EUR-18地中海和中东地区古地理及古构造演化与早Aptian古大洋缺氧事件（OAE1a）有关的碳酸盐岩台地环境变化的沉积、成岩和化学地层证据

西班牙北部发育的La Florida碳酸盐岩台地受与早Aptian古大洋缺氧事件（OAE 1a）有关的全球环境变化影响非常显著。这一事件（OAE 1a）以强烈的温室条件为特征，导致大洋和大气圈温度增加、富有机质堆积、C（碳）循环紊乱和大陆风化、侵蚀作用加强。     

P/E界线全球事件在西藏定日地区的响应

生物群、沉积物和有机地球化学变化显示，古新统－始新统（P／E）界线全球事件在西藏南部定日（东特提期残留海低纬度浅水）地区存在明显响应：古新统宗浦组顶部有孔虫动物群的属、种绝灭率分别为87％和94％，始新统遮普惹组底部有孔虫属、种新生率分别达80％和69％；岩层以（生物滩相）薄－中层向厚层－块状生物灰岩转化，泥质含量增加；典型生物标志经合物参数变化明显，Pr／17比值平均从0．365增加到0．86，Ph／18由0．56变为0．92，β／17由12．843剧增到123．17，γ／17由2．46突变为29．5。结合西藏及邻区岩相分布、接触关系后认为，这种全球地质事件的响应在研究区可能是一种古海洋事件，可能由大洋环流（古水团）变化引起。     

增强的温盐成层现象为白垩纪大洋缺氧事件的可能成因

大洋缺氧事件为高碳埋藏期 ,可导致大气层二氧化碳减少、底层水氧浓度降低以及生物灭绝。多数大洋缺氧事件被认为是由碳的高生产力和从表层水中输出引起的 ,然后保存在富有机质沉积物（黑色页岩）中 ,但还不清楚引发这些事件的因素。这里我们提供了发生于１１２Ｍａ之前的白垩纪中期大洋缺氧事件的稳定同位素数据 ,表明增强的温盐成层现象为该事件的可能成因。大洋缺氧事件ｌｂ与表层水温上升和导致西特提斯洋和北大西洋的隔离盆地中的底层水减少以及碳埋藏量提高的径流量有关。这个事件在很大程度上类似于上新世 -更新世地中海腐泥形成的事…     

北黄海夏季溶解氧与表观耗氧量年际变化时空模态

根据北黄海夏季断面1976~2015年历年8月监测资料,采用时空分析等方法,研究了北黄海夏季断面溶解氧含量和表观耗氧量年际变化时空模态.溶解氧含量与表观耗氧量年际变化分别有3种主要时空模态,第一、二模态是近底层水体低氧、贫氧年际变化的主要影响分量,第三模态是混合层水体高氧、富氧年际变化主要影响分量.生物活性组分(BAC)耗-生氧与海洋环流输送增减氧过程是夏季溶解氧含量与表观耗氧量年际变化主要影响因素,温跃层强度年际变化不是主要影响因素.2001年后,表层月海气氧通量年际变化由氧汇分布为主转变为氧源分布,表层溶解氧含量增大以及生物活性组分生氧作用增强年际变化是这种转变的原因.北黄海夏季断面年平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量空间分布相似性较低,夏季断面年平均温度、盐度以及沉积物需氧、风生环流是年平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量分布的主要影响因素.生物活性组分耗-生氧过程是断面各层月平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量年际变化主要影响因素,温度变化是次要因素.由于断面水体低氧幅度与贫氧面积显著线性增大,与30多年前比较,黄海溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量场季节变化空间分布与时间形态已经发生改变.     

新近纪深海大洋红层的分布分类及成因

新近纪大洋红层是一种在氧化条件下形成的红色-粉色-棕色海洋沉积物。白垩纪大洋红层研究成果众多,然而新近纪大洋红层研究缺乏系统的分析和总结。本文以新近纪大洋红层为研究对象,通过对全球大洋钻探井位资料的分析,发现39个钻井含有新近纪大洋红层。通过对不同大洋区域、不同钻井内93个红层离散样品的主量元素CaO,Al2O3和SiO2含量进行三元图投点分析,将新近纪大洋红层分为铝质和钙质大洋红层,其中绝大多数为铝质大洋红层。进一步分析了部分钻井中离散样品的磁化率变化、反射光谱一阶导数曲线、热退磁曲线和交变磁场退磁曲线变化,结果表明新近纪大洋红层的致色矿物以赤铁矿为主。12个钻井中新近纪大洋红层离散样品的低总有机碳含量和低CaCO3含量指示较低的生物生产力,此外19个钻井中红层的沉积速率平均为4 mm/ka,而非红层的沉积速率平均为85.3 mm/ka,指示红层的沉积速率相对较低。总结和分析新近纪大洋红层的以上特征,本文认为较低的有机质堆积速率为铁氧化物(赤铁矿)的形成提供了有利的氧化条件,使得沉积物中的铁氧化物在成岩阶段得以保存,最终形成全球分布的新近纪大洋红层。     

海洋沉积物中磷浓度和聚集的控制因素

海洋沉积物中磷浓度和聚集的控制因素了解磷在海洋中的沉积作用对限制海洋磷循环的输出和确定磷成因（碳酸盐氟磷灰石自生建造）、磷灰岩沉积（大陆边缘富磷沉积物的高度聚集）都是很重要的。对大陆边缘、磷成因大陆边缘和开放大洋环境下的沉积磷的浓度和聚集速率的研究表...     

南黄海夏季低氧、贫氧长期时空演变与机制

根据1977—2016年历年8月南黄海断面标准层调查资料,采用时空分析等方法,研究了南黄海断面8月份低氧、贫氧长期时空演变与机制。溶解氧(DO)含量与表观耗氧量(AOU)年际变化分别有4种主要时空模态,溶解氧含量第一模态与表观耗氧量第一、二模态是断面海域显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势的主要影响分量,溶解氧第二~四模态与表观耗氧量第三、四模态为准平衡态长期变化。南黄海夏季低氧、贫氧变化的主要机制是生物活性组分(BAC)耗氧过程增多和增强,低氧和贫氧准平衡态长期变化的主要机制是生物活性组分、饱和溶解氧与海流输送的增减氧效应处于准平衡态状态。黄海冷水团中平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量存在显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势。南黄海夏季表层海气氧通量强度显著线性减弱,并且呈现“氧源”、“氧汇”相间变化。黄海夏季风生环流、海气氧通量强度逐渐减弱为黄海夏季低氧、贫氧发展提供了物理条件。目前黄海溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量场季节循环时空分布已经发生显著改变。     

渤海夏季溶解氧与表观耗氧量年际变化时空模态

根据渤海断面1978~2014年历年8月温度、盐度和溶解氧观测资料,采用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)、最大熵谱和延迟相关等方法,研究了渤海夏季断面溶解氧含量和表观耗氧量年际变化时空模态.溶解氧含量主要存在4种时空模态:第一模态空间分量主权重在10 m以深水体;时间分量均为显著线性低氧趋势周期年际变化和10a尺度跃变.第二、四模态空间分量主权重在5 m以浅水体及断面南端底层;时间分量均为显著线性高氧趋势周期年际变化和10a尺度跃变.第三模态空间分量主权重在10 m附近;时间分量为准平衡态周期变化和10a尺度跃变.表观耗氧量主要有4种时空模态:第一、二模态空间分量主权重在中层及底层;时间分量均为显著线性贫氧趋势周期变化和10a尺度跃变.第三、四模态空间分量主权重在5 m以浅水体及断面南端底层;时间分量均为显著线性富氧趋势周期变化和10a尺度跃变.生物活性组分耗氧与海流输送减氧过程是夏季溶解氧、表观耗氧量模态显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势年际变化主要影响因素,饱和溶解氧强增氧、生物活性组分光合作用生氧和海流输送增氧过程是夏季溶解氧、表观耗氧量模态显著线性高氧、富氧趋势年际变化主要影响因素.渤海夏季深层水体中生物耗氧作用大于浅层水体中生物生氧作用,20 m以深水体中显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势快于20 m以浅水体的显著高氧、富氧趋势.生物活性组分氧化与光合作用是渤海夏季年际平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量分布以及溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量年际时空变化的主要影响因素,温度、盐度不是主要影响因素.     

K—T界限大洋质量灭绝与陨石撞击同步性

研究人员在北大西洋布莱克诺斯大洋钻探计划１０４９钻位（北纬３０°０８′,西经７６°０６′）白垩纪与早第三纪之间的生物地层剖面发现一１０ｃｍ厚的绿色球粒层。此球粒层富含岩屑（白垩、灰岩、白云岩、燧石、云母片和片岩）,含有撞击石英、大量白垩纪浮游有孔虫,...     

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义Ｖ．Ｐ．Ｎｅｃｈａｅｖ等北太平洋，特别是它的西北部地区，是根据第四纪沉积研究气候和大洋环流全球变化的最好的地区之一。在某种程度上是因为：（１）沉积物常含有大量的适合古生物研究和进行氧、碳同位素分析的微体...     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.