西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包-普守一带早古生代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年

依据1∶25万康西瓦幅区域地质调查成果,重点对西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包-普守一带早古生代花岗岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学及同位素年代学进行了综合研究.岩石学和地球化学特征表明,该花岗岩为高钾钙碱性花岗岩类,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为443.1 Ma±2.3 Ma和430.7 Ma±2.6 Ma,形成时代为晚奥陶世-早志留世.该成果的获得,为进一步系统地研究蒙古包-普守早古生代蛇绿混杂岩带及与其配套的早古生代花岗岩提供了直接的时代证据,为进一步深入地研究西昆仑造山带的地质构造演化提供了新的实际资料.     

西昆仑康西瓦北侧早古生代角闪闪长岩、英云闪长岩的地质特征及其锆石SHRIMP U-pb测试

西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包-普守一带的早古生代俯冲-碰撞型角闪闪长岩、英云闪长岩和黑云二长花岗岩,是开展125万康西瓦幅等4幅区域地质调查项目时发现的.重点对蒙古包早古生代俯冲型角闪闪长岩、英云闪长岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学特征及锆石同位素年代学进行了综合研究,获得了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄440.5Ma±4.6Ma,其形成时代为晚奥陶世.该成果为进一步深入研究西昆仑造山带的地质构造演化提供了新的实际资料.     

西昆仑康西瓦西北部库尔良早古生代角闪闪长岩花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U—Pb测年

依据1:25万康西瓦幅区域地质调查成果,重点对库尔良早古生代深成岩的同位素年代学进行了详细的研究,获得了裂解期细粒黑云母角闪闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄均值506.8Ma±9.8Ma,中粒似斑状花岗闪长岩单颗粒锆石U-Pb法年龄500.2Ma±1.2Ma,表明其形成时代均为中寒武世。该同位素年龄的获得,为进一步详细地研究库地-其曼于特早古生代构造-岩浆岩带的裂解时限提供了直接的时代证据。     

西昆仑康西瓦一带早古生代石英闪长岩的地质特征及其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年

西昆仑康西瓦一带的三十里营房早古生代俯冲型石英闪长岩是开展1∶25万康西瓦幅等4幅区域地质调查项目时发现的,对其岩石学、岩石地球化学特征及锆石同位素年代学进行了综合研究,获得了锆石SHRIMPU-Pb同位素年龄447Ma±7Ma,其形成时代为晚奥陶世。该同位素年龄值的获得表明,康西瓦-苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩带不是前人认为的单一的晚古生代蛇绿构造混杂岩带,可能从早古生代就已开始形成。这为进一步深入研究西昆仑造山带的地质构造演化提供了新的实际资料。     

西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包-普守原特提斯洋一分支小洋盆的发现及构造意义

在1∶25万《康西瓦》幅区域地质调查中,首次在西昆仑康西瓦北侧昆中微陆块南部发现了一条蒙古包—普守原特提斯洋的一个分支小洋盆,其东端与早古生代库地—其曼于特蛇绿岩带相接,西端与康西瓦—苏巴什结合带相通,将中昆仑微陆块分割成了东西两个次级微陆块。由于强烈的构造消减作用,该小洋盆建造出露不全,带内见有超基性岩、基性岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩、硅质岩等,构成蒙古包—普守早古生代蛇绿构造混杂岩带,其中的超基性岩和玄武岩岩石地球化学特征表现出洋岛玄武岩之特征;蒙古包一带的辉绿岩及普守一带的基性侵入岩表现出明显富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素、可能产出于富集地幔的分异,具有洋岛玄武岩或岛弧岩浆岩特征。该分支小洋盆的发现,说明了西昆仑造山带是由多个微陆块块体、增生杂岩楔、蛇绿岩及边缘建造组成的复杂拼合体。     

大别山北淮阳带奥陶纪花岗岩的厘定及其对北秦岭东延的启示

详细的野外地质调查以及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和初步的岩石学研究表明,大别山北淮阳带东段发育早古生代奥陶纪花岗岩。这些花岗岩经过了强烈的构造变形、局部发育片麻理和绿帘角闪岩相变质作用,形成时代为457±2 Ma,与北淮阳带西段马畈闪长岩的形成时代以及北秦岭?桐柏造山带一期与大洋俯冲相关的早古生代岛弧岩浆作用时代一致。结合区域地质背景和盆地沉积分析,证明北秦岭古生代俯冲增生造山带至少向东延伸到大别山北淮阳带的金寨及相邻地区。研究区古生代花岗岩及相关岩石的进一步研究,将为大别山碰撞造山带的古生代构造演化以及华南与华北板块之间的汇聚?拼贴过程提供新的制约。     

蒙古国南戈壁Harshatewula地区二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对蒙古国南戈壁Harshatewula地区二长花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb精确定年。结果表明,该岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为326.4±1.1Ma,成岩时代为早石炭世。本次所测岩体年龄是迄今为止该区获得的较为可靠的直接测年数据,为北山构造带、哈尔力克-大南湖岛弧带与蒙古戈壁-天山古生代岛弧岩浆岩带为一条古生代岛弧岩浆岩带的认识提供了年龄依据,对该区构造地质演化研究具有重要意义。     

西昆仑康西瓦北部冬巴克片麻状英云闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U—Pb测年

西昆仑冬巴克寒武纪片麻状英云闪长岩是1:25万康西瓦幅、岔路口幅等4幅区域地质调查项目,首次从原划古元古界埃连卡特岩群中解体出来的一套侵入岩。重点对该套侵入岩的岩石学和同位素年代学进行了研究,获得了高精度锆石SHRIMP U- Pb同位素年龄502Ma±9Ma,其形成时代为中寒武世。该同位素资料的获得,为进一步深入详细地研究塔里木陆块与西昆仑造山带的地质构造演化提供了新的实际资料。     

小兴安岭东部早古生代花岗岩的发现及其构造意义

通过全岩-单矿物的Rb-Sr法和锆石激光剥蚀等离子体U-Pb法定年研究,确定小兴安岭东部地区存在508～471Ma的早古生代花岗岩.根据岩石学和年代学的特征.进一步将小兴安岭东部地区的早古生代花岗岩划分为与高级变质岩伴生的片麻状花岗冈长岩-二长花岗岩(508Ma+15Ma)、块状花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩(499Ma+1Ma)和碱长-碱性花岗岩(471 Ma±3Ma)3种岩石组合类型.上述3类花岗岩组合的依次出现反映了同碰撞-碰撞后伸展的构造演化特点,表明小兴安岭东部早古生代存在碰撞造山事件.     

新疆西昆仑造山带康西瓦含绿柱石白云母伟晶岩的地质特征与年代学研究

新疆康西瓦-大红柳滩伟晶岩带是西昆仑造山带重要的LCT型稀有金属伟晶岩矿床密集区,其中康西瓦绿柱石白云母伟晶岩和大红柳滩锂辉石伟晶岩分别为矿带内具代表性的伟晶岩型铍矿床和锂矿床。该矿带受自然条件所限,研究程度不高。现有的对矿带中伟晶岩的研究主要针对大红柳滩岩体及大红柳滩锂矿床的地球化学及成岩成矿时代,获得的成岩成矿年龄为220～210Ma,而对于康西瓦铍矿的研究成果很少。笔者在野外地质调研的基础上,总结了康西瓦铍矿床的地质特征,利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法,获得康西瓦绿柱石白云母伟晶岩结晶年龄为(209±4.4)Ma,与大红柳滩锂辉石伟晶岩及大红柳滩岩体形成时代一致,反映了三者为同一期岩浆活动产物。同时康西瓦伟晶岩中锆石还记录了200Ma左右经历了一次热液活动和160Ma左右的变质作用。前人利用白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法获得康西瓦伟晶岩的年龄为185～156Ma,明显年轻于该地区岩体与伟晶岩中锆石、锡石及铌钽铁矿的U-Pb年龄,可能为康西瓦伟晶岩遭受变质作用使白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar同位素体系发生热扰动所致。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the