低了人力成本,易升级和修改,具有移植性好和用户界面友好等优点。     

无线传感器网络中基于时钟漂移补偿的时间同步技术

在分析和总结现有时间同步算法的特点及其存在问题的基础上,提出了一种在无线传感器网络的时间同步协议（TPSN）中同时考虑节点时钟偏移和频率漂移率的改进算法。该算法利用连续两次同步过程中所记录的时间信息来估算节点时钟的偏移和频率漂移率,并进行补偿。同传统算法相比,此算法通讯成本较低、精度较高。最后通过数学分析和仿真的方法对所提出的改进算法进行了验证。     

日球边界射电辐射的研究进展

日球边界射电辐射是太阳系最强的射电辐射现象,辐射功率至少达1013 W,能够提供日球边界附近高能电子束和背景磁等离子体结构的重要物理信息.自1983年旅行者号卫星首次探测到日球边界射电辐射后,其便受到研究者们的广泛持续关注.日球边界射电辐射大致有两类:辐射频率相对较高的瞬时辐射或称漂移辐射以及辐射频率相对较低的持续辐射或称非漂移辐射.通常两类辐射都从大约2 kHz开始,漂移辐射具有向高频率漂移的特征,频漂率约为1–3 kHz/yr,频率范围1.8–3.6 kHz,持续时间较短大致100–300 d;非漂移辐射没有明显的频率漂移,频率范围1.8–2.6 kHz,持续时间较长大致3 yr.目前普遍认为日球边界射电辐射与激波有关.介绍了该射电辐射可能的辐射产生源区、辐射物理机制以及与辐射相关的激波来源,并且讨论了尚存在的科学问题以及展望了未来可以进一步开展的研究.     

长期稳定微波辐计增益的一种方法

本文介绍了一种用来稳定全功率型微波辐射计增益、减小增益漂移、提高它实测灵敏度的方法,实验结果证明这种方法是可行的,具有实用意义,特别是在毫米波段。     

太阳耀斑中的射电漂移结构

结合紫金山天文台的太阳射电观测资料,对太阳耀斑中的射电漂移结构进行研究。过去的观测发现,漂移结构太阳耀斑产生的射电爆发伴随一种特殊的结构。观测特征是其中的细结构是由许多小脉冲组成,但整体随时间漂移。过去观测到的这种结构是向低频漂移。观测上他们与太阳耀斑中的等离子团抛射相对应。2003年3月18日,紫金山天文台射电频谱仪观测到的漂移结构是漂向高频。     

基于脉冲星的星载钟时间修正算法研究

讨论了一种对长期在轨运行的星载钟的钟差进行修正的方法,该方法以导航用毫秒脉冲星作为高稳定度频率源,采用卡尔曼最优估计算法对星载钟进行控制。仿真计算表明,该方法可以有效提高星载钟的长期频率稳定度,增强星载钟的长期自主运行能力。     

Third Integral and the Dynamics of the Galaxy in the Neighborhood of the Sun

Observational data on the dynamics of stars in the neighborhood of the sun indicate the existence of a third integral besides the integrals of the angular momentum and energy. The Poincaré integral is proposed as a third integral. The consequences of this assumption are derived and compared with available astrophysical data.     

耀变体亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的相关性讨论

耀变体(Blazars)的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量和吸积率有重要关系。搜集了53个耀变体源样本,包括22个蝎虎天体(BL Lacs)和31个平谱射电类星体(Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars,FSRQs),研究了耀变体亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的分布,并对子类中亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的相关性进行了讨论。研究结果表明:(1)蝎虎天体与平谱射电类星体的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的分布存在明显差异,这可能与蝎虎天体与平谱射电类星体的内禀性质有关,也可能与其有无发射线及发射线的强弱有关;(2)蝎虎天体的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量之间的相关性较强,亮温度可以在一定程度上描述蝎虎天体的黑洞喷流能量,亮温度大的蝎虎天体喷流携带的能量也较大;(3)平谱射电类星体的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量之间有弱相关性,平谱射电类星体的亮温度不能清楚地描述黑洞喷流能量,黑洞喷流能量受亮温度影响较小,平谱射电类星体的黑洞喷流能量可能受到其他因素的影响;(4)耀变体的亮温度与黑洞吸积率之间有弱的相关性。     

在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应

介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。     

Impact of the Quadrupole Moment of the Sun on the Dynamics of the Earth-Moon System

Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J₂ arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from around 10^-7 until to 10^-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J₂ values by giving an upper bound of J₂. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10^-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J₂ have to be smaller than 3.0 10^-6. As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10^-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as effect (with J₂ = 5.5±1.3 × 10^-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration. The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions. The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of , , and . As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of solar system models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the planetary acceleration and the rotation of the Earth

We have developed a cosmological model for the Earth rotation and planetary acceleration that gives a good account (data) of the Earth astronomical parameters. These data can be compared with the ones obtained using space-base telescopes. The expansion of the universe has shown to have an impact on the rotation of planets, and in particular, the Earth. The expansion of the universe causes an acceleration that is exhibited by all planets.     

On the design of the PEPSI spectropolarimeter for the LBT

We present the design concept of the spectropolarimeter for the high‐resolution echelle spectrograph PEPSI tobe installed at the 2 × 8.4 m Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in Arizona. We discuss the optical key elements, the principles of operations of the instrument and its instrumental polarization effects (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the role of the motion of the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic field lines

By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity v_f of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line v_z and B_z being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of v_z, and v_f is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity v_l of the moving curve of constant B_z is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or v_f in the direction of v_l. Since v_l can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and v_f near the neutral line.     

On the origin of the solar system and the exceptional position of the Sun in the Galaxy

The solar system's position in the Galaxy is an exclusive one, since the Sun is close to the corotation circle, which is the place where the angular velocity of the galactic differential rotation is equal to that of density waves displaying as spiral arms. Each galaxy contains only one corotation circle; therefore, it is an exceptional place. In the Galaxy, the deviation of the Sun from the corotation is very small — it is equal to ΔR/R _⊙≈0.03, where ΔR=R _c ?R _⊙,R _c is the corotation distance from the galactic center andR _⊙ is the Sun's distance from the galactic center. The special conditions of the Sun's position in the Galaxy explain the origin of the fundamental cosmogony timescalesT ₁≈4.6×10⁹ yr,T ₂?10⁸ yr,T ₃?10⁶ yr detected by the radioactive decay of various nuclides. The timescaleT ₁ (the solar system's ‘lifetime’) is the protosolar cloud lifetime in a space between the galactic spiral arms. The timescaleT ₂ is the presolar cloud lifetime in a spiral arm.T ₃ is a timescale of hydrodynamical processes of a cloud-wave interaction. The possibility of the natural explanation of the cosmogony timescales by the unified process (on condition that the Sun is near the state of corotation) can become an argument in favour of the fact that the nearness to the corotation is necessary for the formation of systems similar to the Solar system. If the special position of the Sun is not incidental, then the corotation circles of our Galaxy, as well as those of other galaxies, are just regions where situations similar to ours are likely to be found.     

Perturbations by the oblateness of the Earth and by the planets in the motion of the Moon

Perturbations in the motion of the Moon are computed for the effect by the oblateness of the Earth and for the indirect effect of planets. Based on Delaunay's analytical solution of the main problem, the computations are performed by a method of Fourier series operation. The effect of the oblateness of the Earth is obtained to the second order, partly adopting an analytical evaluation. Both in longitude and latitude are found a few terms whose coefficient differs from the current lunar ephemeris based on Brown's theory by about 0.01. While, concerning the indirect effect of planets, several periodic terms in the current ephemeris seem to have errors reaching 0.05.As for the secular variations of and due to the figure of the Earth and the indirect effect of planets, the newly-computed values agree within 1/cy with Brown's results reduced to the same values of the parameters. Further, the accelerations in the mean longitude, and caused by the secular changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbite and in the obliquity of the ecliptic are obtained. The comparison with Brown shows an agreement within 0.3/cy² for the former cause and 0.02/cy² for the latter. An error is found in the argument of the principal term for the perturbations due to the ecliptic motion in the current ephemeris.Proceedings of the Conference on Analytical Methods and Ephemerides: Theory and Observations of the Moon and Planets. Facultés universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium, 28–31 July, 1980.