热带西太平洋雨水的氢、氧同位素组成

测定了西太平洋(7.5°～31°N,123°～132°E)1989年9～10月间雨水的δD和δ18O值,结果表明该区雨水的氢、氧同位素组成呈观与中、高纬度地区明显不同的分布特征.雨水的δ值与降水点的纬度没有直接的因果关系,而与季风流场明显相关.沿季风流动方向雨水的δ值逐渐减低,这可用降水云团的瑞利分馏过程解释.雨水δD和δ18O的分布大致反映了研究区季风流场的特征.     

中太平洋结壳区海山燧石岩成因研究

燧石岩成因较为复杂,一般认为它主要是在深水环境中形成的.通过对燧石的宏观和微观特征、矿物和化学成分以及硅氧同位素组成特点,并结合区内地质构造背景等方面研究,认为中太平洋海山燧石岩是SiO₂交代有孔虫灰岩之产物.其主要特征和分析结果是:燧石中具有已硅化了的白色斑块,在显微镜下可见其岩石薄片上的有孔虫化石.有些燧石标本的局部处仍残留着有孔虫灰岩小块体(经鉴定有孔虫属正常海相).燧石岩的矿物成分为较纯的低温石英,SiO₂含量高达96%以上.具较高的δ18O值(0.032)和较低的δ30Si值(0.0004).区内断裂构造发育,出现多期火山喷发.海山形成地质时代大致在白垩纪—早第三纪,并经历了沉降过程.燧石形成于半深海环境,火山热液作用是SiO₂来源的主要渠道.     

Nitrate isotope dynamics in the lower euphotic-upper mesopelagic zones of the western South China Sea

The dual isotopes(N and O) of nitrate were measured using a denitrifier bacterial method in the western South China Sea(WSCS) during September 2015 to elucidate key information during N transformation in the lower euphotic zone(LEZ)-upper mesopelagic zone(UMZ,down to 500 m in this study) continuum,which is a vital sub-environment for marine N cycle and sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ as well.The N isotopic composition(δ¹⁵N) of nitrate generally decreased from 500 m toward ...     

Influence of food supply on the δ13C signature of mollusc shells: implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstitutions

Compared to oxygen isotopes, the carbon isotope composition of biogenic carbonates is less commonly used as proxy for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions because shell δ¹³C is derived from both dissolved inorganic (seawater) and organic carbon sources (food), and interactions between these two pools make it difficult to unambiguously identify any independent effect of either. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate any direct impact of variable food supply on bivalve shell δ¹³C signatures, using low/high rations of a ¹³C-light mixed algal diet fed to 14-month-old (adult) cultured Japanese Crassostrea gigas under otherwise essentially identical in vitro conditions during 3 summer months (May, June and July 2003, seawater temperature means at 16, 18 and 20 °C respectively) in experimental tanks at the Argenton laboratory along the Brittany Atlantic coast of France. At a daily ration of 12% (versus 4%) oyster dry weight, the newly grown part of the shells (hinge region) showed significantly lower δ¹³C values, by 3.5‰ (high ration: mean of −5.8  ± 1.1‰, n = 10; low ration: mean of −2.3  ± 0.7‰, n = 6; ANOVA Scheffe’s test, p < 0.0001). This can be explained by an enhanced metabolic activity at higher food supply, raising ¹³C-depleted respiratory CO₂ in the extrapallial cavity. Based on these δ¹³C values and data extracted from the literature, and assuming no carbon isotope fractionation between food and shell, the proportion of shell metabolic carbon would be 26  ± 7 and 5  ± 5% for the high- and low-ration C. gigas shells respectively; with carbon isotope fractionation (arguably more realistic), the corresponding values would be 69  ± 14 and 24  ± 9%. Both groups of cultured shells exhibited lower δ¹³C values than did wild oysters from Marennes-Ol éron Bay in the study region, which is not inconsistent with an independent influence of diet type. Although there was no significant difference between the two food regimes in terms of δ¹⁸O shell values (means of 0.1  ± 0.3 and 0.4  ± 0.2‰ at high and low rations respectively, non-significant Scheffe’s test), a positive δ¹³C vs. δ¹⁸O relationship recorded at high rations supports the interpretation of a progressive temperature-mediated rise in metabolic activity fuelled by higher food supply (in this case reflecting increased energy investment in reproduction), in terms not only of δ¹³C (metabolic signal) but also of δ¹⁸O (seawater temperature signal). Overall, whole-shell δ¹⁸O trends faithfully recorded summer/winter variations in seawater temperature experienced by the 17-month-old cultured oysters.     

苏北浅滩钙结核的特征及其环境指示意义

对采自苏北浅滩的钙结核样品进行了岩石学、矿物学和碳氧同位素的分析。样品富含石英和长石砂屑,碳酸钙胶结,其碳和氧同位素组成分别为-8.38‰~-8.19‰V-PDB及-5.23‰~-5.03‰V-PDB。根据样品的氧同位素组成,利用碳酸盐-水体系氧同位素方程,结合现今底层水温度,并考虑可能存在的温度变化,计算得到古沉淀流体的δ18 O水范围为-4.72‰~-4.52‰VSMOW,较正常海水偏负,认为钙结核的形成可能受到了淡水影响。根据结核中碎屑矿物的成分及其成熟度,判断其包含的碎屑矿物源自古黄河,认为这些结核样品可能形成于海陆交互环境,形成时间约为7~6.5ka BP左右,当时古海平面高度比现今低10m左右,古黄河河道可能位于苏北浅滩附近。     

Characteristic analysis on oxygen isotopic tracer in the East China Sea and waters to east of the Ryūkyū-guntō

Samples of O isotopic tracer were mlleMed at Sections P₃,P₂₅,P_cM-t/2-E and P_CM-1/2.w in both the Fast China Sea and the area to the east of the Ryūkyū-gunto during October-November,1991.Analytical results of the δ¹⁸O are as follows: (1) In the Kuroshio area,the δ¹⁸O isolines are almost parallel to the 200 m isobath.The value of δ¹⁸O is negative and reaches minimum mt the main axis of the Kuroshio,and increases on both sides.(2) In the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) area there is a high δ¹⁸O tongue extending to the northeast.(3) In the area near the coast,the distribution of δ¹⁸O isoline shows that the Changjiang River runoff diffuses seaward and the land-ocean isotopic effect from the nearshore to the offshore.(4) The values of δ¹⁸O are from -1.0×10^-3 to -0.5×10^-3 in the shelf.(5) There is a low mre of δ¹⁸O value(<-1.6×10^-3) at the 600 m layer in the Kuroshio area,which is quite in accord with the existence of a low salinity mre (S G 34.30) between the 600 and 800 m layers in the same area.Finally,the mrrelations of the δ¹⁸O with the salinity and temperature,the upwelling and so on are discussed.     

Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

Helium and Oxygen isotopic evidence on exchange of waters between the western Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea

The composition and distribution of helium and oxygen isotopes in samples of seawater obtained at depths from surface to 300 m in the western Pacific(7°-26°N,122°-130°E) were discussed in detail.The results show that both δ¹⁸O and δ³He isoline extend eastward in the Pacific side of the Bashi Channel, which may suggest that the South China Sea water intrudes into the western Pacific by the Bashi Channel.     

南海与西太平洋海水的交换:氧、氦同位素证据

研究了西太平洋海域(7°～26°N,122°～130°E)不同深度海水的氧、氦同位素组成和分布特征.结果表明,巴士海峡附近海域几个深度上δ18O等值线均向东弯曲,δ3He等值线也出现了类似的分布特征,可能反映了南海海水与黑潮水的混合作用.氧、氦同位素的研究结果为南海海水通过巴士海峡侵入了西太平洋提供了地球化学证据.     

Characteristics and origin of carbon isotopes of n-alkanes in crude oils from the western Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China sea

The quantitative characterization of carbon isotopes of n-alkanes is commonly carried out in organic geochemical studies. Possible controls on carbon isotopes include source organic matter, maturity, fractionation during oil expulsion and migration, and the mixing of different oils. In this study of the origin of crude oils in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin, the influences of all of these factors have been considered in reaching a conclusion. Carbon isotopes of n-alkanes in the crude oils, and the extracts of the two effective source rocks (the Wenchang and Enping formations) in the basin, exhibit clear differences. The Wenchang source rocks have heavy δ¹³C values that remain almost constant or become slightly heavier with increasing carbon number. The Enping source rocks have light δ¹³C values that become lighter with increasing carbon number. Two groups of oils in this area were identified based on the carbon isotopes of the n-alkanes; groupIoils are similar to extracts of the Wenchang source rocks. However, the groupIIoils are different from both the Wenchang and Enping source rocks and the carbon isotopic profiles of their n-alkanes exhibit a “V” feature with increasing carbon number. The results of artificial thermal maturation experiments indicate that, from the early stage to the peak stage of oil generation (with EasyRo between 0.64% and 1.02%), the δ¹³C values of n-alkanes in the pyrolysis oils become heavier by about 3‰ with increasing thermal maturity, but the shape of the carbon isotopic profiles are not significantly changed. Calculated δ¹³C values of n-alkanes in “mixed” artificial pyrolysis oils indicate that the mixture of oils generated from the same source rocks with different maturities could not change the carbon isotopic profile of the n-alkanes, however, a mixing of the Wenchang and Enping oils could give the “V” feature in the profiles, similar to the groupIIoils in this area. The groupIIoils appear to be mixed Wenchang and Enping oils, the latter being the dominant component in the mixture. We conclude that the source organic matter and the degree of mixing are the main factors controlling the carbon isotopic characteristics of n-alkanes in crude oils in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin.     

南海北部表层沉积物碳酸盐含量和δ18O及δ13C的空间与粒径分布特征及其控制因素

为深入研究南海北部表层沉积物中碳酸盐的来源及其控制因素,采用湿筛法,对南海北部珠江口、陆架、陆坡及海盆表层沉积物中碳酸盐的含量、δ18O和δ13C及其粒度分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,南海北部表层沉积物中的碳酸盐可能主要以海洋自生碳酸盐为主,其含量在空间上以陆坡显著高于海盆、陆架及珠江口为特征。粒度上,陆架(水深80 m)和浅陆坡(水深550 m)处碳酸盐的粒度分布相对平均,但在珠江口及730 m以深,76.9%~84.5%的碳酸盐分布于小于32 μm的粒级中。另外,珠江口和陆架与陆坡和海盆碳酸盐δ18O和δ13C的空间及粒度分布特征显著不同。珠江口陆架区,在空间上从珠江口向陆架,全样碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C由轻变重。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C随着粒径的增大而变重,并且δ18O和δ13C之间正相关,主要受珠江淡水的δ18O及其δ13C_DIC控制。陆坡海盆区,空间上,从陆坡向海盆,δ18O略有变轻,δ13C基本不变。粒度上,碳酸盐的δ18O和δ13C随着粒度的增大没有明显的变化趋势,并且δ18O与δ13C之间不相关或负相关。其δ18O可能主要受表层海水的温度控制,其δ13C可能主要受海水δ13C_DIC控制。     

Fluid sources and stable isotope signatures in authigenic carbonates from the Northern Apennines,Italy

Authigenic carbonates are frequently associated with methane cold-seep systems, which extensively occur in various geologic settings worldwide. Of interest is the relation between the fluids involved in their formation and the isotopic signals recorded in the carbonate cements. Along the Northern Apennines foothills (Italy), hydrocarbons and connate waters still seeping nowadays are believed to be the primary sources for the formation of fossil authigenic carbonate found in Plio-Pleistocene marine sediments. Four selected outcrops of dolomitic authigenic carbonates were analysed to compare signature of seeping fluids with fractionation of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes recorded in the carbonate.Along the foothills, deep methane-rich fluids spontaneously rise to the surface through mud volcanoes or are exploited in wells drilled nearby to the fossil Plio-Pleistocene authigenic carbonates. The plumbing system providing fluids to present-day cold seeps was structurally achieved in Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene. δ¹³C values of methane, which vary from −51.9 to −43.0‰ VPDB, indicate that gas composition from the deep hydrocarbon reservoirs is relatively uniform along the foothills. On the contrary, δ¹³C in fossil authigenic carbonates strongly varies among different areas and also within the same outcrop.The different carbon sources that fed the investigated carbonates were identified and include: thermogenic methane from the deep Miocene reservoirs, ¹³C-enriched CO₂ derived from secondary methanogenesis and microbial methane from Pliocene successions buried in the Po Plain. The δ¹³C variability documented among samples from a single outcrop testifies that the authigenic carbonates might represent a record of varying biogeochemical processes in the hydrocarbon reservoirs. The sources of stable oxygen isotopes in authigenic carbonates are often ascribed to marine water. Oxygen isotopic fractionation in the dolomite cements indicates that marine pore water couldn't be the sole source of oxygen. δ¹⁸O values provide a preliminary evidence that connate waters had a role in the carbonates precipitation. The concomitant occurrence of active cold seepages and fossil record of former plumbing systems suggests that generation and migration of hydrocarbons are long-lasting and very effective processes along the Northern Apennines foothills.     

夏季楚科奇海河水与海冰融化水组分的空间变化特征

通过对2008年夏季楚科奇海水氧同位素组成的分析,运用S、δ18 O的质量平衡关系计算出河水组分和海冰融化水组分的份额,揭示出楚科奇海河水和海冰融化水组分的空间变化规律,并探讨其影响因素。楚科奇海河水组分的份额介于1.9%~18.4%之间,呈现随深度增加而降低的趋势;河水组分积分高度的变化范围为1.3~16.6m,平均为(4.8±4.0)m。河水组分份额与积分高度均呈现东高西低、北强南弱的特征,与太平洋入流东侧为富含河水组分的阿拉斯加沿岸流、西侧为低河水组分的白令海陆架水,以及北部海域受波弗特流涡埃克曼辐聚作用的影响有关。海冰融化水份额呈现随深度增加而降低的趋势,20~30m以深受到冬季海冰形成时所释放盐卤水的明显影响。海冰融化水积分高度的变化范围为-3.2~1.7m,平均值为(-0.3±1.2)m,其空间分布呈现东低西高、南强北弱的特征,与太平洋入流输入通量的时间变化以及输入路径的西偏有关。     

大洋岛屿玄武岩低温蚀变作用及其对大洋过渡金属循环的贡献

用化学方法和ICP-MS方法分别对中、西太平洋海山富钴铁锰结壳产出区玄武岩的主元素、微量元素和稀土元素(REE)含量进行了测定,结果表明,研究区玄武岩经受了强烈的洋底低温蚀变作用,主元素成分发生了明显的变化,失去了原岩的特征.样品与新鲜大洋岛屿玄武岩(OIB)极为相似的稀土元素配分模式和微量元素含量特征表明,所研究的岩石属典型的大洋板内玄武岩.受洋底低温蚀变作用的影响,样品的Al₂O₃,Fe₂O₃,MnO、K₂O,P₂O₅含量增加,MgO,FeO的含量降低.蚀变作用使大洋岛屿玄武岩中的镁、铁等活动组分大量流失,从而表现出相对富SiO₂的特征(标准矿物计算结果中出现石英).由于蚀变作用,活动组分的流失使样品的REE相对富集,而富REE铁锰氧化物在玄武岩气孔和裂隙中的沉淀不仅使样品的REE含量增大,而且引起轻稀土元素(LREE)与重稀土元素(HREE)分馏,表现为∑c(Ce)/∑c(Yb)值增大.以REE富集机制为基础,对样品中铁锰氧化物的沉淀量和单位质量新鲜玄武岩中活动组分的流失量进行了理论计算,结果表明,因低温蚀变作用所引起的新鲜玄武岩的单位质量亏损为0.150~0.657,而单位质量新鲜玄武岩中铁锰氧化物的沉淀量为0.006~0.042.主元素中以铁、镁的流失亏损最为明显,新鲜玄武岩中铁、镁的流失比例分别为18.28%~70.95%和44.50%~93.94%,超过了岩石总量的流失亏损比例(15.0%~65.7%),因而样品相对贫铁、镁.其他元素的流失量和流失比例都很好地印证了地球化学研究的结果.样品中铝、钾、磷负的流失量是由于沸石在岩石气孔中的充填和岩石的磷酸盐化.理论计算结果和地球化学研究都表明,大洋岛屿玄武岩的低温蚀变向海水提供了大量金属,这是大洋海水中金属循环的重要环节.     

Shell growth and oxygen isotopes in the topshell Osilinus turbinatus: resolving past inshore sea surface temperatures

Shells of the rocky shore intertidal gastropod Osilinus turbinatus (von Born), often abundant in archaeological deposits in the Mediterranean region, are a potential source of data on palaeotemperature, palaeoseasonality and archaeological seasonality. To evaluate this species as a climate archive, investigations of annual patterns of shell growth and of monthly variations in oxygen isotopes in shell carbonates were made on different populations in NW Sicily. Mark-recapture experiments at San Vito lo Capo and Mazzaforno show that O. turbinatus grows almost continuously throughout the year but at different rates in different seasons. Around 75% of the yearly shell growth occurs in the autumn and winter. On average, larger/older shells produce narrower annual growth increments than smaller/younger ones. Conspicuous growth lines in larger/older shells show that growth stops during the hottest part of the summer. Oxygen isotope analyses on monthly collected shells of O. turbinatus from three shores (Cala Grande, Monte Cofano and Mazzaforno) show that the isotope values record temperature variations through the year. In all the datasets, surface seawater temperatures (SSTs) calculated from δ¹⁸O_SHELL mostly underestimate measured SSTs, offsets being generally greater in summer. Minimum annual offsets range from 0.0°C to 0.7°C and maximum annual offsets from 3.1°C to 8.7°C. δ¹⁸O_SHELL values fail to record temperatures higher than 25°C. Careful selection of shells to be analysed can reduce offsets between δ¹⁸O_SHELL temperature estimates and measured SSTs for many parts of the year, except the hottest. Allowing for this, shells of O. turbinatus offer good potential as climate archives and for archaeological studies of seasonal patterns of human foraging for shellfish.     

The dual isotopes of deep nitrate as a constraint on the cycle and budget of oceanic fixed nitrogen

We compare the output of an 18-box geochemical model of the ocean with measurements to investigate the controls on both the mean values and variation of nitrate δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O in the ocean interior. The δ¹⁸O of nitrate is our focus because it has been explored less in previous work. Denitrification raises the δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O of mean ocean nitrate by equal amounts above their input values for N₂ fixation (for δ¹⁵N) and nitrification (for δ¹⁸O), generating parallel gradients in the δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O of deep ocean nitrate. Partial nitrate assimilation in the photic zone also causes equivalent increases in the δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O of the residual nitrate that can be transported into the interior. However, the regeneration and nitrification of sinking N can be said to decouple the N and O isotopes of deep ocean nitrate, especially when the sinking N is produced in a low latitude region, where nitrate consumption is effectively complete. The δ¹⁵N of the regenerated nitrate is equivalent to that originally consumed, whereas the regeneration replaces nitrate previously elevated in δ¹⁸O due to denitrification or nitrate assimilation with nitrate having the δ¹⁸O of nitrification. This lowers the δ¹⁸O of mean ocean nitrate and weakens nitrate δ¹⁸O gradients in the interior relative to those in δ¹⁵N. This decoupling is characterized and quantified in the box model, and agreement with data shows its clear importance in the real ocean. At the same time, the model appears to generate overly strong gradients in both δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁵N within the ocean interior and a mean ocean nitrate δ¹⁸O that is higher than measured. This may be due to, in the model, too strong an impact of partial nitrate assimilation in the Southern Ocean on the δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O of preformed nitrate and/or too little cycling of intermediate-depth nitrate through the low latitude photic zone.     

海洋沉积物32 Si测年方法研究

天然32Si是宇宙射线成因的，随着降水进入湖泊或海洋，被硅质生物摄取后最终存在于生物硅中。32Si来源单一，生产速率相对恒定，半衰期为150 a，可测年的时间尺度为100~1 000 a，是该时间尺度最合适的测年核素，填补了百年到千年时间尺度测年方法的空白。本文建立了海洋沉积物32Si的测量方法，主要步骤为:（1）样品前处理；（2）生物硅的分离与纯化；（3）生物硅样品中磷的分离与纯化；（4）32P的制样与β计数测量。全程通过硅钼蓝和磷钼蓝分光光度法监测实验过程硅和磷的损失情况，对南沙海域采集的沉积物岩心进行研究，得到南沙海域沉积物岩心32Si的平均活度为16.60 mBq/kg，范围值为8.39~33.34 mBq/kg；32Si在SiO₂中的平均比活度为0.356 Bq/kg，32Si的核素丰度平均值为1.29×10-16（32Si/SiO₂）；根据岩心32Si活度估算得深水区（水深1 335~1 537 m）和浅水区（121~141 m）岩心的沉积速率分别为0.106 cm/a、0.191 cm/a；根据32Si活度计算32Si的平均沉降通量为2.14×10-6 Bq/（cm2·a），与参考文献的结果较为吻合。     

晚中新世南海珍贝-黄岩海山岩浆活动及其演化:岩石地球化学和年代学证据

南海海盆15°N附近呈东西向展布的珍贝-黄岩海山被认为是32~17Ma前南海海盆的残留扩张中心.对采自黄岩海山的两个火山岩样品(9DG,9DG-2)进行了岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究.两个样品的SiO₂含量分别为60.3%和63.6%,Al₂O₃含量分别为17.56%和17.55%,TiO₂含量分别为0.48%和0.31%,碱度率分别为3.88和3.62.根据岩石学和岩石化学分类,样品属碱性系列的粗面岩.对稀土元素和微量元素分析表明岩石具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)型配分型式,轻重稀土总量比(∑c(LREE)/∑c(HREE))和球粒陨石标准化镧镱比((La/Yb)N)分别高达17.22和27.23,并具有铕负异常和锶、磷、钛亏损的特点.样品9DG的锶-钕-铅同位素分析结果为锶-87的含量与锶-86的含量之比值为0.704183,钕-143的含量与钕-144的含量之比值为0.512827,铅-206的含量与铅-207的含量之比值为18.68668,铅-207的含量与铅-204的含量之值为15.67962,铅-208的含量与铅-204的含量之比值为39.00261,表明初始岩浆来自软流圈地幔,具有与珍贝海山玄武岩相似的同位素组成.经钾-氩法测年,粗面岩的年龄为(7.77±0.49)Ma,略晚于珍贝海山玄武岩的年龄[(9.1±1.29)~10.0±1.80Ma],属于南海扩张期后晚中新世火山活动的产物.对比珍贝海山玄武岩的地球化学和同位素特征,认为两者有相同的岩浆源区,但是它们经历了不同程度的结晶分异过程,在晚中新世期间珍贝-黄岩海山可能有地幔柱活动.     

Magmatic Complexes of the Vetlovaya Marginal Sea Paleobasin (Kamchatka): Composition and Geodynamic Setting

This study presents new geochemical and isotope data on igneous rocks of the Vetlovaya marginal sea paleobasin (part of the Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic margin of the northwestern Pacific). The results show that the rock complexes of this marginal sea basin comprise igneous rocks with geochemical compositions similar to those of normal oceanic tholeiites, enriched transitional tholeiites, and ocean island and back-arc basin basalts. Island-arc tholeiitic basalts are present only rarely. The specific geochemical signatures of these rocks are interpreted as being related to mantle heterogeneity and the geodynamic conditions in the basin.     

Hydrothermal dolomite reservoir in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of central Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

The Precambrian Dengying Formation is maximum buried carbonate reservoir in the Sichuan Basin. Reservoir types are thought to be dominated by sedimentary facies or karst controlled. Precursory sedimentary fabrics have been intensively superimposed by medium-to coarse-grained dolomite in most areas. Dolomitized intervals contain planar and saddle dolomite, quartz, and few hydrothermal replacive minerals. Fluid inclusion analyses of dolomite suggests that rocks are formed at temperatures ranging from 132.6°C to 218.7°C in the presence of dense brines, while the dolomite phases are demonstrated by negative δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C VPDB values. Strontium isotopes enriched in ⁸⁷Sr, and the fluid source could support the conclusion. The dolomites of the Dengying Formation in central Sichuan Basin that formed around basement-rooted wrench faults, in turn mainly oriented towards the North-South and East-West strike-slip faults, are detectable. Lastly, the grabens take the form of negative flower structures-the result of an intra-cratonic rift that took place during the Sinian and early Cambrian period through tensional faulting.Our primary contention is that basement fault, which resulted in the magmatic or deep clastic fluids migration, was key for the formation of the obvious high-temperature coarse dolomite and saddle dolomite replacement. Subsequently, hot fluids that circulated within the matrix dolomite were aided by fractures or vugs and (1) leached into the dolomite, producing vugs and pores; (2) precipitated saddle dolomite, and (3) led to hydrofracturing, fractures enlargement, and further brecciation. The dolomite eventually formed porous hydrocarbon reservoirs through diagenesis. This model better illustrates how fluids that originated from deep basin migration along strike-slip transfer faults and fractures flowed out to structures in Precambrian basement-rooted faults, inheriting the rift in the Cambrian. The data involved offers a fresh perspective pertinent to deep hydrocarbon exploration of dolomite reservoirs in Southwestern China.