南秦岭下古生界石煤的富硒性及意义

南秦岭下古生界地层中岍存着丰富的石煤资源，特别是下寒武统的鲁家坪组和下志留统的大贵坪组的石煤最为丰富，是本区下古生界的主要含煤段。这两个组的石煤均富含硒元素。下寒武统的石煤一般含硒量为（２０－５０）×１０＾－６，最高可达３７０×１０＾－６，下志留统的石煤含硒量一般为（２０－３０）×１０＾－６，远远高于地壳克拉克值。     

临沧锗矿床地质特征

矿床位于临沧帮卖第三纪盆地。矿体主要赋存于Ｎ＾２１和Ｎ＾１１地层中,矿体受褐煤层及碳层控制,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出。主矿体走向长４７２ｍ,倾斜长４００～８００ｍ,平均厚４ｍ,平均品位ω（Ｇｅ）＝０．０５５％,可分为锗煤型和锗砂岩两类矿石。锗主要来源于基底花岗岩,成矿可分为模特富集、沉积富集、成岩富集及后生改造富集四个阶段。     

广东电白芝头国际标准石英砂矿床地质特征

广东电白芝头国际标准石英砂矿床是第四纪滨海海－风成沉积的大型石英砂矿床,分布在出露于海平面以上１４－２０ｍ的滨海砂堤中,可划分为粗粒为中粒两个工业类型（各有两个品级）、原矿石的石英砂含量达９９．０８％,ＳｉＯ２平均含量为９８．７０－９９．８０％,磨圆度高（次圆－－极圆状占７２．８５－８０．９８％）,含泥量０．１４－２．１７％,水洗后的附着Ｃｌ＾－含量为８．４４×１０＾－６－１６．９×１０６－６。各     

华北地台钼（铜）矿床成矿年代学研究——辉钼矿铼-锇年龄及其地质意义

华北地台北缘的工产辽和南缘的东秦岭两个钼矿带闻名遐迩。本文用同位素稀释－等离子体质谱法，直接测定了燕辽钼矿带中兰家沟钼矿床的Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ等时线年龄为（１８６．５±０．７）×１０＾６ａ，杨家杖和肖家营子钼矿床的Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ模式年龄为（１８７±２）×１０＾６ｄ－（ｄ１９１±６）×ｄ１０＾６ａ和（１７７±５）×１０＾６ａ，小寺沟和寿王坟铜矿床的Ｒｅ－Ｏｓ模式为ＤＤ（１３４±３）×１０＾４ａ和（１４８±４）×     

香港中生代火成岩U—Pb法年龄测定

香港中生代侵入岩和火山岩２２个锆石和独居石新的Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄,揭示了中侏罗世至早白垩世火山－深成作用分为４期,（１６４．６±０．２）×１０＾６～（１５９．３±０．３）×１０＾６ａ,（１４６．６±０．２）×１０＾６～（１４６．２±０．２）×１０＾６ａ,（１４３．７±０．３）×１０＾６～（１４２．５±０．３）×１０＾６ａ,（１４０．９±０．２）×１０＾６～（１４０．４±０．２）×１０＾６ａ。从最早知道的     

安徽巢湖地区二叠系有机地球化学特征及其古环境意义

对中国东部巢湖地区二叠系的三套富含有机质“黑层”中的代表性样品，进行了生物标志物及有机岩石学等项分析，下二叠系下部栖霞组（样品代号Ｐｔ）含生物碎屑泥灰岩的ＴＯＣ为１．２４％－２．２７％，Ｔｍａｘ４５７－４９５℃可溶有机质含量１５０－４７０×１０＾－６，Ｒ＾００．９１％－１．３０％，∑Ｃ＾－２２／∑Ｃ＾＋２３〉３，有机组分主要是海相腐泥基质及沥青，下二叠系上部银屏组（样品代号Ｙ）黑色泥岩的ＴＯＣ为１     

新类型金矿—萤石型金矿的矿石学研究

浙东南萤石型金矿赋存于萤石矿田中，是一个受陈蔡群层位控制的新类型金矿。矿石中金属最高含量为５４×１０＾－６，一般５×１０＾－６－２５×１０＾－６，主要工业矿物的银金矿。成矿有多期次的特性。矿石中还含Ｓｅ．     

云开地块的构造演化史及其动力学特征

云开地块构造演化史可筛分为６个构造期：（１）前晋宁期（〉１４００×１０＾ａ），发生ＮＥ向超深层次的伸展型顺层滑脱，滑脱带下部发展为区域深熔混合岩和溶熔花岗岩；（２）晋宁期（１４００×１０＾６～８００×１０＾６ａ）发生ＮＮＥ向深层次伸展剪切，剪切带下部逐渐形成条带状深熔混合岩和片麻状深熔花岗岩；（３）加里东期（８００×１０＾６～３７０×１０＾６ａ）发生Ｓ→Ｎ中深层次推覆剪切，剪切带形成高侵位片麻状深     

临沧锗矿含碳硅质灰岩的成因及其与锗成矿的关系

临沧锗矿是我国近年发现的具有独立开采价值且接近超大型规模的锗矿床，其富锗含煤段中存在薄层含碳硅质灰岩，深入研究含碳硅质灰岩的成因对于揭示锗矿床的成因具有重要的意义。通过对薄层含碳硅质灰岩岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素和碳、氧同位素的系统研究，并与典型的陆相热水沉积物进行对比，得出以下初步认识：（1）含碳硅质灰岩属陆相热水沉积成因；（2）含碳硅质灰岩的微量元素和稀土元素可能主要来自基底的二云母花岗岩；（3）煤中锗主要由形成含碳硅质岩等热水沉积岩的热水带来。     

南秦岭下古生界石煤的富硒性及意义

南秦岭下古生界地层中赋存着丰富的石煤资源，特别是下寒武统的鲁家坪组和下志留统的大贵坪组的石煤最为丰富，是本区下古生界的主要含煤段。这两个组的石煤均富含硒元素。下寒武统的石煤一般含硒量为（２０～５０）×１０￣（－６），最高可达３７０×１０￣（－６），下志留统的石煤含硒量一般为（２０～３０）×１０￣（－６），远远高于地壳克拉克值￣［１］。     

临沧超大型锗矿床的沉积环境、成岩过程和热液作用与锗的富集

临沧超大型锗矿庆的形成与其沉积、成岩和热液作用有密切联系。详细研究了矿床煤岩产出特征、煤岩组成、无机矿物、微量元素、腐殖体反射率,认为该矿床中的锗主要源于盆地西缘的白云母花岗岩的风化作用。在沉积作用阶段,锗被湖水中的低等生物和腐殖酸富集,为形成矿化煤打下基础。临沧褐煤经历了泥炭化阶段、早期成岩阶段和热液改造阶段。泥炭化阶段,沉积物中锗被凝胶体吸附和配合。早期成岩阶段,与腐残酸结合的锗,在碱性还原条     

Lincang superlarge germanium deposit in Yunnan Province,China: Sedimentation,diagenesis,hydrothermal process and mineralization

Ｇｅｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏａｌｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｓｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｗｉｔｈｃｏａｌｉｆｉ－ｃａｔｉｏｎ．Ｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚｉｎｇｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｒｅｃｏｒｄ－ｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ,ｔｅｘ...     

临沧锗矿床的微量元素地球化学

采用ICP-MS测定了临沧锗矿中51个含矿煤、5个无矿煤、9个硅质岩样品的微量元素含量,并与基底二云母花岗岩进行对比,探讨了含矿煤与无矿煤的微量元素地球化学及其与锗超常富集的关系,得出几点认识: a 含矿煤、无矿煤和硅质岩中的大多数微量元素来自基底的二云母花岗岩; b 热水携带了成矿所必需的锗; c Nb可作为锗矿化的指示元素      

The Genesis of Lincang Germanium Deposit—A Preliminary Investigation

The mechanism of formation of the Lincang germanium deposit is discussed in the light of the spatial distribution of Ge-rich coal and siliceous rocks,the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite in the Ge-rich coal,the variation of Ge abundance in the coal seams and the geochemical characteristics of the siliceous rocks.The results show that the siliceous rocks intercalated with the coal seamw were deposited from a hyrothermal medium through which germanium was enriched in the coal beds.The primary source of germanium is thought to be the Gerich granite in the basement of the sedimentary basin.     

临沧锗矿床成因初探

本文根据临沧锗矿床中富锗煤与硅质岩的空间分布规律，富锗煤中黄铁矿的硫同位素组成，锗在矿化煤层中的品位变化规律以及硅质岩的地球化学特征，探讨了分散元素锗形成独立矿床的可能机制，研究结果表明，与矿化煤层互层的硅质岩为热水沉积成因，矿化煤层中的锗主要来自形成硅质岩的热水溶液，而这种热水溶液中的锗则主要由盆地基底的富锗花岗岩所提供。     

乌兰图嘎超大型锗矿床含锗煤的矿物学

内蒙古乌兰图嘎锗矿是我国近年来发现的产在煤层中的超大型锗矿床,锗金属储量达1600 t。以乌兰图嘎超大型锗矿床的含锗煤为研究对象,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)和电子探针(EPMA)详细研究了乌兰图嘎含锗煤及其同时代的红旗煤矿无矿煤的矿物学特征。分析结果表明,乌兰图嘎含锗煤中的主要矿物包括石英、蒙脱石;次要矿物包括长石、高岭石、伊利石;另含少量三水铝石、角闪石、叶蜡石、石膏、绿泥石、锐钛矿、黄铁矿、方解石、白云石和草酸钙石;微量的锆石、闪锌矿、白钨矿、重晶石、黄铜矿、卤化物、磷酸盐以及含Pb、Bi、Cr、As和Sb矿物。未发现含锗矿物。推测含锗煤中的锗可能主要呈有机结合,而Ba、Zn、Ti、W、Pb、Bi、Cr、Fe、As、Zr、Sb、Cu和REE可能主要与矿物相结合。此外,首次在乌兰图嘎含锗煤及红旗煤矿无矿煤中发现含银颗粒或自然银,推测胜利煤田的褐煤可能有相当规模的Ag矿化。     

Petrological,geochemical, and mineralogical compositions of the low-Ge coals from the Shengli Coalfield,China: A comparative study with Ge-rich coals and a formation model for coal-hosted Ge ore deposit

To better understand the formation mechanism of coal-hosted Ge ore deposits, this paper reports on the petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions of the low-Ge coals in the Shengli Coalfield (Inner Mongolia, China), using optical microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The samples in the present study closely neighbor the previously-reported Wulantuga coal-hosted Ge ore deposit (both No. 6 Coal). In comparison with the Wulantuga Ge-rich coals, the low-Ge coals of the Shengli field display higher moisture (27.59% on average) and lower pyritic sulfur contents (0.53%). Both the low-Ge and Ge-rich coals are generally high in inertinite, and have varying but relatively low huminite contents. Preservation of fecal pellets as macrinite is notable in both the low-Ge and Ge-rich coals, and the position of the fecal pellets appears to be within tunnels or chambers within the wood. Quartz, kaolinite, pyrite, and gypsum are the major crystalline phases identified in most of the Ge-rich and low-Ge coals, but the low-Ge coals contain significantly less pyrite and are more abundant in non-mineral Ca and Mg. Ca-oxalate of authigenic origin is observed, generally occurring as cell-fillings in the low-Ge coals. Otherwise mineral-free organic matter in the low-Ge coals would be expected to have an inherent ash yield of around 6%, derived from the inorganic elements (mainly non-mineral Ca and Mg) that occur either in the organic matter or as dissolved ions in the pore water and form the sulfate species in low-temperature (oxygen-plasma) ash residues. The highly-elevated trace elements, including Be, Ge, As, Sb, W, Hg, and Tl, that occur in the Ge-rich coals of the Wulantuga deposit, are significantly depleted in the low-Ge coals. Lateral migration of Ge–W- and As–Hg–Sb–Tl-rich solutions through the original peat swamp for the Wulantuga Ge ore deposit has led to significant enrichment of Ge on the margin of the coal basin but decreasing Ge concentrations toward to the inner part of the basin. Such a migration direction is different to those in the previously-reported for the hydrothermal solutions in the Lincang (Yunnan of China) and Spetzugli (Russian Far East) Ge ore deposits, where the solutions migrated vertically from granite to peat along faults and led to a dome-shaped Ge distribution in the relevant coal seam.     

Zinc–germanium ores of the Tres Marias Mine,Chihuahua, Mexico

The Tres Marias carbonate-hosted Zn–Ge deposit in Chihuahua, Mexico contains sphalerite with the highest average Ge (960 ppm) and willemite with the highest reported Ge contents of Mississippi-Valley-type (MVT) deposits worldwide. This has prompted current exploration efforts to focus on the deposit as a high-grade source of germanium. The sulfide-rich ore type (>125,000 t at 20% Zn and 250 g/t Ge) contains Fe-rich botryoidal sphalerite (type I) associated with solid hydrocarbons. This type exhibits distinctive intimately intergrown lamellar texture of high-Fe sphalerite (average 9.9 wt.% Fe and 800 ppm Ge) and a somewhat less Fe-rich sphalerite phase (average 5.5 wt.% Fe and 470 ppm Ge). Reddish-brown banded sphalerite (type II, average 5.7 wt.% Fe and 1,320 ppm Ge) is subordinately followed by galena and pyrite. The sulfide-poor “oxidized” zinc ore (up to 50 wt.% Zn; 250 to 300 ppm Ge) is a fine-grained, often friable, alteration product of the sulfide ore and associated limestone and breccia host. While some areas are dominated by carbonates and sulfates, others are enriched in silicates such as hemimorphite and willemite. The gangue assemblage includes goethite, hematite, and amorphous silica or quartz. Minor wulfenite, greenockite, cinnabar, and descloizite also occur. Willemite occurs as interstitial replacement of sphalerite and fracture fillings in the oxidized ore and can be unusually rich in Pb (up to 2.0 wt.%) and Ge (up to 4,000 ppm). Oscillatory zonation reflects trace element incorporation into willemite from the oxidation of primary Ge-bearing sphalerite and galena by siliceous aqueous fluids. The Tres Marias deposit has hybrid characteristics consisting of a primary low-temperature MVT Ge-rich Zn–Pb sulfide ore body, overprinted by Ge-rich hemimorphite, willemite, and Fe oxide mineralization.     

Depositional setting and geometric structure of the Beypazari lignite deposits, Central Anatolia, Turkey

The Neogene Beypazari basin is one of the important coal districts of Central Anatolia with approximately 600 million short tons lignite reserves. The coal-bearing Neogene sediments occurring in the Beypazari basin are divided into seven formations, in ascending order; Çoraklar, Hirka, Akpinar, Çayirhan, Bozbelen and Kirmir Formations with Sariyar Limestone and Teke volcanics.The Çoraklar Formation consists of cross-bedded sandstones, channel-fill conglomerates, mudstones, carbonaceous shales and volcanoclastic pebblestones, which are fluvial in origin. The lower lignite seam occurs in the lower part of the Çoraklar Formation.The upper lignite seam occurs in the uppermost part of the Çoraklar Formation and is overlain by the Hirka Formation with a sharp contact. The Hirka Formation consists mainly of alternating shale, mudstone, bituminous shale, claystone, tuffite and silicified limestone, and they all are apparently of lacustrine origin.The lignite deposite occur in the Çayirhan and Koyunaǧili parts of the Beypazari Neogene basin. The Çayirhan coal field consists of lower and upper lignite seams, but the Koyunaǧili field contains only an upper lignite seam.The lower lignite seam, which does not crop out at the surface, indicates a fluvial origin of the lignite deposits, based on the lateral discontinuity and the lower sulphur content of the lower lignite seam, and the sedimentologic and stratigraphic features of the associated sediments. But the uniform stratigraphic and sedimentologic features, high sulphur content and wide-spread distribution of the upper lignite seam indicate that the upper lignites were deposited probably in a mud-flat facies of playa-lake environment. The lower and upper lignites are completely different in relation to the depositional environment, the geometry and degree of rank in lateral directions.The lateral spreading and geometry of the lower lignite deposits were controlled by channel, floodplain and well-drained marshes of a fluvial system. On the basis of recent drillings and field investigations, the lower lignite deposit has been demonstrated to be a linear spreading parallel to the axis of the channel fills and throughcross beds in clastic sediments of fluvial facies. Therefore, the lower lignite deposits trend along a northeastern direction and is not expected to be as widely spread as the upper lignites.