Heinrich事件和末次冰期气候的不稳定性

对北大西洋深海沉积物的研究表明：末次冰期北大西洋沉积物记录中有多次洋面温度降低、有孔虫含量减少、盐度降低和粗颗粒的碳酸盐碎屑快速堆积的现象，这些时间跨度上千年或几百年的气候快速波动被称为Heinrich事件^{［１－４］}，很难用古气候的米兰科维奇理论来解释。最近对末次冰期中国马兰黄土堆积的调查发现，在末次冰期之中东亚冬季风也有多次加强，它与北大西洋沉积物中的Heinrich事件对应很好，暗示着东亚季风的变迁更直接受控于北半球冰量的变化，而不是过去人们认为的东亚古季风气候变化与地球轨道变化引起太阳辐射变化直接相关。      

32kaB.P.以来东北二龙湾玛珥湖沉积序列的粒度特征及其古环境意义

玛珥湖沉积物是古气候环境变化记录的优良载体^[1]。近年来,我国玛珥湖沉积序列的高分辨率古气候记录研究取得了重要进展^[2～6]。东北玛珥湖沉积序列的多指标高分辨率古气候研究,揭示了末次盛冰期以来东亚季风区北缘气候变化与全球性气候事件包括短期气候事件有良好的对应关系^[4,7]。本文对东北二龙湾玛珥湖沉积序列进行了系统的粒度分析,阐明32kaB.P.以来的粒度组成及其变化的基本特征,在此基础上初步探讨该沉积剖面粒度变化的古环境意义。二龙湾玛珥湖（42°18.1′N,126°21.4′E）位于吉林省辉南县境内,据四海龙湾玛珥湖约30km,海拔高度724m,湖区周围分布着茂密的森林植被。     

末次间冰期以来沙漠-黄土边界带移动与气候变化

位于现代季风区边缘的沙漠－黄土边界带，具有高度不稳定性。末次间冰期以来历经多次北进南退移动和暖湿、冷干变化。依据古风成砂－黄土－古土壤叠覆更替的沉积序列和磁化率等气候代用指标分析，对末次间冰期以来，尤其是特征时期边界带的位置进行了讨论。其中，盛冰期时移动幅度最大，南界可能达３０°Ｎ左右；末次间冰期和全新世气候鼎盛期最靠西北，南界在古长城以北。全球冰期－间冰期波动导致的气候变化以及东亚冬夏季风强弱变化是控制边界带移动和气候变化的根本因素。     

末次冰期东亚季风快速波动的模式与成因

通过对位于东亚季风区中东部与西部边缘的两个高分辨率黄土剖面记录的对比研究，发现它们不仅捕捉到了20个Dansgaard Oeschger事件与6个Heinrich事件，而且黄土记录与GRIP冰芯记录的这些快速气候波动基本上是同步的。暗示在整个末次冰期，东亚季风气候同样存在千年—百年尺度上的快速波动。所不同的是，西面的沙沟剖面对这些快速气候波动的反应比东面的王官剖面敏感。结合末次冰期中国黄土记录的先前研究结果，我们发现，自西向东Dansgaard Oeschger旋回的幅度逐渐变小，推测这主要是由西风与东亚夏季风共同作用所造成的。     

东亚季风气候对Heinrich2事件的响应:来自石笋的高分辨率记录

据湖北省神农架天鹅洞一支石笋11个230Th年龄和254个δ18O数据,建立了28.5～22.0kaB.P.同位素分辨率平均约30a的东亚季风气候变化序列。该石笋δ18O曲线与南京葫芦洞石笋记录在重叠时段基本一致,说明本区石笋δ18O反映了区域性东亚季风经向环流特征。在24.3kaB.P.左右,石笋δ18O明显正偏,持续时间近1ka,指示一次显著的弱夏季风事件,与北大西洋倒数第二次冰漂碎屑事件(Heinrich2)同步发生,可视为东亚季风气候对H2事件的响应。高分辨率的δ18O序列揭示了H2事件的内部结构特征:(1)事件发生的突变性,石笋δ18O记录指示事件发生时在100a内δ18O从-8.59‰迅速正偏为-6.75‰,振幅达1.84‰;(2)事件结束的渐变性,δ18O正偏到-6.75‰后便以阶梯状缓慢负偏到-8.86‰至事件结束,持续时间近900a。这一过程与末次盛冰期东亚季风气候H1事件表现的季风强弱转换方式基本一致,说明末次盛冰期东亚季风气候H型事件具有共同的内部结构特征。研究表明,末次盛冰期东亚季风气候H事件的突变可能受北大西洋驱动并经青藏高原冰川变化放大。     

我国低纬季风区晚冰期以来水文变化：南岭东部高分辨率湖沼沉积记录

南岭东部定南大湖盆地湖沼相沉积高分辨率记录揭示了16.0cal ka BP以来的水文变化过程。由于该盆地主要以降水补给为主,故其水文变化过程是该地区气候与环境变化的忠实反映。多气候代用指标揭示晚冰期以来的Oldest Dryas、Blling、Older Dryas、Allerd和Younger Dryas等短尺度气候快速变化事件。10.0～6.0cal ka BP期间,该地区降水最为丰沛,暗示了夏季风在该时期最强盛,但在约9.7～9.4cal ka BP和8.8～8.2calka BP前后出现过降水骤减事件;在6.0～3.0cal ka BP期间,研究区降水显著减少,夏季风势力明显减弱。大湖盆地全新世气候变化记录与我国低纬度区域近年来的研究记录具有很好的一致性,说明低纬地区全新世适宜期应在10.0～6.0cal ka BP期间。在全球气候变化对比上,大湖盆地降水减少时期大多对应于北大西洋深水流或温盐循环减弱时期,也对应于北大西洋浮冰砾高峰时期;早全新世(10.0～6.0cal ka BP)降水丰沛期对应于北大西洋深水流加强时期;表明北大西洋深水流变化所导致的高低纬地区热量差异与我国低纬季风区过去气候变化有某种遥相关。此外,大湖盆地晚冰期以来气候变化趋势与北半球夏季太阳辐射量变化趋势吻合。因此笔者认为东亚低纬季风区晚冰期以来气候变化机制与太阳辐射量变化、大洋温盐循环等有关。     

日本海末次冰期千年尺度古环境变化的地球化学记录

日本海末次冰期交替出现的深色层与浅色层可能记录了格陵兰冰芯指示的Dansgarrd-Oeschger旋回冷暖变化。本文对取自日本海南部KCES1岩芯纹层沉积物进行了高分辨率XRF岩芯扫描地球化学测试,运用因子分析来判别沉积物不同组分和来源。结果显示深色纹层中指示陆源碎屑来源元素Al,K和Ti含量较高,而代表生源组分的元素Ca和Sr含量较低;浅色层相反。深浅色纹层元素含量变化指示的陆源碎屑输入波动记录了Dansgarrd-Oeschger旋回信号,与冷期相比,在温暖期钻孔沉积物中较多的陆源碎屑可能是由加强的东海沿岸流带入日本海。末次冰期格陵兰和北大西洋等高纬地区气候变化导致大气环流和/或洋流系统发生改变,从而对东亚季风降水的调控可能是造成KCES1岩芯中元素含量变化的主要原因。     

千百年尺度气候快速变化及其数值模拟研究进展

千百年尺度全球气候快速变化是古气候研究中的一个重要内容。研究发现，末次冰期和全新世都存在着千年、百年尺度的快速气候变化，其变化幅度可以达到典型的地质变化或天文因子所造成的冰期/间冰期的气候振荡幅度，同时这些古气候事件具有全球性。对冰期和全新世气候变化的数值模拟揭示了气候系统对地球轨道参数变化的响应以及海洋、植被、冰盖、温室气体等反馈因子的重要性,其中大洋温盐环流对北大西洋淡水注入的敏感性与末次冰期和全新世气候快速变化密切相联。利用中等复杂程度的气候模式（EMIC）CLIMBER 2模拟了末次冰期典型时段（60~20 ka BP）D/O和Heinrich事件以及东亚气候的响应过程。模拟研究揭示了全新世青藏高原冰雪环境对亚洲—非洲季风气候的显著影响。今后的古气候模拟研究将在改进模式分辨率、结合古气候代用资料确定更加符合历史时期边界条件以进一步改善气候模式的基础上,更加注重气候突变机制的研究以及加强全球变化背景下的区域气候的长期变化研究。     

黄土高原西部石笋记录的H2事件特征

青藏高原与黄土高原过渡带的甘肃武都万象洞位于现代夏季风的边缘区, 对气候变化极为敏感.通过洞内一支石笋WX40D的6个高精度TIMS-U系定年数据和616个样品的氧同位素测定, 建立了28.3~23.0 ka B.P., 分辨率约为10年的亚洲季风气候变化序列. 石笋δ18O记录揭示Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2)早期东亚季风气候具有10~100 a尺度高频震荡特征, 从中识别出北大西洋Heinrich 2 (H2)特强冷事件, 且记录显示该事件开始于24.6 ka B.P., 呈突发式降温之后持续跌宕式降温变化. 对比研究发现, 万象洞石笋δ18O记录H2事件与葫芦洞、天鹅洞的石笋记录有差别, 但是与湖南金滩湾洞穴石笋δ18O记录、33°N太阳辐射强度以及极地GRIP冰心记录变化趋势一致, 表明季风边缘区气候变化主要受北半球中纬度太阳辐射能背景、北大西洋冰漂碎屑带的扩张以及低纬太平洋海表温度变化等因素的控制, 同时万象洞特殊的地理位置使得区域气候更易受到与极地气候有密切联系的亚洲冬季风和西风环流变化的影响.      

渤海湾北部滦河三角洲晚更新世以来沉积环境划分及碳埋藏速率的评价

【研究目的】 开展渤海湾北部滦河三角洲晚更新世以来不同沉积环境的划分,计算分析碳埋藏速率的大小和控制因素,进一步评价区域碳储能力。【研究方法】 本文对BXZK03孔岩芯开展晚更新世以来的古沉积环境恢复,并取样分析了包括粒度、年代(AMS14C 和OSL)、含水量、有机碳、总碳和其他营养成分等在内的测试指标。【研究结果】 该孔晚更新世以来地层自下而上划分为泛滥平原、海滩沙脊、浅海、障壁沙坝(三角洲前缘)和潟湖的沉积环境单元,各沉积单元平均有机碳埋藏速率大小依次为：障壁沙坝51.47 g/(m²·a)>海滩沙脊32.59 g/(m²·a)>浅海7.82 g/(m²·a)>潟湖4.66 g/(m²·a)。总碳、有机碳与各营养元素具有显著(P< 0.01)线性相关关系,方差分析显示沉积速率和碳浓度分别是滦河三角洲碳埋藏速率的主要控制因素。【结论】 滦河三角洲沉积物中有机碳浓度相对较低,但是在全新世三角洲沉积速率较高,使得有机碳埋藏速率也相对较高,因此具有一定的碳储能力。     

Reconstruction of millennial-scale variations in the East Asian summer monsoon over the past 300 ka based on the total carbon content of sediment from Lake Biwa,Japan

The total carbon content analysis for Takashima-oki core extracted from Lake Biwa with time resolutions of approximately 150 years was used to reconstruct millennial-scale climate change in the East Asian monsoon region over the past 300 ka. The total carbon content of the Takashima-oki core is an indirect proxy for the East Asian summer monsoon, because the total carbon content reflects primary productivity within the lake, which is controlled by precipitation in the catchment area. Using these data, we clarify temporal variations in the East Asian summer monsoon prior to MIS 5, which were previously unresolved. The observed variations show a ∼1,500-year cycle that is also recorded by paleoclimate indices in the North Atlantic region. We propose that the East Asian summer monsoon underwent abrupt millennium-scale changes during interglacial stages such as MIS 5 and 7.     

Distinct climate change synchronous with Heinrich event one, recorded by stable oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions in stalagmites from China

Uranium-series dating of oxygen and carbon isotope records for stalagmite SJ3 collected in Songjia Cave, central China, shows significant variation in past climate and environment during the period 20-10 ka. Stalagmite SJ3 is located more than 1000 km inland of the coastal Hulu Cave in East China and more than 700 km north of the Dongge Cave in Southwest China and, despite minor differences, displays a clear first-order similarity with the Hulu and Dongge records. The coldest climatic phase since the Last Glacial Maximum, which is associated with the Heinrich Event 1 in the North Atlantic region, was clearly recorded in SJ3 between 17.6 and 14.5 ka, in good agreement in timing, duration and extent with the records from Hulu and Dongge caves and the Greenland ice core. The results indicate that there have been synchronous and significant climatic changes across monsoonal China and strong teleconnections between the North Atlantic and East Asia regions during the period 20-10 ka. This is much different from the Holocene Optimum which shows a time shift of more than several thousands years from southeast coastal to inland China. It is likely that temperature change at northern high latitudes during glacial periods exerts stronger influence on the Asian summer monsoon relative to insolation and appears to be capable of perturbing large-scale atmospheric/oceanic circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and thus monsoonal rainfall and paleovegetation in East Asia. Climatic signals in the North Atlantic region propagate rapidly to East Asia during glacial periods by influencing the winter land-sea temperature contrast in the East Asian monsoon region.     

Decoupling of stalagmite-derived Asian summer monsoon records from North Atlantic temperature change during marine oxygen isotope stage 5d

The Asian monsoon is an important component of the global climate system. Seasonal variations in wind, rainfall, and temperature associated with the Asian monsoon systems affect a vast expanse of tropical and subtropical Asia. Speleothem-derived summer monsoon variation in East Asia was previously found to be closely associated with millennial-scale change in temperature in the North Atlantic region between 75 and 10 ka. New evidence recovered from East Asia, however, suggests that the teleconnection between summer monsoon in East Asia and temperature change in the North Atlantic region may have significantly reduced during 120 to ~ 110 ka, a period directly after the full last interglaciation and corresponding roughly to marine oxygen isotope stage 5d. This reduction may be due to the low ice volume in the North Hemisphere at that time, which makes the millennial-scale change in temperature in the North Atlantic region less effective in influencing the Asian summer monsoon. This is important for investigating the mechanisms controlling the Asian summer monsoon and the paleoclimatic teleconnection between East Asia and the North Atlantic region, and for predicting monsoon-associated precipitation in East Asia under a global-warming trend.     

Progress in rapid climate changes and their modeling study in millennial and centennial scales

Rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is one of the most important aspects in paleoclimate study. It has been found that rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is a global phenomenon during both the glacial age and the Holocene with amplitudes typical of geological or astronomical time-scales. Simulations of glacial and Holocene climate changes have demonstrated the response of the climate system to the changes of earth orbital parameter and the importance of variations in feedbacks of ocean, vegetation, icecap and greenhouse gases. Modeling experiments suggest that the Atlantic thermohaline circulation was sensitive to the freshwater input into the North Atlantic and was closely related to the rapid climate changes during the last glacial age and the Holocene. Adopting the Earth-system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs), CLIMBER-2, the response of East Asian climate change to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events during the typical last glacial period (60 ka B.P.-20 ka B.P.) and impacts of ice on the Tibetan plateau on Holocene climate change were stimulated, studied and revealed. Further progress of paleoclimate modeling depends on developing finer-grid models and reconstructing more reliable boundary conditions. More attention should be paid on the study of mechanisms of abrupt climatic changes as well as regional climate changes in the background of global climate change. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1054–1065 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

南海北部MD12-3432站深海氧同位素MIS6期到MIS5期陆源沉积物元素比值反映的古气候变化

海洋沉积物中的某些主微量元素与沉积物源区有着密切的联系,它们之间的比值变化受到源区化学风化强度的影响,因此这些元素的比值变化可以反映出海洋沉积物源区古气候的变化。本文研究了南海北部陆坡MD12-3432站位深海氧同位素6期和5期(MIS6/5) 沉积物的主微量元素,发现其表现出良好的气候控制变化特征,K/Ti、Mg/Ti、Al/Ti、Fe/Ti、Co/Ti、Zn/Ti和V/Ti等比值在MIS 5期时较高,而在MIS6期时较低。南海北部的碎屑物质主要来自中国华南地区,沉积物中元素比值的变化表明间冰期时(MIS5)华南地区陆壳化学风化增强,说明该时期华南陆地气候环境温暖湿润,这可能是间冰期时东亚夏季风加强的结果;而冰期时南海北部沉积物源区化学风化减弱,则与此时东亚冬季风较强,华南地区气候干燥寒冷相关。同时,与表层海水生产力相关的Ba/Ti比值在间冰期较高而冰期较低,反映出南海北部在间冰期时表层生产力较高而冰期时相对较低,这可能是由于东亚夏季风增强带来更多降雨,陆地化学风化作用加强,大量营养成分随河流进入南海,导致南海北部表层海水生产力增加。     

三大自然区过渡地带近50年来气候类型变化及其对气候变化的响应

The transition area of three natural zones (Eastern Monsoon Region, Arid Region of Northwest China, Qinghai Tibet Plateau Region) is influenced by the Asian monsoon and middle latitude westerly circulation because of its special geographical position. And it is more sensitive to global climate change. The Koppen climate classification, which is widely used in the world, and the accumulated temperature-dryness classification, which is usually used in China, were used to study the climate zones and changes in the region of longitude 97.5°~108°E, latitude 33°~41.5°N, from 1961 to 2010. The changing areas of each climate zone were compared to the East Asian Summer Monsoon index, the South Asian Summer Monsoon index, the Summer Westerly index, the East Asian Winter Monsoon index, the Plateau Summer Monsoon index, the North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Southern Oscillation index, NINO3.4 index, to explore the response of the transition area of three natural zones to each climate system. According to the results, this region will become wetter when the Summer Westerly or the East Asian Winter Monsoon is relatively strong. When the East Asian Summer Monsoon or the South Asian Summer Monsoon becomes strong, the climate in low altitude region of the study area will easily become drier, and the climate in high altitude region of the study area is easily to become wetter. When the Plateau Summer Monsoon is relatively strong, the climate in the study area will easily become drier. When the North Atlantic Oscillation is relatively strong, the study area will easily become wetter. And when the El Niño is relatively strong, or the Southern Oscillation is relatively weak, the study area will easily become drier. In general, the moisture status of this region is mainly controlled by the middle latitude westerly circulation. The enhancement of the Asian summer monsoon could increase the precipitation in the southeast part of this regional, but, according to the degrees of dryness and the types of climate change in this paper, warming effects could offset precipitation increasing and make the area drier. The transition area of three natural zones is influenced by multiple interactions of climate systems from East Asia. A single climatic index, such as air temperature or precipitation, can not completely represent the regional features of climate change. As a result, areas of climate zones can be used as an important index in the regional climate change assessment.     

萨拉乌苏河流域末次间冰阶气候——以米浪沟湾剖面为例

米浪沟湾剖面末次间冰阶层序粒度和化学元素波动韵律与由古流动砂丘砂和上覆河湖相或古土壤构成的沉积旋回颇为一致。古流动砂丘砂犹如现代流动砂丘砂,是东亚冬季风主导下干冷气候的产物;河湖相和古土壤颗粒细化,化学、生物等地球风化程度增强,含较多喜暖的软体动物化石,指示其偏南夏季风主导下的温暖湿润气候。据此,末次间冰阶萨拉乌苏河流域至少经历了10次温湿(W事件)和9次冷干(C事件)气候波动,且可划分为MIS3e(58.85~48.98kaBP)、MIS3d(48.98~39.55kaBP)、MIS3c(39.55~34.59kaBP)、MIS3b(34.59~26.47kaBP)和MIS3a(26.47~23.07kaBP)等5个亚段。其中,19次冷/暖波动可与格陵兰GRIP冰心δ18O冰段/间冰段相对应,5个亚段与我国古里雅冰心在波动性质和相位上都极为一致,与V23-81冷性浮游有孔虫数代表的北大西洋地区气候也具有较好的可比性。谱分析显示出21.70ka、1.05ka、0.64ka、0.50ka等显著周期,即该地千百年尺度气候主要受与北大西洋热盐环流波动引起的东亚冬、夏季风强弱有关,而万年尺度上则受控于岁差周期所导致的太阳辐射变化。     

East Asian monsoon instability at the stage 5a/4 transition

The physics involved in the abrupt climate changes of the late Quaternary have eluded paleoclimatologists for many years. More paleoclimatic records characteristic of different elements of the global climate system are needed for better understanding of the cause-feedback relationships in the system. The East Asian monsoon is an important part of the global climate system and the mechanical links between the East Asian monsoon and other climatic elements around the world may hold a key to our knowledge of abrupt climate changes in East Asia and probably over a larger part of the globe. Previous studies have detected millennial-scale winter monsoon oscillations during the last glaciation and probably also during the last interglaciation in loess sequences across China. However, less attention has been paid to the abrupt summer monsoon changes and the stage 5a/ 4 transition, an important period for the evolution of the East Asian monsoon when the global climate shifted towards the last glaciation. Here we report on two loess sections from eastern China which were dated using a thermoluminescence (TL) technique. The pedogenic and other sediment parameters suggest that the summer monsoon experienced a two-step abrupt retreat at the stage 5a/4 transition. The variations in the proxies for the winter monsoon are synchronized with the summer monsoon proxies during this brief interval, implying a direct and immediate link between high latitude and low latitude mechanisms. These changes may be correlated with similar climatic oscillations observed in the North Atlantic, Europe and Antarctica, raising the possibility that the forcing factors that induced these changes are global in extent.     

Climate variability in the Salawusu River valley of the Ordos Plateau (Inner Mongolia,China) during Marine Isotope Stage 3

Fluctuations in climatic proxies of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley of the Ordos Plateau (Inner Mongolia, China) during Marine Isotope stage 3 (MIS 3) coincide well with sedimentary cycles for palaeo‐mobile dune sands alternating with fluvial–lacustrine facies and palaeosols. We compared the palaeo‐mobile dune sands with modern mobile dune sands (products of a cold and dry climate dominated by the East Asian winter monsoon), whereas the fluvial–lacustrine facies and palaeosols were controlled by a wet–warm climate similar to that of the East Asian summer monsoon. The MIS 3 climate of the Salawusu River valley appears to have experienced at least nine wet–warm and ten cold–dry fluctuations, divided into five stages: MIS 3e (58 900–49500 yr BP), MIS 3d (49 500–40 700 yr BP), MIS 3c (40 700–36 900 yr BP), MIS 3b (36 900–27 000 yr BP) and MIS 3a (27 000–22 300 yr BP). The 19 cold–warm climatic fluctuations corresponded roughly to the GRIP and Guliyan records, and with fluctuations in the North Atlantic climate. Notable peaks in the spectral analysis occurred at 19 500 yr, 1020 yr, 640 yr and 500 yr. Our results show that the millennial–centennial climate was closely related to the relative strengths of East Asian monsoons, which are controlled by the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, and which is also closely linked to the Sun's precession period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渤海湾西岸CZ01钻孔沉积物粒度端元分析及其气候—海平面变化响应*

沧州地区位于海陆交互的渤海湾西岸,易受到海平面变化和极端气候事件的影响,对于全球气候变化的响应十分敏感。应用非参数化端元分析模型将沧州地区CZ01钻孔中更新世晚期以来的沉积物粒度划分出6个端元并分析其物源,结合已有地质记录,揭示不同时间尺度下各端元对气候—海平面变化的响应。结果表明: (1)EM1(5.01 μm)主要为远源的风尘输入,EM2(13.18 μm)和EM3(39.81 μm)为古黄河所携带的沉积物,EM4(69.18 μm)和EM5(138.04 μm)为海相沉积物,EM6(275.42 μm)可能指示古洪水等极端气候事件。(2)深海氧同位素(MIS)Ⅰ 阶段,气候温暖湿润,EM4+5含量指示渤海海平面整体呈波动上升的趋势并逐渐接近现代海平面。该阶段内由于11.5 ka BP左右的新仙女木事件以及5.1 ka BP左右冷干事件的发生,渤海海平面在稳定上升状态后出现停滞或小幅下降的现象; 而在9.5 ka BP、7.5 ka BP、5.8 ka BP和1.7 ka BP左右,东亚夏季风增强导致降水增加,渤海海平面升高。(3)MIS Ⅵ 阶段北半球气候冷干,150~132 ka BP左右因喜马拉雅运动减弱造成的区域沉降中心转移致使渤海海面升高。MIS Ⅴ 阶段气候波动剧烈: 在间冰期暖期(5a、5c和5e)气候暖湿,渤海海平面上升; 而MIS5b和5d时期渤海海面高度较低。MIS Ⅳ 阶段较MIS5a末期海平面突然下降后趋于稳定,期间出现若干次小规模海侵事件,可能与东亚夏季风频繁变化有关。MIS Ⅲ 阶段至末次冰盛期海平面大幅度下降且存在周期性升降变化,并在46 ka BP左右出现大规模海侵事件。MIS Ⅱ 阶段较MIS Ⅲ 阶段海平面出现小幅度下降,为低海平面时期; 伴随15 ka BP左右冰盛期的结束,东亚夏季风增强,海平面开始上升。渤海海平面180 ka BP以来的变化记录与北半球乃至全球范围内的地质记录存在一致性,与太阳辐射波动引起的冰川消融及东亚夏季风变化密切相关。