新疆葫芦铜镍硫化物矿床的地质特征与成矿时代

哈密葫芦铜镍矿是东天山地区典型的与基性-超基性岩有关的岩浆成因块状硫化物矿床.对其中含铜镍硫化物的基性-超基性岩用Re-Os等时线法定年,获得(283±13)Ma的等时线年龄.这表明,葫芦与东天山其他铜镍矿床乃至喀拉通克和箐布拉克铜镍硫化物矿床一样,主要形成于海西期,同位素年代学界定的成岩成矿时间大致在320~280 Ma,表明海西晚期在新疆北部为一个与基性-超基性岩有关的铜镍矿床成矿高峰期.     

中国硫化镍矿床类型及成矿模式

中国硫化镍矿床主要产于地台边缘及其外侧活动带。含矿基性-超基性岩体的形成时代主要是元古代和华力西期。成矿岩体类型有:与优地槽火山作用有关的超基性-基性杂岩体:与深断裂有关的超基性岩体、超基性-基性杂岩体、基性岩体。根据成矿作用和成矿方式,硫化镍矿床可分为:岩浆原地熔离矿床(Ⅰ);岩浆深部熔离-贯入矿床:单式贯入矿床(Ⅱ)、复式贯入矿床(Ⅲ)、脉冲式贯入矿床(Ⅳ);晚期贯入矿床:岩内贯入矿床(Ⅴ)、岩外贯入矿床(Ⅵ)。本文还提出了硫化镍矿床的成矿模式。     

含矿基性-超基性岩的镁铁比值

基性-超基性岩中赋存有铜镍硫化物矿床、豆荚状铬铁矿床等许多重要的矿床,基性-超基性岩成岩成矿方面的研究多采用镁铁比值,但以往利用该比值时未考虑岩石的SiO_2含量、地质构造及岩石蚀变等一些重要条件。文章结合国内外一些重要的铜镍矿床和铬铁矿矿床,考虑到上述的几个条件,讨论了镁铁比值在划分岩石类型方面的应用,通过计算给出了与前人不同的镁铁比值划分区间。     

中国镍矿成矿规律初探

我国镍矿可分为岩浆型、海相沉积型和风化壳型3种预测类型.矿床形成时代较为连续,最早形成于中—新元古代,最晚形成于新生代,其中中—新元古代和晚古生代是形成矿床的两个高峰期;中—新元古代矿床主要分布在华北地块和扬子地块周缘,晚古生代镍矿主要分布在中亚造山带、峨眉山和塔里木大火成岩省范围内.岩浆型镍矿主要形成于大陆边缘裂解、造山带后碰撞伸展以及地幔柱3种构造背景,根据不同构造背景并结合主要岩浆作用特点,将与幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿系列类型划分出与大陆裂解边缘幔源基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与地幔柱基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带俯冲作用下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带后碰撞伸展背景下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型等4种亚类型.分别对中—新元古代与大陆边缘裂解有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、寒武纪与黑色页岩有关的海相沉积型镍钼钒矿床、早二叠世与造山带伸展背景有关的镍铜矿床、晚二叠世与大火成岩省有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、新生代与风化壳有关的镍金矿床及其对应的典型矿床特征和成矿模式进行了叙述;认为大陆裂解边缘、地幔柱、造山带后碰撞伸展是我国镍矿形成的有利成矿地质背景,与邻近深大断裂、镁铁—超镁铁岩体、高MgO的原生岩浆(高镁玄武质岩浆)、深部岩浆作用、硫饱和与硫化物熔离共同组成岩浆型镍矿的6个重要地质条件.     

金平白马寨铜镍矿床综合信息成矿预测模型

系统研究哀牢山造山带金平白马寨铜镍矿床的地质、地球物理及地球化学特征。提出本矿床为含矿基性—超基性岩浆熔离—结晶分异和矿浆依次脉冲式贯入的铜镍硫化物矿床成矿模式，最终建立本区铜镍矿床的综合信息成矿预测模型。     

基性-超基性岩铜镍矿与铬铁矿含矿性判别研究

岩石与矿物地球化学数据常用于判别岩石成因、构造环境等,事实上它们也可以用于判别岩石成矿专属性,从而更好地指导找矿工作。通过对含铜镍矿的基性-超基性岩与含铬铁矿的基性-超基性岩全岩主量、铂族元素和铬铁矿尖晶石地球化学特征进行综合对比研究结果显示:1)铜镍矿的m/f值主要集中在1.5～8.5,铬铁矿主要集中在6.5～12.5,有一定重叠,因此通过m/f值确定是否成矿具有不确定因素;利用全岩主量元素的二元图解进行判别也存在重叠区域,不利于成矿专属性的判别。2)铜镍矿基性-超基性岩全岩具有高的w(PPGE)/w(IPGE)值(0.06～343.75,平均16),w(Pd)/w(Ir)1;铂族元素具有左倾的原始地幔配分模式;铬铁矿尖晶石高w(TiO_2)、Fe~#值,Cr~#、Mg~#值变化范围较大。3)铬铁矿基性-超基性岩全岩具有低的w(PPGE)/w(IPGE)值(0.000 4～20.34,平均0.55),w(Pd)/w(Ir)1,铂族元素具有右倾的原始地幔配分模式;铬铁矿尖晶石低w(TiO2),Fe~#、Mg~#值,高Cr~#值。因此,利用基性-超基性岩的铂族元素与铬铁矿地球化学特征值能有效指示成矿专属性,可成为基性-超基性岩铬铁矿与铜镍矿的勘查工具。     

阿尔泰南缘-准噶尔东北缘铜镍矿找矿方向

阿尔泰南缘-准噶尔东北缘位于哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块与西伯利亚板块汇聚地段,是我国重要的铜镍成矿区。区内先后发现7个基性-超基性岩型铜镍矿床（点）,包括大型喀拉通克矿床、突破性找矿成果托吐喀腊矿床等,主要分布于NW向断裂或NW向断裂与卡拉先格尔-二台断裂交汇部位。以上述铜镍矿床为切入点,重点介绍托吐喀腊铜镍矿找矿进展,总结阿尔泰南缘-准噶尔东北缘铜镍矿时空分布特征,深化对研究区铜镍成矿规律认识,并提出下一步有利的铜镍找矿方向。     

一个含硫化铜镍矿超基性岩体的岩石特征

目前国内外已知岩浆硫化铜镍矿床,主要是与分异的基性侵入体,或基性—超基性侵入体有关;而与独立的超基性岩体有关的矿床,甚为少见。而且过去已知的岩浆铜镍矿床,往往规模甚小。本文则系介绍一个含硫化铜镍矿床的超基性岩体的地质-岩石特征,希能借此引起我国地质工作者的注意和进一步研究。     

新疆东部某铜镍矿床岩浆岩岩石地球化学特征研究

新疆某镍矿床矿体产于同源同期侵入的基性一超基性岩体内,其含矿岩石为橄榄岩、橄辉岩以及辉石岩,镍矿化无论从时间上和空间上都与岩体的侵位密切相关.从岩石地球化学的角度研究岩浆岩特别是超基性岩与成矿的关系,运用岩石化学各种图解分析,认为与该矿床形成密切相关的超基性岩为铁质超基性岩,具有贫铝的特点,通过分析认为该镍矿床的形成具有强的岩浆岩成矿专属性.     

云南金平县新安里铜镍矿成矿规律与外围找矿

新安里铜镍矿属产于超基性岩中的熔离铜镍硫化物矿床,矿体赋存于基性—超基性岩体中,岩体分异较好、岩相分带清楚,物、化探组合异常与岩体、矿体对应较好.通过对比,新安里铜镍矿成矿规律与已知的营盘Ⅰ、Ⅱ号杂岩体铜镍矿床相似,岩浆分异程度高,推测新安里岩体深部应为地质找矿的有利部位.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of