Engineering geological evaluation of geological barrier rocks at landfills and repositories

 A site specific evaluation of geological barriers is required for landfills and waste repositories. The waste-repository-rock system has to be taken into consideration for this. Since the geotechnical barrier in conjunction with geological barriers contributes considerably to long-term isolation of the harmful substances from the biosphere, it is absolutely necessary to use engineering geology and hydrogeological methods for a quantitative assessment of the barrier effect of the host rock and the geological environment. For a waste disposal mine, the load-bearing capacity of the rock, the protective properties of the surrounding rock formations and the geological stability of the area are important factors in a safety analysis, of which the geotechnical stability analysis is an important part. Such an analysis comprises an engineering geological study of the site, laboratory and in situ experiments and model calculations, long-term monitoring, and special geological and geochemical investigations. Existing geomechanical modelling techniques provide a useful tool to perform barrier integrity calculations and to design an underground disposal mine. As an example, the barrier performance of the rock salt of the Gorleben salt dome is demonstrated using various safety indicators. Received: 3 January 1997 · Accepted: 29 January 1997     

南京地铁三号线地质环境特征与地质灾害防治

南京地铁三号线隧道工程穿越长江、古城区的秦淮河古河道及岗地、岗间坳地区,工程地质、水文地质条件复杂。工程建设将引发和遭受滑坡、膨胀土、岩溶地面塌陷,砂土涌水涌砂,软土变形、不均匀沉降地质灾害。阐述了线路工程所处的地质环境条件及引发、遭受地质灾害的类型,分析了其危害程度,提出了地质灾害预防措施。     

Interpreting geology at Portreath, Cornwall: a resource for geological education

The geology of Portreath preserved both in the natural outcrop and as building stones is assessed as a potential resource for visiting educational groups. Portreath is a former mining port, its expansion and historical development being closely associated with local and regional geology. A fieldwork programme and complementary literature search revealed that this location contains a wide range of accessible rock types suitable for student analysis.     

生态-地质作用模式: 诠释表生地质过程与生态特征的耦合

生态-地质作用关系模式诠释的重要内容之一是将基岩风化成土过程及对生态特征的影响进行形象化表达,包括基岩类型、风化过程中成土元素特征和迁移规律、土壤结构,以及与之相对应的生态特征等,重点突出基岩风化成土过程等表生地质过程对生态特征的影响作用。选择内蒙古阴山北麓、张北坝上、西南典型岩溶区等地区,分别研究、分析了不同表生地质条件下土壤垂向结构特征与物质组成、成壤过程中元素迁移特征、生态支撑层的元素富集与亏损等基岩风化成土过程与特征及其对生态分布特征的影响作用,建立了植被分布与风蚀作用基岩风化成土模式、凹陷盆地人工林退化与风化冲洪积土壤栗钙化模式、成土母岩对石漠化发育程度的影响模式等3种生态-地质作用模式,揭示了成土过程对植被分布特征与不同类型生态问题的影响,以期为国土空间生态保护修复提供科学依据。     

基于平面地质图的地质体三维建模

文章针对大尺度研究区域勘探范围有限、不能直接基于勘探数据构建区域地质体三维结构模型的问题,提出了一种以平面地质图为研究对象的地质体三维建模方法。此方法以平面地质图为基础,利用Section软件在DEM模型(数字高程模型)约束下半自动绘制一系列图切剖面图,将二维剖面映射到三维空间,利用三维剖面上轮廓线的对应性和连续性构建地质体三维模型。通过广西东平地区地质体三维模型构建实例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

CO2 geological storage: The environmental mineralogy perspective

Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the options envisaged for mitigating the environmental consequences of anthropogenic CO₂ increases in the atmosphere. The general principle is to capture carbon dioxide at the exhaust of power plants and then to inject the compressed fluid into deep geological formations. Before implementation over large scales, it is necessary to assess the efficiency of the process and its environmental consequences. The goal of this paper is to discuss some environmental mineralogy research perspectives raised by CO₂ geological storage.     

The Magic Flute cast: geological correlations with Mozart

The year 1991 marks the 200th anniversary of the death of Mozart. His last opera, The Magic Flute , was begun, completed and first performed in the year of his death, 1791. The creation of the opera was closely associated with prominent geologists of the time although the work itself is an alchemical drama, deriving more from Hermetic 'science' and magic than from the emerging 'legitimate' science of the day.     

地勘行业地质档案资料的管理与开发

地质档案资料是指地勘行业多年来的工作积累下来的大量的地质勘察和开发的档案资料.建国后,地勘单位在国家的大量投资下,在地质勘查和开发过程中积累了大量的、丰富的地质档案资料,这些资料有着丰富的信息和重要的潜在价值.如何充分的开发和利用地勘行业地质档案资料是发展地勘经济的重要组成部分.特别是属地化后,地勘行业地质档案资料的二次开发.一定会在为我局和地方经济服务上做出巨大贡献.     

The Virtual Worlds Project: geological mapping and field skills

The Virtual Worlds Project is a UK collaboration between the School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, and the Leeds College of Art, to build a virtual environment in which to learn and practice basic geological mapping skills. Using the Unity game engine, a virtual landscape populated by rock outcrops with associated notebook entries has been created. This approach is not a replacement for field map work. Rather, it represents an in‐class tool with the appearance of a computer game with which to enhance basic mapping skills taught in the field in a virtual environment.     

上海市地质遗迹特征和地学意义

上海是典型的大河口特大城市,具有全球独特的新构造沉降和河海相互作用及人地相互作用产生的河口海岸地貌遗迹和地面沉降灾害遗迹。基于文献资料、遥感影像和地面调查,笔者等筛选确立了上海市12处地质遗迹集中区,系统阐明了上海境内地质遗迹特征及地学意义。按照产生的时代顺序,上海市地质遗迹类型可划分为火山地貌、海岸地貌、水体地貌和地质灾害4种类型,分别命名为火山岩残丘遗迹、古海岸遗迹、河口三角洲遗迹和地面沉降遗迹。在补充AMS¹⁴C测年的基础上,进一步厘清古岸线遗迹的年代,并根据松散沉积物地质构造剖面,揭示了具有明显年代跨度的3种类型地貌遗迹的演化关系。上海市地质遗迹整体表达了长江河口区0.12 Ga来地貌格局演化,6 ka以来海陆变迁与文明演替,1.5 ka以来长江河口演化以及0.1 ka以来地面沉降灾害的产生与防治。总体而言,上海市地质遗迹蕴含着中国乃至世界大河口区独特的地质演化史和人地关系史。本次研究提出的上海市地质遗迹点多分布在典型、稀有的生态景观区与人文景观区。这样,各类地质遗迹景观及相应的科学解说对于提升区域生态和文化景观价值及地学旅游路线开发具有重要意义。     

鹰厦铁路K339滑坡区工程地质特征及治理

文章在对鹰厦铁路K339滑坡区进行工程地质勘察基础上,详细描述了滑坡形态、地形地貌、岩土类型与地层岩性、岩土力学性质、水文地质等工程地质特征,并对滑坡形成条件与成因进行探讨。选择了5个剖面,采用传递系数法计算了正常工况和暴雨条件下的滑坡推力,其值均大于零,滑坡处于不稳定状态;针对滑坡体的特征,提出了滑坡防治的工程措施和施工注意事项。     

The Fennoscandian uplift and late cenozoic geodynamics: geological evidence

The history of the recording and interpretation of the Fennoscandian uplift illustrates the main history of Earth sciences because the results obtained had (and still have) immediate impact of the interpretation of a large number of fundamental problems in Earth sciences. Thanks to a paper of De Geer in 1888, the glacial isostatic origin was established. Fennoscandia became the classic area of glacial isostasy, and its sea level records were used for geophysical calculations of the properties and dynamics of the mantle and crust. The varve dated sea level curve of Lidén (1938) from the center of uplift provided an exceptionally well dated record. With the radiocarbon method, the records of shorelines and shorelevel displacement curves were drastically improved providing a totally new basis for the understanding of the geodynamics of the Fennoscandian uplift and for the geophysical interpretation of the data obtained. This is especially true in combination with the repeated levelling data obtained during the last decades for Finland and Sweden.The Late Cenozoic long term movements of the Fennoscandian Shield are characterized by a considerable subsidence. The postglacial uplift of Fennoscandia is complex (an exponential and a linear factor) and caused by two different mechanisms. The total absolute movement in relation to the last glaciation is an elliptic uplift cone of 830 m height surrounded by a subsidence through of 170 m height. The mass in the uplift cone and in the subsidence through is as 1:1 with a volume 0.7 × 10⁶km³. The disappearence/appearance of mass give evidence of a mass transfer in a low viscosity asthenosphere. The properties and conditions of the asthenosphere are found to be: 1–10 × 10²⁰ Poises in viscosity, 3 × 10^–14 – 3 × 10^–16 sec^–1 in strain rates, 0.7% of the melting temperature, 3 mm in grain size, and 5–0.4 bar in stress. The main isostatic uplift (the exponential factor) originates from an asthenospheric dislocation glide process which in early-mid Holocene time changed over into a diffusion creep process. The present linear uplift factor (identified through the last 8000 yrs) seems to originate from mesospheric motions under the following approximate conditions: 0.6% of the melting temperature, 2 × 10²² Poises in viscosity, 3 × 10^–16 sec^–1 in strain rates and 8 bars in stress. Uplift irregularities and neotectonism are frequently established and often reveal an old geodynamic inheritance (e.g. the Pre-Baikalian/Gothian bedrock seam of high geodynamic activity). The peak rates of glacial isostasy are associated with intensive fracturing, faulting and seismic activity.