古生物迁移,海水进退与地质力学

古生物学经历了4个发展阶段:形态古生物学阶段、古生态学阶段、古生物地理学阶段和古生物迁移研究阶段。古生物迁移研究是古生物学现代发展的必然结果。李四光教授早在20年代就注意到古生物迁移现象,并把古生物迁移资料应用于海水进退规程的研究中。到了60年代,李四光教授再次强调古生物迁移研究的重要意义。可以认为,古生物迁移,不仅是地质力学基础理论的一个极重要的研究领域,而且更是地壳运动理论和古生物学发展的一个极重要的研究课题。      

硅质岩中的前寒武纪微古化石及其生物地层意义

最近30—35年以来在暗色细粒的硅质岩中发现许多微古生物,已知产地几十个,在34—5.7亿年的地层中。苏联在西伯利亚及其边缘褶皱区发现了里菲和文德期的微古生物30余个种。将这些微古生物划分为28个不同时代(5.7—22.5亿年)的共分三个类别:球状细胞的,桶状、管状罩的和细胞轴状的毛状线型的。这三种类型在时间     

安徽省古生物化石保护区划研究

通过对安徽省各地质时代古生物化石产地进行调查,本文根据《国家古生物化石分级标准(试行)》和《省级古生物化石保护规划编制指南》对安徽省古生物化石产地进行区划研究。结果显示安徽省化石产地主要分布于淮北-宿州、沿江地区和黄山地区。将古生物化石产地划分为3个重点保护古生物化石特别集中区,3个重点保护古生物化石集中区和4个一般保护古生物化石集中区。     

江苏东台廉贻地区大湾组动物群的发现及其意义

<正> 1979年,在东台县廉贻公社张岳庄村边的荻3井2747—2827.5米井段钻遇一套灰岩地层,在岩芯中,陈永祥首次发现三叶虫和腕足类化石,古生物组确定该段地层为大湾组。我们对该井段的岩芯和岩屑进行了系统分析,获得了多种化石。其中大湾组牙形刺14属16种(包括4个未定种),三叶虫5属5种(包括1个未定种),腕足类5属,腹足类2属,     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上奥陶统平凉组岩石特征及沉积环境

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上奥陶统平凉组岩石特征及沉积环境,基于沉积学相关理论和方法,根据野外露头、古生物及粒度分析等资料,对研究区岩石特征、沉积相及主控因素开展了研究。结果表明：(1)研究区平凉组可划分3种岩相和2种岩相组合。(2)通过综合研究岩性、古生物、沉积构造及粒度参数等资料,确定平凉组沉积环境为深水斜坡。(3)沉积相为海底扇,在此基础上可划分为中扇和下扇2个亚相,近端朵叶和远端朵叶2个微相。(4)海底扇的主控因素为相对海平面升降、构造运动和物源供给。     

云南省板块构造与古生物地理区的划分

作者根据云南省的地层、古生物地理区和古地磁资料的综合分析，将其划分为杨子板块、澜沧板块和保山板块。这三个构造单元中，前二者的古生物群基本相同，属于南方古生物地理区，后者发育了冈瓦纳相沉积，属于滇西古生物地理区。据现有古地磁数据，杨子板块从寒武－石炭纪位于南半球，自二叠纪才开始漂移到北半球地区；保山和澜沧二个板块，在古生代时期处于南半球区，之后它们分别在晚二叠世末期、三叠纪迁移入北半球。最后，在中侏罗世三个板块发生了相互碰撞，从而拼合为一个整体。     

云南省板块构造与古生物地理区的划分

作者根据云南省的地恨，古生物地理区和古地磁资料的综合分析，将其划分为扬子板块，澜沧板块和保山板块。这三个构造单元中，前二者的古生物群基本相同，属于南方古生物地理区，后者发育了冈瓦纳相沉积，属于滇西古生物地理区。据现有古地磁数据，扬子板块从寒武－石炭纪位于南半球，自二叠纪才开始漂移到北半球地区；保山和澜沧二个板块，在古生代时期处于南半球区，之后它们分别在晚三叠世末期，三叠纪迁移入北半球。最后，在中侏     

东北地区青年古生物工作者学术讨论会在长春召开

为纪念“五四”运动70周年,根据中国古生物学会的安排,学会东北组于1989年12月19日至20日在长春召开了“东北地区青年古生物工作者学术讨论会。”来自东北三省8个单位的青年古生物工作者近30人参加了会议。 学会理事、东北组组长米家榕教授致开幕词,说明了这次会议的意义,指出古生物     

地质历史上的大规模海进和生命演化过程研讨会在焦作举行

由江苏省古生物学会、中国古生物学会古生态专业委员会、河南省古生物学会、安徽省古生物学会、湖北省古生物学会和江苏省地质学会地层古生物专业委员会联合主办,河南理工大学资源环境学院协办的”地质历史上的大规模海进和生命演化过程研讨会”于11月12日至15日在河南省焦作市召开,来自9省、市28个科研单位、大专院校、博物馆、石油、煤炭与地质生产单位的106位代表参加了会议。     

渤海中部馆陶组层序地层特征及其底界研究

通过以岩电性、古生物、地震层序为基础的层序地层学研究,结合区域研究资料,在馆陶组识别出低位、水进和高位三种体系域;利用基准面旋回技术识别出短期基准面旋回(SSC)、中期基准面旋回(MSc)和长期基准面旋回(LSC);馆陶组划分为2个长期基准面旋回,4个中期基准面旋回MSC1～MSC4,建立了渤海中部馆陶组及东上段高分辨...     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。