海监法治文化建设初探

海监法治文化建设是当下海监系统队伍建设的一项重要议题,文章着重从文化、法治文化的概念内涵等探寻海监法治文化的相关内容,其中包含要素、意义、作用及存在的问题和解决的途径等,为海监系统全面建设海监法治文化进行有益的尝试.     

关于海监工作效能建设的思考

<正>海监工作效能,是衡量海监工作水平和效果的重要标尺。注重和加强海监效能建设,对于深化海监作风建设,优化办事环境,提高工作效率,促使海监人员勤政为民、廉洁奉公,树立良好的海监队伍形象;对于依法加大海洋管理力度,确保海洋法律法规贯彻到位,维护正常的海洋开发秩序,保障海洋事业又好又快发展,具有重要的现实意义。     

海监信息:海洋执法监察的支持系统

现代化的海洋执法管理工作,必须要有先进的执法信息系统。现代化海监执法工作离不开海上信息收集、信息传递和信息处理技术支持系统,无论是常规监视还是应急监视都需要在执法信息系统的基础上进行。先进的执法信息系统已经在发达国家海洋执法机构发挥巨大作用,如监视海...     

海洋文化的学科主体性困境与建构

中国对于海洋文化的理论探索与建构已有数十年的积淀,然而目前学术界对其学科主体性依然缺乏共识。为增强中国海洋强国建设的文化软实力,文章解答海洋文化学科主体性的基本问题,分析海洋文化学科主体性建构面临的挑战,并提出具有针对性的建议。研究结果表明：海洋文化属于知识门类意义上的学科,是独特的知识集合和自成系统的理论体系;由于传统学术思维的惯性、经世致用思想的影响、研究对象范畴模糊和研究方法特性缺失等因素,海洋文化的学科主体性尚未真正确立;海洋文化的学科主体性建构应坚持“人 海主体”的理论建构、“人 海和谐”的价值取向、“人 海依存”的研究范畴和“人 海互动”的研究方法。     

海监工作理念创新之探讨

中国海监江苏省总队直属支队是一支年轻的队伍,成立短短5年来,在各级领导的关心和支持下,在江苏省海洋渔业指挥工作中取得了值得欣慰和关注的成绩. 2003年经江苏省机构编委会办公室批准,江苏省海洋渔业指挥部加挂"江苏省海监总队直属支队"牌子,成立了"海监科"这个具体工作部门,配备专人从事海监工作,目前共有持证执法人员20名.     

着力打造国家级自然保护区海监中坚力量

根据国家海洋局在国家级海洋类型自然保护区成立海监支队的有关要求,2006年4月21日,昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区上报成立海监支队的申请获得了批准.由此,保护区执法工作得到了明显改善,执法能力更强,保护成效更加显著.自成立以来,在中国海监总队和河北省海监总队的正确领导和大力支持下,中国海监昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区支队(以下简称"保护区支队")不断完善能力建设,不断创新工作思路,不断提高执法人员素质,正在向着基础建设标准化、队伍建设目标化、装备设施现代化、查办案件规范化、执法监察科学化的目标大步迈进.     

强化海洋标准化计量质量工作在海洋执法监察中的支撑保障作用

中国海监作为国家海洋局所属的综合性海洋执法队伍,履行着维护国家海洋权益、查处违法使用海域、损害海洋环境、破坏海洋设施、扰乱海洋开发秩序等非法活动的重要职能。随着海监执法工作的不断深入,海监执法工作对技术支撑,包括标准化计量质量管理工作的需求日益紧迫。执法工作的性质和特点,也决定了对标准化计量质量管理工作的高度依赖性。进一步加强海洋标准化计量质量工作在海监执法工     

加强海监队伍建设 推动海洋执法工作

2002年,中国海监总队在国家海洋局的直接领导和关怀下,在国家海洋局机关和各有关部门的大力支持下,以江泽民同志“三个代表”重要思想为指导,以《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》实施为契机,以加强海监队伍建设和海洋执法工作为目标,全体同志团结一致,积极努力,较好地完成了2002年度的各项工作。     

加强我国海监队伍建设的几点建议

我国海上执法队伍建设是个庞大的课题，已有一些专家、学者对其进行了较为深入的研究并取得了一些成果。其中一些具有可操作性的建设方案已为国家相关部门所采纳，并已进入运作阶段。作为海上执法力量的海监队伍也有一个加强队伍建设的问题。改革我国海监队伍管理体制经中编办批准，中国海监总队于１９９８年１０月１９日正式成立。中国海监总队是国家海洋局领导下的，由中国海监各海区总队、各沿海省海监总队、市海监支队及县海监大队共同组成。中国海监各海区总队又下设直属支队（如中国海监第一支队）、航空支队（如中国海监北海航空支队…     

加强海洋监察执法 促进海洋经济又好又快发展

加强海洋综合管理,提高海监执法水平,对于维护海洋开发秩序和海洋权益,促进海洋经济、社会、生态效益和谐共进,保障海洋经济又好又快发展,都具有极其重要的作用。目前我国海洋经济发展速度明显加快,全社会依法用海意识明显增强,海洋法制建设日趋完善,海监执法队伍日益壮大。但在海洋执法管理中仍存在不容忽视的问题。主要结合海洋执法管理中存在的问题．对加强海洋监察执法工作．促进海洋经济又好又快发展提出了建设性的建议和措施。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...