共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 43 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
在收集大量调查资料的基础上,对河北省北部地震次生灾害做了预测,认为地震火灾、毒气泄漏和地震水灾是震后可能发生的较为严重的地震次生灾害。张家口、宣化、唐山和秦皇岛市具备发生大型地震火灾的条件,张家口市、怀来县和唐山市有可能发生地震引发的毒气泄漏、官厅、密云、陡河及山西省的册田水库大坝震后出现险情引起的地震水灾将对我省北部造成危害。地震造成的剧毒物质、腐蚀性物质及人工放射源的泄漏的散落也应引起高度重视 相似文献
4.
地震次生灾害预测和评价的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为了实现对地震次生灾害进行半定量化观测 ,以山西古交市为例 ,通过对次生灾害源分级和对预测区工作区域分级的方法 ,对该市的地震次生灾害进行了预测研究 ,结果表明 ,对次生灾害源分级和对预测区工作区域分区的方法是一种可行的半定量化预测地震次生灾害的方法 相似文献
5.
以地震次生火灾为研究对象,构建了地震次生火灾的指标体系,在此基础上应用层次分析法建立数学模型,初步研究了地震次生火灾区划的方法. 相似文献
6.
较为全面地分析了胜利油田次生灾害源的特点和抗御地震次生灾害的能力,针对一些次生灾害源抗御地震能力较低的同题,提出了合理化的整改建议。 相似文献
7.
1933年8月25日,四川省茂县叠溪发生7级地震,古城叠溪全城被毁,震后45天地震堰塞湖溃决,又造成严重的次生水灾,地震和水灾均引起惨重伤亡。根据对历史资料的考证和分析,初步认为:茂县境内直接死于地震的常住居民为6 865人,该地震造成的死亡总人数约7 000人;地震次生水灾的死亡人数尚难以准确统计,"2 500余人"和"4 000人左右"的说法相对来说比较可信。 相似文献
8.
2008年汶川地震诱发了大量的次生山地灾害.本文以多源、多时相的遥感影像(TM、ASTER、SPOT)作为信息源,基于地学知识,采用图像增强、人机交互的方式对甘肃省文县地区汶川地震引发的次生山地灾害进行解译.以ArcGIS软件为处理平台,运用空间分析技术,将解译结果与海拔高度、坡度、植被覆盖度和地震烈度进行空间分析,获得了研究区次生山地灾害的分布规律,其特点为:文县境内的次生山地灾害主要分布在20°~60°的边坡;多发生在1 000~2 500m的海拔高程范围内;主要分布在地震烈度Ⅶ度及以上区域. 相似文献
9.
根据大量历史记载探讨了1695年临汾大地震次生灾害的教训,以地震社会学角度分析了大震救灾的经验,用震源力学观点研究了大地震预报的可能性。 相似文献
10.
介绍了地震后可能引发的地震火灾、爆炸等次生灾害;讨论了地震火灾及损失的影响因素;根据次生灾害源的分布,初步定性预测它们可能带来的损失及影响。 相似文献
11.
中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征 总被引:28,自引:2,他引:28
本文总结了中国云南、川西地区1970年以来M≥6.7级强震的滑坡资料,归纳了该区地震诱发滑坡的地质地貌特征。认为把地震滑坡按其运动方式而划分为推移式滑坡、牵引式滑坡、溜滑性滑坡和崩塌性滑坡这四种类型有利于对地震滑坡灾害的评估。统计结果表明,大部分滑坡体的体积小于50000m ̄3,滑坡体的厚度以0.5-5m为主,因而西南地区的地震滑坡以浅层小型滑坡为主;滑坡均发生于第四系堆积层中,其中又以残积层中最为发育;这些滑坡主要沿四种结构软弱面发生;边坡的坡度对滑坡亦有一定的控制作用,一般来说,滑坡主要发生在坡度为30°-50°的斜坡上,其中最有利的坡度为35一40;地震滑坡的分布面积则主要取决于震级的大小,虽然它们之间没有明显的相关关系,但随震级的加大,地震滑坡的最大震中距和最大分布面积大致是增加的。一般来说,产生新的滑坡所需的最小地震烈度为7度,而诱发老滑坡所需的最小烈度则为6度,二者相差约1度左右。此外,滑坡的分布在很大程度上受地震断层的控制,其分布主方向和地震断层的方向大致相同。最后,本文在归纳了西南地区地震滑坡灾害特点的基础上,提出了在西南地区进行地震滑坡灾害评价的若干要点。 相似文献
12.
不同地区地震活动的强度和频率是不同的.基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡危险研究在综合了地震烈度、位置、复发时间等因素的基础上,考虑了地震动峰值加速度时空分布的特点,可以有效地应用于潜在地震滑坡危险区区划.以汶川地震灾区为研究对象,根据研究区的地质构造、地震活动特点等划分出灾区的潜在震源区,对该区进行地震危险性分析,并在此基础上采用综合指标法做出基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡危险性区划.所得地震滑坡危险性区划按照滑坡危险程度分为高危险、较高危险、较低危险和低危险四级,表示未来一段时间内研究区在遭受一定超越概率水平的地震动作用下,不同地区地震滑坡发生的可能程度. 本文给出的地震滑坡危险性区划结果中,汶川地震滑坡崩塌较发育的汶川、北川、茂县等部分区域均处于高危险或较高危险区域;在对具有较高DEM精度的北川擂鼓镇地区所作的地震滑坡危险性区划中,汶川地震中实际发生的地震滑坡灾害与地震滑坡危险区划结果表现出较好的一致性.对区域范围而言,基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡区划,可为初期阶段的土地规划使用及重大工程选址提供参考. 相似文献
13.
14.
Defining the possible scenario of earthquake-induced landslides, Arias intensity is frequently used as a shaking parameter, being considered the most suitable for characterising earthquake impact, while Newmark׳s sliding-block model is widely used to predict the performance of natural slopes during earthquake shaking. In the present study we aim at providing tools for the assessment of the hazard related to earthquake-induced landslides at regional scale, by means of new empirical equations for the prediction of Arias intensity along with an empirical estimator of coseismic landslide displacements based on Newmark׳s model. The regression data, consisting of 205 strong motion recordings relative to 98 earthquakes, were subdivided into a training dataset, used to calculate equation parameters, and a validation dataset, used to compare the prediction performance among different possible functional forms and with equations derived from previous studies carried out for other regions using global and/or regional datasets. Equations predicting Arias intensities expected in Greece at known distances from seismic sources of defined magnitude proved to provide more accurate estimates if site condition and focal mechanism influence can be taken into account. Concerning the empirical estimator of Newmark displacements, we conducted rigorous Newmark analysis on 267 one-component records yielding a dataset containing 507 Newmark displacements, with the aim of developing a regression equation that is more suitable and effective for the seismotectonic environment of Greece and could be used for regional-scale seismic landslide hazard mapping. The regression analysis showed a noticeable higher goodness of fit of the proposed relations compared to formulas derived from worldwide data, suggesting a significant improvement of the empirical relation effectiveness from the use of a regionally-specific strong-motion dataset. 相似文献
15.
16.
地震应急中诱发滑坡灾害致灾距离快速评估方法研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
地震诱发滑坡灾害在我国分布很广,尤以西部山区为重.地震滑坡不仅会造成巨大的经济损失和众多的人员伤亡,还会对震后应急救援方案的制定、救援路线的选择造成重大影响.为此,本文对建国以来300多个震例进行了分析研究,结合地震应急快速评估的实际工作需求,给出了在不同工作阶段进行地震诱发滑坡致灾距离评估的3种方法,并将本研究结果同其他研究结果进行分析比较,认为本研究所得结果比较适合于实际的应急灾害快速评估工作. 相似文献
17.
18.
地震次生崩滑是震后较长时间内严重危害人们生活的地质灾害之一, 对其展开危险性评价具有重要意义。 本文选取2008年汶川地震的重灾区汶川县为研究区, 基于遥感数据, 利用GIS技术手段, 结合研究区地质环境背景进行地震次生崩滑危险性评价。 选取逻辑回归模型, 将研究区划分为不危险、 轻微危险、 较危险、 危险和极危险5个等级, 实现了基于Logistic模型的区域内地震次生崩滑地质环境危险性评价。 相似文献
19.
Ali M. Rajabi M. Khamehchiyan Mohammad R. Mahdavifar V. Del Gaudio 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010
Arias intensity is considered as a shaking parameter suitable for characterizing earthquake impact on ground stability. Within the framework of a study aimed at providing tools for the assessment of hazards related to earthquake-induced slope failures, Arias intensity attenuation relations were determined for the Zagros Mountains region, an active tectonic belt elongated NW–SE in the western and south-western part of Iran. The calculation of relation coefficients was based on strong-motion data of earthquakes located in the Zagros area and recorded by Iranian stations managed by the Building and Housing Research Center of Iran (BHRC). Five models of attenuation relation were considered and their coefficients were estimated through a least-square regression analysis. The relations obtained were then applied to a data sample different from that used for regression and the root mean square (RMS) of residuals was examined in order to compare effectiveness of different relations in probabilistic estimates. Furthermore a comparison made with attenuation relations obtained for Alborz and the central part of Iran showed significant differences possibly related to structural differences. 相似文献
20.
Seismic performance of natural slopes, earth structures and solid-waste landfills can be evaluated through displacement-based methods in which permanent displacements induced by earthquake loading are assumed to progressively develop along the critical sliding surface as a result of transient activation of plastic mechanisms within the soil mass. For sliding mechanisms of general shape the earthquake-induced displacements should be computed using a model that provides a closer approximation of sliding surface. When large permanent displacement are induced by seismic actions, due to substantial shear strength reduction, and significant changes in ground surface occur, an improved estimate of permanent displacement can be obtained using a model which accounts for shear strength reduction and mass transfer between adjacent portions of the slope resulting from geometry changes of ground surface during the seismic event.In this paper, a GLE-based model is proposed for seismic displacement analysis of slopes that accounts for shear strength degradation and for geometry rearrangement. Model accuracy is validated against experimental results obtained from shaking table tests carried out on small scale model slopes. Comparison of computed and experimental results demonstrates the capability of the proposed approach in capturing the main features of the observed seismic response of the model slopes. 相似文献